This paper presents the research project TEC2010-18009/TCM proposed for its funding by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacin (MICINN). The main goal of this research project is the development of two groups of techniques for the processing of noisy, damaged or lost information: estimation and uncertainty processing. We will consider two different applications with a clear parallelism: speech recognition in adverse environments and error concealment for robust multimedia transmission (speech and video).