BALLESTER, Rosa; PERDIGUERO, Enrique. Health and Primary Education in the Regenerationist Ideology at the Open Educational Institution (Institución Libre de Enseñanza) (Article in Spanish). Dynamis, 1998, 18, 25-50.

GONZÁLEZ DE PABLO, Ángel. The 1898 Crisis and the New Scientific Institutions: The Creation of Ramón y Cajal's Biological Research Laboratory (Article in Spanish). Dynamis, 1998, 18, 51-79.

ABSTRACT

The neglect of science was considered to be one of the causes of the 1898 crisis and therefore the production of science was regarded at the end of the last century as one of the principal measures to achieve national regeneration. The creation of research institutions, especially for outstanding researchers like Cajal, became a national goal. The press contributed greatly to bring about this goal, and in the case of Cajal, was not only the reporter but also the instigator of the campaign to provide him with his own research centre: the Biological Research Laboratory. This paper analyses the start, development and culmination of this campaign.

PORRAS GALLO, M.ª IsabeThe Antecedents and Creation of the Alfonso XIII Institute of Serotherapy, Inoculation and Bacteriology (Article in Spanish). Dynamis, 1998, 18, 81-105.

SUMMARY

ABSTRACT

This article studies the establishment of the Alfonso XIII Institute of Serotherapy, Inoculation and Bacteriology in 1899, using the general press and the professional-scientific, medical and pharmaceutical press as its prime source. It aims to highlight the principal factors which led to its gestation and later development, as well as the circumstances which led to its creation, by analyzing the antecedents and origins of the aforementioned institution.

RODRÍGUEZ SÁNCHEZ, Juan Antonio. Regenerationist Usage ofWater's Syrnbology Between Decaying Spa Resorts Movement and Kneippist Morals (Article in Spanish). Dynamis, 1998, 18, 107-126.

ABSTRACT

At the end of the 19th century coexisted in Spain several therapies based on the use of water. Some of them were considered orthodox therapies, some were applied as unorthodox medicines, but all of them relied on the symbolism of water to obtain patients. From the point of view of the orthodoxy, the discouse of medical hydrology, thalassotherapy and hydrotherapy tended to exclude unscientific values. The naturist and kneippist movements, on the other hand, frequently used images of water (especially cold water) as a support for their regenerational projects, using both the material and the moral aspects. Therefore, Kneipp's therapy became a kind of Spanish interpretation of the social catholic reforming attitude.

MARTÍNEZ-PÉREZ, José. Re-Establishing the Health of the State: Medicine and National Regeneration Explained Through a Criminal Trial at the Turn of the 19th Century (Article in Spanish). Dynamis, 1998, 18, 127-156.

SUMMARY

ABSTRACT

This article aims to show how the discussions of a criminal trial at the turn of the nineteenth century suffice to shed light on the opinions of the Spanish people on the model of society that they wanted. Specifically, one of the principal aims of the essay is to enquire into the ideas that prevailed at that time on the role of science in the organization of society. Analysis of the discussion which came out of the trial helps to highlight the ways in which various factors influenced the development of medicine, in particular forensic medicine. As a result, the article also hopes to contribute to our understanding of how the discourse on criminality has functioned and changed in Spain.

HUERTAS, Rafael. Degenerate Children: Mental Medicine and «Regenerationism» in Spain at the End of the 19th Century (Article in Spanish). Dynamis, 1998, 18, 157-179.

SUMMARY

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper is to analyse some aspects of the psychiatric and medical-social discourse on the relationship between childhood and insanity in Spain at the end of nineteenth century and during the first third of the twentieth century. We study the principal theories about «degenerate children» (delinquent childhood and anormal childhood) based on two of the most paradigmatic works of the Spanish medical literature: Estudio médico-social del niño golfo by José Sanchis Banús and Los niños mentalmente anormales by Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora.

CARRILLO, Juan Luis. The Health of a City: Seville in the Turn-of-the-Century Crisis (Article in Spanish). Dynamis, 1998, 18, 181-205.

SUMMARY

ABSTRACT

In this article we analyze three projects for urban reform in Seville in which health constitutes a primary element. These three projects are framed within the dialectic process of «degeneration-regeneration» which characterized the last decade of the nineteenth century in Spain, and which was a basic aspect of the collective way of thinking. Healthiness became an argument used by groups and individuals with the objective of defending their interests, in this case, those related to the use of urban space.

CASTELLANOS, Jesús. The Idea of a Healthy City and the Advertising of Malaga (Article in Spanish). Dynamis, 1998, 18, 207-231.

SUMMARY

ABSTRACT

Malaga was advertised as a therapeutic place for tuberculosis since the central years of the 19th century. However, this offering of Malaga as a health resort was opposed by certain foreign authors, who pointed to its exceedingly poor sanitary conditions and its high mortality rates. The need for urban hygiene became stronger due to the social variety of the urban structure and the economic turn-of-the-century failure, and helped to the triomph of the idea of social regeneration through the implementation of sanitation.

BUJOSA, Francesc. Amazing Health Rates in Turn-of-the-Century Majorca (Article in Spanish). Dynamis, 1998, 18, 233-250.

SUMMARY

Turn-of-the-Century Majorca. Denouncement and proposal by Eusebio Estada. A public health movement.

ABSTRACT

Majorca's mortality rates in the turn of the century were the lowest of Spain and nearer to those of the northern European countries than to Mediterranean ones and therefore their «amazing» quality. This paper seeks to contribute to solve that riddle and, as a first step, it reviews the island's demographic conditions and its economic, political and social and cultural context, including the analysis of the development of medical sciences and the sanitary reform of the city of Palma proposed by Eusebio Estada.

CARRILLO LINARES, Alberto. Health Education of the Clergy. The Case of the Conciliar Seminary of Seville in the 1898 Crisis (Article in Spanish). Dynamis, 1998, 18, 251-284.

SUMMARY

1.-Health in the Conciliar Seminaries: a historical approach. 2.-Clergy and medicine in the crisis of 1898. 3.-Health education of the clergy. 3.1.-Education at the Conciliar Seminary of Seville. 3.2.-Appearance of natural history. 3.3.-Texts in natural history, physiology and health. 3.4.-Professors of natural history, physiology and health. 3.5.-Means of dissemination of ideas in hygiene and health. 4.- The sick society and the crisis of 1898.

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present article is to study health education that Sevillian seminarians (apprentice priests) received in the third part of the nineteenth century. The introduction in the seminary of courses on Natural History, Physiology and Health (courses intended to inculcate a moral-hygienic conscience and reinforce the Catholic doctrine -antidarwinism, etc.) was preceded by increasing social awareness of the concept of health. These circumstances, together with the Church's perception of the crisis of the end of the century, conditioned the particular interpretation of that crisis.

JIMÉNEZ LUCENA, Isabel. The Question of Health «Regenerationisrn» and its Debate During the Second Republic: Elements of Class and Ideology (Article in Spanish). Dynamis, 1998, 18, 285-314.

SUMMARY

Introduction. 1.-The health situation and the issue of environment as cause or consequence. 2.- The role of technical services and experts. 3.-Health education: indoctrination, self-control or liberation. 4.-Final reflections.

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes the consensus and conflicts with regard to the criteria for what constituted the «health problem» in Spain and its possible solutions. We start from the assumption that the general idea of change, implicit in the regenerationist project of the end of the nineteenth century, constituted one of the active elements in the proclamation of the Second Republic. We consider three aspects: the critique of a situation in which living conditions had a negative influence on issues of health and disease; the role of technicians or experts in this case physicians ; and the role of educational aspects. As sources we used the labor press, the general press associated with certain ideological options and social groups, and the Diario de Sesiones de las Cortes. We found that different strategies and concrete choices in health issues, and hence diverse practical interests reflecting differences in class, political affiliation and ideology, could be manifested under apparently identical expressions, eg, those related with the action of «regeneration».