upjs.sk).

upjs.sk)

   

   

   

   

  

   

7. What is paradigmatic gap?
Definition is in the file of the calculation of the maximum derivational network and saturation value. As agreed during the workshop, paradigmatic gap was replaced by the term paradigmatic slot.

   

8. When we identify paradigmatic slots, do we make any difference between morphological slots and semantically motivated slots?
We do not take into consideration the nature of the constraints, whether morphological or semantic in nature. We are not interested in the lexical meaning of the derived word, nor in the number of affixes. We are interested in the semantic contribution of the last affixation step.

   

9. Maximum Derivational Network – 3rd order Diminutive (former Attenuative) – adjective warm – why are there 5 words?
It is the maximum number of words that can be derived from the corresponding 2nd degree word by attaching a suffix representing the semantic category Attenuative (changed to Diminutive in the new list of semantic categories). In this example, it is the highest number of 3rd Order derivatives with the Diminutive (former Attenuative) meaning from among all ten Bulgarian adjectives. See point 12 in the file of the calculation of the maximum derivational network and saturation value.

   

10. Selection of the research sample?
We will be able to compare saturation values across languages. Our sample will consist of 10 adjectives, 10 nouns, and 10 verbs in 44 languages. It was difficult to find equivalents for more than 10 core words in each language of our sample. Core vocabulary is our focus.

   

11. What does it mean to have the saturation value of, for example, 24% (please see calculation of the maximum derivational network and saturation value)? What does it say?
We compare the saturation values of derivational networks with that of inflectional paradigms, which are much more regular and, in principle, approach 100%. The saturation value can also enable us to compare derivational networks across languages and in various word classes (nouns,verbs and adjectives).

   

12. What is the status of the words in the network in 3rd order of the adjective warm Diminutive (former Attenuative)?
They are actual words in the Bulgarian language as attested in the sources described in the answer to the following question.

   

13. How can we prove the existence of a derived word?
Language corpora, dictionaries, Google searches. Only attested words count.

   

14. Every chapter describing the derivational networks in a particular language will have 12 parts, yes or no?
Yes. They are specified and explained in the handout for language-specific chapters.

   

15. What do we consider good typicality of a semantic category for a given order of derivation?
Typicality concerns the occurrence of words of a particular semantic category. The best situation is if a particular semantic category is realized within a particular Order of Derivation for all ten words (adjectives, or nouns, or verbs). The situation can, however, be different in different languages. While in some languages a typical situation may be the occurrence of a semantic category in a given Order of derivation with all ten words, in some other languages a typical situation may be five or six words, etc. Therefore, the authors of individual chapters are asked to evaluate typicality with regard to specific data from their languages.

   

16. What about zero morphemes?
They do not count.

   

17. How are semantic categories constructed? Are there associations between semantic categories andword classes?
Our semantic categories are viewed as comparative concepts, as prototypical categories. Hence, try to adjust descriptive categories used to describe individual languages to these comparative concepts.Semantic categories used in this project are independent of word classes.
Sometimes two categories (labels) are necessary for capturing the meaning introduced by an affix but such labeling should be kept to a minimum. When proposing a new semantic category or a combination of two semantic categories to label one meaning, please, always consult with Alexandra.

   

18. What is the approach to Aktionsart? Is it one semantic category?
No, it is not. Our list of semantic categories makes it possible to label various ‘aspects’ of Aktionsart.

   

19. Can you give us any technical guidelines how to differentiate between inflection and derivation?
No, we can’t since it is language-specific. Use reference books in your respective language. If there aren’t any representative grammars in this respect, you are the authority to decide.  It would be advisable to explain this kind of methodological decision in the Introduction to your chapter.

   

20. How to treat issues of polysemy?
Respective meanings should be included separately.
Metaphorical meanings will be excluded because they are not systematic.

   

21. Are we free to propose more categories?
Yes. But discuss your suggestions with Alexandra first.

   

22. Semelfactive and singulative? Are they one or two categories?
One category = the label semelfactive is now replaced with singulative.

   

23. When we have a word belonging to two semantic categories, such as Agent and Female, how to proceed?
It depends on the particular case. If the last affixation process adds only the Female meaning, a single semantic category Female is used. If the meanings of both Agent and Female are attached by the last affixation process, a combination of these categories is used: Agent-Female.

   

24. What is a typical sequence of semantic categories? Can you give me an example?
A typical sequence is one that re-occurs with several basic words at any Order of Derivation. For instance, the Agent-Female sequence occurs in many words, that’s why it is called typical combination/sequence.

   

25. Do not use recursiveness. Use multiple reoccurrence. What is it?
Reappearance/reapplication/repetition of a semantic category in different Orders of Derivation in one and the same derivational line, such as:
Temporal – Causative – Temporal.

   

26. How can I identify combining forms?
This is the reference for the identificationand excusion of combining forms (opens as .pdf file).

   

27. How to identify affixoids?
Use a reference book(s) for your language. Affixoids should be excluded, unless they are in a given language classified as affixes explicitly.  This kind of methodological decision should be justified in the Introduction to your chapter.

   

28. How to treat homonymy of past participle (e.g. baked) and any other inflected forms?
These should be excluded, as there is no affixation process. Past participles/present participles – should be excluded (any transposition, transflexion, conversion, blending, compounding, etc. should be excluded) unless you can prove that there is a synonymous word derived BY AFFIXATION. Imperfective and perfective verbs (with two different inflections) should be treated as a single basic word, i.e. placed at the zero-degree.  This kind of decision should be explained and justified in the General Introduction to the genetically related languages.

   

29. Should -ing forms be included as Action or no?
It is language specific.

   

30. How to treat cases when a prefix and suffix are attached to a word simultaneously?
It is the case of prefixal-suffixal derivation. It is one step of derivation.

   

31. Do we have to include all the tables?
The decision is up to you. You should present your results by adhering to the approved structure of all language-specific chapters.See also the handout on language-specific chapters.

   

32. Which tables do we need to include necessarily? Which tables are required? Which are not necessarily needed?
See the answer above.

   

33. Where should we place references?
They will be included at the end of the manuscript. Not separately after each chapter. They are not included in the chapter wordcount.

   

34. Will the correlation between the saturation value and the paradigmatic strength be evaluated?
Yes, we will discuss it with a statistician soon and upload the methodology on the website.

   

35. If there is the 1st degree of derivation, and the next degree does not exist (e.g. it is archaic) and the 3rd degree exists and is used. What to do?
The 3rd degree is synchronically treated as the 2nd degree.

   

36. Can I see the work of my colleagues from the same language group?
There will be language groups on the website in the form of Dropbox groups, so you can see what other participants within your language group are doing.
The coordinators of each group are encouraged to open folders for their group and invite their authors to join the folders.