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Metacognitive
means beyond, reside, or with the cognitive. Therefore, metacognitive
strategies are actions which go beyond purely cognitive devices, and which
provide a way for learners to coordinate their own learning process.
Metacognitive strategies are essential for successful language learning.
Language learners are often overwhelmed by too much “newness”,
and tend to lose their focus, which can only be regained by the conscious
use of metacognitive strategies such as paying attention and overviewing/linking
with already familiar material.
Metacognitive
strategies include three strategy sets:
Overviewing
and linking with already known material
Paying
attention
Delaying
speech production to focus on listening
2.Arranging
and planning your learning: This set contains six strategies, all of which
help learners to organize and plan so as to get the most out of language
learning. These strategies touch many areas: finding out about language
learning, organizing the schedule and the environment, setting goals and
objectives, considering task purposes, planning for tasks, and seeking
chances to practice the language:
Finding
out about language learning
Organizing
Setting
goals and objectives
Identifying
the purpose of a language task
Planning
for a language task
Seeking
practice opportunities
3.Evaluating
your learning: In this set are two related strategies, both aiding learners
in checking their language performance. One strategy involves noticing
and learning from errors, and the other concerns evaluating overall progress:
Self-monitoring
Self-evaluating
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