Dr Yolanda Castro-Díez	Full Professor	ycastro@ugr.es	University of Granada
Dr María Jesús Esteban-Parra	Full Professor	esteban@ugr.es	University of Granada
Dr Sonia Raquel Gámiz-Fortis	Post Doc. Res.	srgamiz@ugr.es	University of Granada
Dr Matthias Staudt	Post Doc. Res.	mstaudt@ugr.es	University of Granada
Dr José Francisco Sanz Requena	Assistant Professor	jfsanz@uemc.es	Univ. Europea Miguel de Cervantes
Daniel Argüeso Barriga	Research Fellow	dab@ugr.es	Universidad de Granada
Miriam España Acebal	Research Assistant	mespana@ugr.es	Universidad de Granada

 

« Climate variability of the Iberian Peninsula.

a Seasonal climate prediction of the Temperature and Precipitation in the I.P: the NAO, ENSO and SST analysis and their ability to forecast.

a Impact of the climate variability in the:

* Annual and seasonal prediction of the Iberian river flows.

* Production of renewable energy in the I.P.

a Analysis, evaluation and validation of the GCMs results in observational periods in order to determine the ability of the models to reproduce the current and past I.P. climate conditions.

« Climate Change.

a Climate change scenarios in Andalusia.

* Statistical Downscaling.

* Dynamic Downscaling: use of the MM5 model.

« Reconstruction of the historical past climate in the Iberian Peninsula.

KEY WORDS

Climatic Variability. Historical Climatology. Reconstruction of the historical past climate. Climatic Change. SST. ENSO. NAO. Seasonal Climatic Forecast. Distribution Functions of the climatic variables. Extreme Events. ARMA. SSA. Wavelet analysis.

UNESCO CLASSIFICATION

250206: Physical Climatology. 250207: Regional Climatology. 250106: Atmospheric Dynamics. 250103: Sea-Air Interaction.

SCIENTIFIC PRIORITIES

The Atmospheric Physics Research Group at the University of Granada has a large research experience in the variability and predictibilidad of the climate, guaranteed by publications in international ISI journals, with high impact index in the related areas. The work developed in the last years (from 2000), can be summarized in the publication of 15 international papers (9 in the 1st quartile and 6 in the 2nd one), 1 national paper, 11 publications with ISBN (7 proceedings of international meetings and 1 national meeting, and 3 book chapters), 42 presentations to international meetings (not included in the previous ones) and 3 PhD Thesis, related all with this research topic. Also, this group has leaded (from 2000) 6 research projects financed by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and 1 by the Regional Government of Andalusia.

The applications of this research have a wide importance in many social aspects, as agriculture (choice of crops), hydrology (water management), health (heat waves, floods, etc.), tourism, hydraulic, eolic and solar energies, etc., and has a great utility for many companies and organisms in Andalusia. So, CEAMA (AndalusianCenter of Environment) and Environment Ministry of Andalusian Government support a part of our research activities.

Our research work is focused on characterize the annual to decadal natural variability of the Iberian Peninsula climate. The study and modelling of the climate variability and its extreme values in the Iberian Peninsula during the last 500 years have been the main objectives, including the modelling/prediction and the treatment of the extreme events. To this end, instrumental and historical data of climatic variables have been analysed. The combined used of the information obtained from the historical data, most of them of extreme character, and the information registered in the instrumental data, allowed us the construction of long extreme events series.

Currently, we are working in the development of a specific statistical model for seasonal prediction of temperature and precipitation on the Iberian Peninsula. Sea surface temperatures (SST) of the whole globe (with a finer data resolution in the central and north Atlantic) and the state of the climatic phenomena ENSO and NAO, are being used as predictors. Particularly, we have studied along the last years the spectral characteristics and predictability of the NAO assessed through Singular Spectral Analysis, and also the influence of the ENSO phenomenon in the climate of the North Atlantic region. This study showed the existence of a potential predictability of the European climate based on the ENSO state.

There are two starting hypothesis: first, only temperature and precipitation anomalies of a certain magnitude (in mean or variance) are potentially predictable at a seasonal scale and second, the relationship between the predictors and the predicted variables may be nonlinear. The methodology is mainly based on composite analysis and Singular Spectral Analysis.

We are not only interested in possible changes in the mean values of temperature and precipitation depending on the variations of the predictors, but also in potential variations in the shapes of the statistical distributions of the predicted variables and their consequences on the frequency of extreme events. So, we obtain the probability distribution functions for temperature and precipitation for each climatic region of the Iberian Peninsula, conditional on the state of the SST and the other predictor variables during the preceding season.

The comparison of our statistical predictions against those obtained based on physical models are also very interesting for us. Additionally, using reanalysis databases, we study the underlying physical mechanisms which may justify the statistical prediction models. This could lead to a thorough understanding of the processes that guide the climate variability of the Euro-Atlantic area.

Currently we also work in the climate change scenarios in Andalusia using both statistical and dynamic downscaling. The mesoscalar model MM5 allows to keep in mind the local characteristics (topography, vegetation, etc.) in order to obtain realistic climatic change estimates for Andalusia in the XXI century, with high spatial resolution.

DATA

Long monthly records (around 100 years) of precipitation and temperature (including mean maximum, mean minimum and extremes of the month) from 45 Spanish localities. For southern Spain, we have another database with a better spatial coverage (60 stations approximately).

Experience on treatment of global data sets (NCAR/NCEP, GISST, …).

 

Title of the Project: Analysis, evaluation and validation of the GCMs results (AR4-IPCC) for the Iberian Peninsula and Archipelagos.
Key words: Climate Variability, Cliamte Change, Climate Change Scenarios, GCMs, AR4-IPCC, NAO, ENSO, Extreme Events.
UNESCO Code: 2502.
Financial Support: National Institute of Meteorology (Spain).
Date: In revission
Head researcher: Yolanda Castro-Díez.
Number of participant researchers: 44.

Title of the Project: Climate variability impacts on interannual and seasonal predictability of Iberian river flows (PREDICA). (Ref.: CGL2007-61151/CLI).
Key words: Climate Variability, Cliamte Change, River Flows, seasonal prediction, SST, NAO, ENSO, SSA, ARMA model.
UNESCO Code: 2502, 2501, 2508.
Financial Support: Spanish Ministry of Teaching and Science.
Date: from 01/10/2007 to 30/09/2010..
Head researcher: Yolanda Castro-Díez.
Number of participant researchers: 6.

Title of the Project: Projections of Climatic Change of high resolution in Andalusia using of mesoscalar model (PROCLIAN). (Ref.: P06-RNM-01622).
Key words: NAO, ENSO, Climate Changr, Seasonal prediction, Extreme Events, Climate Variability, Andalusia, Climate, SST.
UNESCO Code: 2502.
Financial Support: Regional Government of Andalusia (Spain).
Date: from 07/04/2007 to 07/04/2010.
Head researcher: Yolanda Castro-Díez.
Number of participant researchers: 17.

Title of the Project: Hemispheric coupled ocean/atmosphere modes and their implications for the Iberian Peninsula seasonal climate forecasting. (Ref.: CGL2004-05340-C02-01/CLI).
Key words: Seasonal Climate Forecasting, SST, NAO, ENSO, Extreme Events.
UNESCO Code: 2502.
Financial Support: Spanish Ministry of Teaching and Science.
Date: from January 2005 to December 2007.
Head researcher: Yolanda Castro-Díez.
Number of participant researchers: 6 (4 Spanish and 2 Portuguese).

Title of the Project: NAO impact on precipitation and rivers flow of the Iberian Peninsula: analysis and predictability. (Ref.: HP2001-0012).
Key words: NAO, Iberian Peninsula climate, hydroelectric energy.
UNESCO Code: 2502.
Financial Support: Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology.
Date: from January 2002 to December 2003.
Head researcher: Yolanda Castro-Díez.
Number of participant researchers: 8 (5 Spanish and 3 Portuguese).

Title of the Project: Seasonal forecasting of the Iberian Peninsula climate based on the integration of statistical and dynamical models. (Ref.: REN2001-3923-C02-01/CLI).
Key words: Seasonal climate variability, SST, ENSO, NAO, seasonal prediction, distribution functions of climatic variables, extreme events.
UNESCO Code: 2502.
Financial Support: Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology.
Date: from December 2001 to December 2004.
Head researcher: Yolanda Castro-Díez.
Number of participant researchers: 5.

Title of the Project: Statistical models of the plurisecular variability of the Iberian Peninsula climate. (Ref.: CLI98-0930-C02-01).
Key words: Climate, historical climate, climatic variability, Iberian Peninsula.
UNESCO Code: 2502.
Financial Support: Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology.
Date: from September 1998 to September 2001.
Head researcher: Yolanda Castro-Díez.
Number of participant researchers: 5.

Title of the Project: Study of the energy balance on surface in arid and semi-arid areas. (Ref.: CLI95-1840).
Key words: Energy Balance.
UNESCO Code: 250111, 250908.
Financial Support: Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology.
Date: from December 1995 to December 1998.
Head researcher: Lucas Alados-Arboledas
Number of participant researchers: 11.

Title of the Project: Annual to decadal natural variability of the Iberian Peninsula climate. (Ref.: CLI95-1928-C02-01).
Key words: Climate, historical climate, climatic variability, Iberian Peninsula.
UNESCO Code: 2502.
Financial Support: Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology.
Date: from December 1995 to December 1998.
Head researcher: Yolanda Castro-Díez.
Number of participant researchers: 6.

Title of the Project: Natural climate variability on regional sacle: Climate and historical climate of Andalucía. (Ref.: AMB95-0450).
Key words: Climate, historical climate, climatic variability, Andalusia.
UNESCO Code: 2502.
Financial Support: Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology.
Date: from July 1995 hasta July 1998.
Head researcher: Yolanda Castro-Díez.
Number of participant researchers: 4.

Title of the Project: Reconstruction of past Andalusian climate. (Ref.: INM94.428/1).
Key words: Climate, historical climate, climatic variability, Andalusia.
UNESCO Code: 2502.
Financial Support: National Institute of Meteorology (Spain).
Date: from March 1995 to March 1997.
Head researcher: Yolanda Castro-Díez.
Number of participant researchers: 5.

Title of the Ph. Dissertation: Climate Change Projections in Andalusia: regional scenarios by means of a mesoscalar model.
Student: Daniel Argüeso Brriga .
Directors: Yolanda Castro Díez and y Sonia Raquel Gámiz Fortis.
University: Universidad de Granada. Spain.
Faculty: Facultad de Ciencias.
Year: In preparation. Mark: Pending.

Title of the Ph. Dissertation: Detection of thermal changes in the Iberian Peninsula from regional homogeneous data.
Student: Matthias Staudt.
Directors: Yolanda Castro Díez and María Jesús Esteban Parra.
University: Universidad de Granada. Spain.
Faculty: Facultad de Ciencias.
Year: 2004. Mark: Excellent cum laude.

Title of the Ph. Dissertation: Climatic variability in the north Atlantic zone: Predictability based on the sea surface temperatures using Singular Spectral Analysis.
Student: Sonia Raquel Gámiz Fortis.
Directors: Yolanda Castro Díez and David Pozo Vázquez.
University: Universidad de Granada. Spain.
Faculty: Facultad de Ciencias.
Year: 2003. Mark: Excellent cum laude.

Title of the Ph. Dissertation: Physical mechanisms of the Iberian Peninsula climate space-temporal variability from interanual to decadal scales: NAO and ENSO.
Student:Antonio David Pozo Vázquez.
Director: Yolanda Castro Díez.
University: Universidad de Granada. Spain.
Faculty: Facultad de Ciencias.
Year: 2000. Mark: Excellent cum laude. Special Ph. D. Award.

Title of the Ph. Dissertation: Contribution to the study of the Spanish climate evolution in the instrumental period.
Student: María Jesús Esteban Parra.
Director: Yolanda Castro Díez.
University: Universidad de Granada. Spain.
Faculty: Facultad de Ciencias.
Year: 1995. Mark: Excellent cum laude.

Title of the Ph. Dissertation: Natural climate change. The Little Ice Age in Andalusia. Reconstruction of the historical climate from documentary sources.
Student: Fernando Sánchez Rodrigo.
Director: Yolanda Castro Díez.
University: Universidad de Granada. Spain.
Faculty: Facultad de Ciencias.
Year: 1994. Mark: Excellent cum laude.

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2007. European Temperature forecasts based on Atlantic SST. J. Geophys. Res. (Atmospheres), in preparation.

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2007. Common SST-LST spatio-temporal modes of variability in the North Atlantic/European region. J. Geophys. Res. (Atmospheres), in preparation.

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, R.M. Trigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 2007. Quantifying the predictability of winter river flow in Iberia. Part II: seasonal predictability . J. Climate, in press.
  2006 JCR Science Edition: Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences: J. Climate. Impact Factor = 3.419
  Maximum Impact Factor of the area = 4.362. Rank = 4. Total number of journals = 48

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, R.M. Trigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 2007. Quantifying the predictability of winter river flow in Iberia. Part I: interannual predictability. J. Climate, in press.
  2005 JCR Science Edition: Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences: J. Climate. Impact Factor = 3.419
  Maximum Impact Factor of the area = 34.362. Rank = 3. Total number of journals = 48

• Staudt, M., M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2007. Homogenization of long-term monthly Spanish temperature data. Int. J. Climatol., 27, 1809-1823, DOI: 10.1002/joc.1493.pdf
  2006 JCR Science Edition: Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences: I.J. Climatol. Impact Factor = 2.332.
  Maximum Impact Factor of the area = 34.362. Rank = 13. Total number of journals = 48

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, J. Tovar-Pescador, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2005. North Atlantic winter SLP anomalies based on the autumn ENSO state. J. Climate, 18, 1, 97-103.pdf
  2005 JCR Science Edition: Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences: J. Climate. Impact Factor = 3.402
  Maximum Impact Factor of the area = 3.495. Rank = 3. Total number of journals = 47

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, J. Tovar-Pescador, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2005. El Niño-Southern Oscillation events and associated European winter precipitation anomalies. Int. J. Climatol., 25, 17-31, DOI: 10.1002/joc.1097.pdf
  2005 JCR Science Edition: Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences: I.J. Climatol.Impact Factor = 1.622.
  Maximum Impact Factor of the area = 3.495. Rank = 18. Total number of journals = 47

• Trigo, R.M., D. Pozo-Vázquez, T.J. Osborn, Y. Castro-Díez, S.R. Gámiz-Fortis and M.J. Esteban-Parra, 2004. North Atlantic Oscillation influence on precipitation, river flow and water resources in the Iberian Peninsula. Int. J. Climatol., 24, 925-944, DOI: 10.1002/joc.1048.pdf
  2005 JCR Science Edition: Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences: I.J. Climatol.Impact Factor = 1.622.
  Maximum Impact Factor of the area = 3.495. Rank = 18. Total number of journals = 47

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., J. Tovar-Pescador, S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2004. NAO and Solar radiation variability in the European North Atlantic region. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 5, L05201, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018502.pdf
  2004 JCR Science Edition: Geosciences, Multidisciplinary: Geophys. Res. Lett. Impact Factor = 2.378.
  Maximum Impact Factor of the area = 5.188. Rank = 10. Total number of journals = 128

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2002. Spectral characteristics and predictability of the NAO assessed through Singular Spectral Analysis. J. Geophys. Res. (Atmospheres), 107, (D23), 4685, doi: 10.1029/2001JD001436.pdf
  2002 JCR Science Edition: Geosciences, Multidisciplinary: J. Geophys. Res. Impact Factor = 2.245.
  Maximum Impact Factor of the area = 3.957. Rank = 12. Total number of journals = 122

• Castro-Díez, Y., D. Pozo-Vázquez, F.S. Rodrigo and M.J. Esteban-Parra, 2002. NAO and winter temperature variability in southern Europe. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (8), doi.: 10.1029/ 2001GL014042.pdf
  2002 JCR Science Edition: Geosciences, Multidisciplinary: Geophys. Res. Lett. Impact Factor = 2.150.
  Maximum Impact Factor of the area = 3.957. Rank = 13. Total number of journals = 122

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., M.J. Esteban-Parra, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 2001. The association between ENSO and winter atmospheric circulation and temperature in the North Atlantic region. J. Climate, 16, 3408-3420.pdf
  2001 JCR Science Edition: Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences: J. Climate. Impact Factor = 3.302
  Maximum Impact Factor of the area = 4.384. Rank = 3. Total number of journals = 43

• Rodrigo, F.S., M.J. Esteban-Parra, D. Pozo-Vázquez and Y. Castro-Díez, 2001. A reconstruction of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation index back to A.D. 1501 using documentary data in Southern Spain. J. Geophys. Res. (Atmospheres), 106, 14805-14818.pdf
  2001 JCR Science Edition: Geosciences, Multidisciplinary: J. Geophys. Res. Impact Factor = 2.609.
  Maximum Impact Factor of the area = 4.333. Rank = 8. Total number of journals = 117

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., M.J. Esteban-Parra, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 2001. A study of NAO variability and its possible non-linear influences on European surface temperature. Climate Dyn., 17, 701-715.pdf
  2001 JCR Science Edition: Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences: Clim. Dynam. Impact Factor = 4.384.
  Maximum Impact Factor of the area = 4.384. Rank = 1. Total number of journals = 43

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., M.J. Esteban-Parra, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 2000. An analysis of the variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation in the time and the frequency domains. Int. J. Climatol., 20, 1675-1692.pdf
  2000 JCR Science Edition: Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences: I.J. Climatol. Impact Factor = 1.492.
  Maximum Impact Factor of the area = 4.414. Rank = 15. Total number of journals = 40

• Rodrigo, F.S., M.J. Esteban-Parra, D. Pozo-Vázquez and Y. Castro-Díez, 2000. Rainfall variability in Southern Spain on decadal to centennial time scales. Int. J. Climatol., 20, 721-732.pdf
  2000 JCR Science Edition: Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences: I.J. Climatol. Impact Factor = 1.492.
  Maximum Impact Factor of the area = 4.414. Rank = 15. Total number of journals = 40

• Rodrigo, F.S., M.J. Esteban-Parra, D. Pozo-Vázquez and Y. Castro-Díez, 1999. A 500 years precipitation record in southern Spain. Int. J. Climatol., 19, 1233-1253.pdf

• Esteban-Parra, M.J., F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 1998. Spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation in Spain for the period 1880-1992. Int. J. Climatol., 18, 1557-1574.pdf

• Rodrigo, F.S., M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 1998. On the use of the Jesuit Order private correspondence records in climate reconstructions: A case study from Castille (Spain) for 1634-1648 A.D. Climatic Change, 40, 625-645.pdf

• Rodrigo, F.S., M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 1996. Seasonal distribution of precipitation anomalies in Andalusia (Southern Spain) during the 16th and 17th centuries: a preliminary analysis from documentary sources. Weather, 51, 210-218.

• Rodrigo, F.S., M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 1995. Reconstruction of the total annual rainfall in Andalusia (Southern Spain) during the 16th and 17th centuries from documentary sources.Theor. App. Climatol., 52, 207-218.

• Esteban-Parra, M.J., F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 1995. Temperature trends and change points in the Northern Spanish Plateau during the last 100 years. Int. J. Climatol., 15, 1031-1042.

• Rodrigo, F.S., M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 1995. The onset of the Little Ice Age in Andalusia (southern Spain): detection and characterization from documentary sources. Ann. Geophysicae, 13, 330-338.

• Rodrigo, F.S., M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 1994. An attempt to reconstruct the rainfall regime of Andalusia (Southern Spain) from 1601 A.D. to 1650 A.D. using historical documents. Climatic Change, 27, 397-418.

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, R.M. Trigo, J. Tovar-Pescador, J., M.J. Esteban-Parra, M.J. and Y. Castro-Díez, 2006. An emprical study on the impact of climate variability on the renewable energy outputs in the Iberian Peninsula. In Proceedings 5ª Asamblea Hispano-Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica.Ed. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. CD-ROM, ISBN: 84-8320-373-1. http://www-5ahlgg.inm.es/opencms/opencms/es/presentation.html

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2006. Potential predictability of the Atlantic SST on the European temperatures. In Proceedings 5ª Asamblea Hispano-Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Ed. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. CD-ROM, ISBN: 84-8320-373-1. http://www-5ahlgg.inm.es/opencms/opencms/es/presentation.html

• Esteban-Parra, M.J., D. Pozo-Vázquez, Y. Castro-Díez y R.M. Trigo, 2004. Impacto de la NAO sobre las temperaturas máximas y mínimas de la Península Ibérica. InLa Meteorología y el Clima Atlánticos. XXVIII Jornadas Científicas de la Asociación Meteorológica Española y 5º Encuentro Hispano-Luso de Meteorología. Ed. Asociación Meteorológica Española. ISBN: 84-8320-261-1. http://ame-web.org/jornadas_cientificas.htm

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., J. Tovar-Pescador, S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, M.J. Esteban‑Parra y Y. Castro-Díez, 2004. Influencia de la NAO en la variabilidad de la radiación solar en la región del Atlántico norte. In La Meteorología y el Clima Atlánticos. XXVIII Jornadas Científicas de la Asociación Meteorológica Española y 5º Encuentro Hispano-Luso de Meteorología, pp. 247-258. Ed. Asociación Meteorológica Española. ISBN: 84-8320-261-1. http://ame-web.org/jornadas_cientificas.htm

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., R.M. Trigo, R.M., Y. Castro-Díez, S.R. Gámiz-Fortis and M.J. Esteban‑Parra, 2004. Impacto de la NAO en el caudal de los ríos y la producción hidroeléctrica de la Península Ibérica. In La Meteorología y el Clima Atlánticos. XXVIII Jornadas Científicas de la Asociación Meteorológica Española y 5º Encuentro Hispano-Luso de Meteorología. Ed. Asociación Meteorológica Española. ISBN: 84-8320-261-1. http://ame-web.org/jornadas_cientificas.htm

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., J. Tovar-Pescador, S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2004. Variabilidad interanual de la radiación solar en la Península Ibérica. In Actas del XII Congreso Ibérico y VII Iberoamericano de Energía Solar, 2, pp. 1093-1097. Ed. Asociación Española de Energía Solar. ISBN: 84-609-2260-X. http://webs.uvigo.es/cies2004

• Esteban-Parra, M.J., D. Pozo-Vázquez, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 2003. Temperature and Precipitation Variability and Trends in the Northern Spain in the Context of the Iberian Peninsula Climate. In Mediterranean Climate. Variability and Trends. Springer, Germany, Hans-Jürgen Bolle (Ed.), pp. 259-275, ISBN:3-540-43838-6.

• Esteban-Parra, M.J., D. Pozo-Vázquez, Y. Castro-Díez and Trigo, R.M., 2003. NAO influence on maximum and minimum temperature of the Iberian Peninsula. In Proceedings "14th Symposium on Global Change and Climate variations”, CD-ROM, 6.6-1 - 6.6-6. Ed. American Meteorological Society. http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/56443.pdf

• Castro-Díez, Y., D. Pozo-Vázquez, S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, M. Staudt and M.J. Esteban-Parra, 2003. Iberian Peninsula temperature evolution in the European and Global context. In Proceedings 3ª Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, España, pp. 1036-1040, ISBN: 84-9705-299-4.

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., J. Tovar-Pescador, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2003. The ENSO and the winter atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic Region. In Proceedings 3ª Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, España, pp. 1007-1012, ISBN: 84-9705-299-4.

• Esteban-Parra, M.J., D. Pozo-Vázquez, S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, M. Staudt and Y. Castro-Díez, 2003. ENSO extremes and spring precipitation over the Iberian Peninsula. In Proceedings 3ª Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, España, pp. 982-987, ISBN: 84-9705-299-4.

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, M. Staudt, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2003. ARMA Modelling of the winter NAO index. In Proceedings 3ª Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, España, pp. 949-953, ISBN: 84-9705-299-4.

• Staudt, M., S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2003. Detection of changes in homogeneous regional temperature time series. In Proceedings 3ª Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, España, pp. 943-948, ISBN: 84-9705-299-4.

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., M. Staudt, D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban-Parra, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 2001. Monte-Carlo SSA Analysis of the NAO index. In Detecting and Modelling Regional Climate Change. Springer, Alemania, pp. 309-320, ISBN: 3-540-42239-0.

• Esteban-Parra, M.J., D. Pozo-Vázquez, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 1999. Análisis espectral singular de las series de temperatura en España. / Singular spectral analysis of the temperature series in Spain. In I Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Universidad de Almería. Instituto Geográfico Nacional, España, CD-ROM, ISBN: 84-95172-10-0.

• Castro-Díez, Y., M.J. Esteban-Parra, D. Pozo-Vázquez and F.S. Rodrigo, 1999. Estudio de la variabilidad espacio temporal de la precipitación en Andalucía. / Study of the Spatio-temporal precipitation variability in Andalucía. In I Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Universidad de Almería. Instituto Geográfico Nacional, España, CD-ROM, ISBN: 84-95172-10-0.

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., M.J. Esteban-Parra, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 1999. Una aproximación en el dominio del tiempo a la modelización y predicción del índice NAO. / An approach on the time domain to the modelization and prediction of NAO index. In I Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Universidad de Almería. Instituto Geográfico Nacional, España, CD-ROM, ISBN: 84-95172-10-0.

• Esteban-Parra, M.J., D. Pozo-Vázquez, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 1998. Singular Spectral Analysis of the Spanish Precipitation. In Proceedings "14th Conference on Statistic in the Atmospheric Sciences”. American Meteorological Society, U.S.A., pp. 103-106, ISBN: D(VT)1/98-400.

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., M.J. Esteban-Parra, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 1998. ARIMA structural models for temperature time series of Spain. In Proceedings "14th Conference on Statistic in the Atmospheric Sciences”. American Meteorological Society, U.S.A., pp. 74-77, ISBN: D(VT)1/98-400.

• Rodrigo, F.S., M.J. Esteban-Parra, D. Pozo-Vázquez and Y. Castro-Díez, 1997. On the early meteorological instrumental series in Andalusia (South Spain):a case study from Granada (1796-1797). In Giuseppe Toaldo e il suo tempo. Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Italia, pp. 899-906, ISBN: 88-86868-II-I.

• Esteban-Parra, M.J., F.S. Rodrigo, D. Pozo-Vázquez and Y. Castro-Díez, 1997. Changes of rainfall in Andalusia since the last century. In 10th Conference on Applied Climatology. American Meteorological Society, U.S.A., pp 271-274, ISBN: D(VT)10/97-400.

• Esteban-Parra, M.J., F.S. Rodrigo, D. Pozo-Vázquez and Y. Castro-Díez, 1997. Maximum and minimum temperature variations in Andalusia during the last century. In 10th Conference on Applied Climatology. American Meteorological Society, U.S.A., pp 108-111, ISBN: D(VT)10/97-400.

• Rodrigo, F.S., M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 1996. Uso de datos sobre el comercio de la nieve en Sierra Nevada para reconstrucciones climáticas. In 1ª Conferencia Internacional. Sierra Nevada. Conservación y desarrollo sostenible. Universidad de Granada. J. Chacón Montero and J.L. Rosúa Campos (Eds.), España, Vol. I, pp. 41-53, ISBN: 84-920272-3-1.

• Esteban-Parra, M.J. and Y. Castro-Díez, 1996. On the homogeneity of the longest temperature series in Spain: A critical analysis. In Climate Dynamics and the Global Change Perspective. Jagiellonian University Series. B. Obresbska-Starklowa and T. Niedzwiedz. (Eds.), Polonia, pp. 107-114, ISBN: 83-233-0951-5.

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, R.M. Trigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 2007. A study of the seasonal to interannual predictability of the Iberian Peninsula winter river flow. XXIV IUGG General Assembly. JPS001 Interannual and Interdecadal Climate Variability. Perugia, Italia, 2-13 julio, 2007. http://www.iugg2007perugia.it/abstracttype.asp#AssDiv_P

• Rodrigo, F.S., M. Barriendos, E. Rama-Corredor, J.M. Vaquero, M.J. Esteban-Parra, M.J., Y. Castro-Díez, D. Paredes-Beato and R. García-Herrera, 2007. Medical Topographical Studies: An Unexplored Source Of Climatic Data In The Iberian Peninsula During The 18th And 19th Centuries. In Geophysical Research Abstract. EGU General Assembly 2007. European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2007, Viena, Austria, 15-20 abril. Ed. European Geosciences Union. http://meetings.copernicus.org/egu2007/

• Staudt, M., M.J. Esteban‑Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2006. Obtaining a homogenized dataset of monthly Spanish maximum and minimum temperatures.5th Seminar for Homogenization and Quality Control in Climatological Databases. Budapest, Hungary, 29/05 – 02/06/2006. The Hungarian Meteorological Service Supported by WMO. http://www.met.hu

• Staudt, M., M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2005. Evolution and changes in Spanish monthly maximum and minimum temperatures with homogenized data. In Geophysical Research Abstract. EGU General Assembly 2005, 7, 06754. European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2005, Viena, Austria, 24-29 Abril,Ed. European Geosciences Union. ISSN: 1029-7006. http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/ga/egu05/

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., J. Tovar-Pescador, R.M. Trigo, S.R. Gámiz-Fortis and Y. Castro-Díez, 2005. The influence of low-frequency climate variability in the renewable energy production: solar energy and hydroelectricity. In Geophysical Research Abstract. EGU General Assembly 2005, 7, 05545. European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2005, Viena, Austria, 24-29 Abril, Ed. European Geosciences Union. ISSN: 1029-7006. http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/ga/egu05/

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, Y. Castro-Díez and M.J. Esteban-Parra, 2005. The role of the strength and phase of the ENSO events on the Mediterranean precipitation. In Geophysical Research Abstract. EGU General Assembly 2005,7, 00194. European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2005, Viena, Austria, 24-29 Abril, Ed. European Geosciences Union. ISSN: 1029-7006. http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/ga/egu05/

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, Y. Castro-Díez and M.J. Esteban-Parra, 2005. Mediterranean-Atlantic SST common oscillatory modes. In Geophysical Research Abstract. EGU General Assembly 2005, 7, 00193. European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2005, Viena, Austria, 24-29 Abril, Ed. European Geosciences Union. ISSN: 1029-7006. http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/ga/egu05/

• Castro-Díez, Y., M.J. Esteban‑Parra, S.R. Gámiz-Fortis and D. Pozo-Vázquez, 2005. Seasonal prediction of temperature and precipitation of the Iberian Peninsula. Seminario Acción Especial CLIVAR-España (Plan Nacional I+D, MEC), Madrid, I.N.M., 14-15/02/2005. http://www.iim.csic.es/~rbos/CLIVAR-ES/seminario.htm#resumenes

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, J. Tovar-Pescador, M.J. Esteban‑Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2005. The impact of climate variability on the renewable energy outputs: an empirical study in the Iberian Peninsula. Seminario Acción Especial CLIVAR-España (Plan Nacional I+D, MEC), Madrid, I.N.M., 14-15/02/2005. http://www.iim.csic.es/~rbos/CLIVAR-ES/seminario.htm#resumenes

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2004. Singular Spectral Analysis: a tool for environmental time series modelling. 2nd Spanish Workshop on “Spatio-Temporal Modelling of Environmental Processes”. Granada, España, 1-3 Junio, ttp://www.ugr.es/~stomodst/index.htm

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2004. Forecasting the European climate using ARMA models. 2nd Spanish Workshop on “Spatio-Temporal Modelling of Environmental Processes”. Granada, España, In press, http://www.ugr.es/~stomodst/index.htm

• Staudt, M., S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2004. Amplitudes and significance levels of thermal changes in the Iberian Peninsula since 1870, based on homogenized data. 4ª Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Ed. Secção Portuguesa das Uniões Internacionais Astronómica e Geodésica e Geofísica. Figueira da Foz, Portugal, 3-7 Febrero, S06.13, pp. 119-120, http://www.igidl.ul.pt/4alegg/

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2004. Temporal variability of the SST in the Atlantic Ocean. 4ª Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Ed. Secção Portuguesa das Uniões Internacionais Astronómica e Geodésica e Geofísica. Figueira da Foz, Portugal, 3-7 Febrero, S06.13, pp. 107-108, http://www.igidl.ul.pt/4alegg/

• Trigo, R.M., D. Pozo-Vázquez, Y. Castro-Díez, S.R. Gámiz-Fortis and M.J. Esteban-Parra, 2004. Impact of the NAO on hydroelectric power generation in the Iberian Peninsula. 4ª Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Ed. Secção Portuguesa das Uniões Internacionais Astronómica e Geodésica e Geofísica. Figueira da Foz, Portugal, 3-7 Febrero, S06.13, pp. 101-102, http://www.igidl.ul.pt/4alegg/

• Pozo-Vázquez D., S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2003. NAO and winter temperature variability in southern Europe. In Geophysical Research Abstract. 2003 EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly. Ed. European Geophysical Society, Germany, 5, 07042, ISSN: 1029-7006. Niza, Francia, 6-11 Abril, http://www.copernicus.org/EGS/egsga/nice03/programme/overview.htm

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2003. An analysis of the interannual predictability of the NAO based on ARMA models. In Geophysical Research Abstract. 2003 EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly. Ed. European Geophysical Society, Germany, 5, 07003, ISSN: 1029-7006. Niza, Francia, 6-11 Abril, http://www.copernicus.org/EGS/egsga/nice03/programme/overview.htm

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., J. Tovar-Pescador, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2003. A study of the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the solar-radiation interanual variability in the European area. In Geophysical Research Abstract. 2003 EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly. Ed. European Geophysical Society, Germany, 5, 06959 ISSN: 1029-7006. Niza, Francia, 6-11 Abril, http://www.copernicus.org/EGS/egsga/nice03/programme/overview.htm

• Trigo, R.M., D. Pozo-Vázquez and Y. Castro-Díez, 2003. NAO influence on precipitation, river flow regimes and hydroelectric power generation in the Iberian Peninsula. In Geophysical Research Abstract. 2003 EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly. Ed. European Geophysical Society, Germany, 5, 05494, ISSN: 1029-7006. Niza, Francia, 6-11 Abril, http://www.copernicus.org/EGS/egsga/nice03/programme/overview.htm

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., J. Tovar-Pescador, S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2002. Seasonal Statistical Prediction of the North Atlantic Climate based on the NAO and the ENSO estate: The case of the Iberian Peninsula. Climate Prediction Assessments Workshop, Research and Applications on Use and Impacts. Alexandria, Washington, U.S.A, 28-30 Octubre, http://www.ofps.ucar.edu/joss_psg/meetings/cpa-wkshp/abstracts.html

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2000. Searching oscillatory modes in the NAO index series. Summer Colloquim on Dynamics of Decadal to Centennial Climate Variability. National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A., 17-28 Julio, http://www.asp.ucar.edu/colloquium/2000/frontpg.html

• Rodrigo, F.S., D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2000. An attempt to reconstruct the winter NAO index back to AD 1501 using documentary data in southern Spain. Chapman Conference on the North Atlantic Oscillation. American Geophysical Union. Vigo, España, 28 Noviembre -1 Diciembre. http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/NAO/conference/chapman_conf.html

• Castro-Díez, Y., D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban-Parra and S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, 2000. Is the NAO a good indicator of the variability of the Temperature over the Iberian Peninsula? Chapman Conference on the North Atlantic Oscillation. American Geophysical Union. Vigo, España, 28 Noviembre -1 Diciembre. http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/NAO/conference/chapman_conf.html

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., M. Staudt, M.J. Esteban-Parra and Y. Castro-Díez, 2000. Modelling NAO index series. Chapman Conference on the North Atlantic Oscillation. American Geophysical Union. Vigo, España, 28 Noviembre -1 Diciembre. http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/NAO/conference/chapman_conf.html

• Esteban-Parra, M.J., D. Pozo-Vázquez, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 2000. The NAO influence on the seasonal precipitation in the Iberian Peninsula. Chapman Conference on the North Atlantic Oscillation. American Geophysical Union. Vigo, España, 28 Noviembre -1 Diciembre. http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/NAO/conference/chapman_conf.html

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., M. Staudt, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 2000. A study on NAO variability and its possible non-linear influences on European Surface Temperature. Chapman Conference on the North Atlantic Oscillation. American Geophysical Union. Vigo, España, 28 Noviembre -1 Diciembre. http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/NAO/conference/chapman_conf.html

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., M. Staudt, D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban-Parra, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 2000. Monte-Carlo SSA Analysis of the NAO index. International Scientific Meeting on Detection and Modelling of recent Climate change and its effects on a regional scale. Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Tarragona, España, 29-31 Mayo, pp. 96. http://www.urv.es/centres/Departaments/geografia/clima/congres.htm

• Staudt, M., S.R. Gámiz-Fortis, D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban-Parra, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 2000. Homogenisation of the first instrumental climate data from the Iberian Peninsula. International Scientific Meeting on Detection and Modelling of recent Climate change and its effects on a regional scale. Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Tarragona, España, 29-31 Mayo, pp. 19. http://www.urv.es/centres/Departaments/geografia/clima/congres.htm

• Rodrigo, F.S., M.J. Esteban-Parra, D. Pozo-Vázquez and Y. Castro-Díez, 2000. Frequency of droughts and floods in Southern Spain from 1500 A.D. 2ª Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Ed. Instituto Geofísico do Infante D. Luís. Lagos, Portugal, 8-12 Febrero, S13-20, pp. 533-534, http://www.igidl.ul.pt/2alegg.htm

• Esteban-Parra, M.J., D. Pozo-Vázquez, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez. 2000. Possible causal mechanisms on the Spanish temperature behaviour. 2ª Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Ed. Instituto Geofísico do Infante D. Luís. Lagos, Portugal, 8-12 Febrero, S13-19, pp. 531-532, http://www.igidl.ul.pt/2alegg.htm

• Gámiz-Fortis, S.R., M.J. Esteban-Parra, D. Pozo-Vázquez, M. Staudt and Y. Castro-Díez, 2000. Singular Spectral Analysis of the NAO index. 2ª Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Ed. Instituto Geofísico do Infante D. Luís. Lagos, Portugal, 8-12 Febrero, S13-09, pp. 511-512, http://www.igidl.ul.pt/2alegg.htm

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., M.J. Esteban-Parra, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 2000. Signal/noise ratio and co-spectral characteristics of the indices of the NAO. 2ª Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Ed. Instituto Geofísico do Infante D. Luís. Lagos, Portugal, 8-12 Febrero, S13-03, pp. 499-500, http://www.igidl.ul.pt/2alegg.htm

• Castro-Díez, Y., D. Pozo-Vázquez, M.J. Esteban-Parra and F.S. Rodrigo, 2000. Spatial Patterns of winter temperatures in Europe associated with the NAO. 2ª Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica. Ed. Instituto Geofísico do Infante D. Luís. Lagos, Portugal, 8-12 Febrero, S13-02, pp. 497-498, http://www.igidl.ul.pt/2alegg.htm

• Esteban-Parra, M.J., F.S. Rodrigo, D. Pozo-Vázquez and Y. Castro-Díez, 1998. Temporal and spatial variations of the air temperature in Spain during the period 1880-1992. The Second International Climate and History Conference. C.R.U., University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K., 7-11 Septiembre, pp. 38-39, http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/conf/sicch/pr_sep1.htm

• Pozo-Vázquez, D., M.J. Esteban-Parra, F.S. Rodrigo and Y. Castro-Díez, 1998. On the relationships during the last 150 years between temperature in the North Atlantic Land regions and circulation conditions. The Second International Climate and History Conference. C.R.U., University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K., 7-11 Septiembre, pp. 26-27, http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/conf/sicch/pr_sep1.htm

• Rodrigo, F.S., M.J. Esteban-Parra, D. Pozo-Vázquez and Y. Castro-Díez, 1998. Reconstruction and analysis of a 500 years precipitation record in Southern Spain. The Second International Climate and History Conference. C.R.U., University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K., 7-11 Septiembre, pp. 9-10, http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/conf/sicch/pr_sep1.ht