Valera, S. 2015. Derivation by conversion. In P. O. Müller, I. Ohnheiser, S. Olsen & F. Rainer (eds.), An International Handbook of the Languages of Europe. Berlin: de Gruyter; 322-339.

Conversion is recorded throughout the genera of the Indo-European language family. Its manifestations vary according to the theoretical standpoint on word-formation and of related issues, and also according to the morphological structure of each language. This article reviews the essentials of the concept (section 2), and the cases that are described as conversion in several European languages according to the two conditions that are set in the concept of conversion (sections 3 to 5). An overview of conversion in Indo-European languages shows that the well-known difficulties that it poses in certain languages occur in other languages too and are likely to be inherent in the concept of conversion (section 6).