As part of a research project on Spanish Enigma machines, I had to gather information on all known Enigma rotors. This is the result. It´s ordered according to its class; unknown class values are left blank. (Due to the fact that some Class 2 values are not known, some of the rotors listed below may refer to the same rotor; lacking further information, I choose to consider them as different rotors). An "W" in the Refs/notes column means the rotor/reflector wiring is known; see beneath the table.
For an explanation of what a class is, please refer to: David H. Hamer, Geoff Sullivan, Frode Weierud: Enigma Variations: An Extended Family of Machines. Cryptologia XXII(3), 211-229 1.998; available at the Cryptologia Home Page. In that paper there is also a description of quite a few Enigma machines.
I´ve included the primary references as far as I know; if there is any other work of author I didn´t include, please let me know. We want to give credit where credit is due, right?
Have something to say? Rotors I know nothing about? I´ll be happy to hear about it. Please contact me: aquirantes at cripto dot es
Class identification (last updated )
| Machine | Rotor | Class 1 | Class 2 |
Refs |
| Italian (BF) | New Red | 1,1,1,23 | 1,4,7,14 | (7) W |
| Italian | Red | 1,1,2,2,3,17 | 2,4,9,11 | (7) W |
| NorEnigma | V | 1,1,2,2,4,16 | 3,23 | (10) W |
| Deutsch K | III | 1,1,2,22 | 1,2,11,12 | (6) W |
| Italian (BF) | New Blue | 1,2,2,2,8,11 | 1,1,2,4,4,14 | (7) W |
| NorEnigma | IV | 1,2,2,3,8,10 | 6,20 | (10) W |
| NorEnigma | I | 1,2,2,21 | 4,22 | (10) W |
| Italian | Green | 1,2,6,17 | 3,4,9,10 | (7) W |
| Sparma01 | II | 1,2,7,16 | 2,3,6,15 | (14) W |
| Railway | III | 1,3,8,14 | 2,5,7,12 | (1) W |
| A6008 | III | 1,3,9,13 | 1,1,1,23 | (5) W |
| Commercial | III | 1,4,9,12 | (4) | |
| Commercial D | III | 1,4,9,12 | 2,3,5,16 | (2) W |
| Deutsch K | I | 1,25 | 1,1,1,2,5,16 | (6) W |
| Deutsch K | II | 1,25 | 1,5,8,12 | (6) W |
| Italian | Purple | 1,25 | 2,24 | (7) W |
| Model T | III | 1,25 | 8,18 | (1) W |
| Service | Beta | 2,2,3,3,7,9 | 1,3,5,17 | (3) W |
| Sparma01 | I | 2,2,7,15 | 3,23 | (14) W |
| Service | IV | 2,2,11,11 | 3,6,8,9 | (3) W |
| Swiss K | III | 2,2,3,19 | 1,1,1,23 | (1),(11) W |
| NorEnigma | II | 2,3,7,14 | 1,1,2,4,9,9 | (10) W |
| NorEnigma | III | 2,3,8,13 | 1,1,1,2,3,18 | (10) W |
| Service | Gamma | 2,3,8,13 | 2,3,9,12 | (3) W |
| Model T | I | 2,4,4,4,5,7 | 5,21 | (1) W |
| Model T | VII | 2,4,6,14 | 2,4,8,12 | (1) W |
| Railway | II | 2,4,8,12 | 2,2,6,16 | (1) W |
| Model T | II | 2,5,7,12 | 8,18 | (1) W |
| Italian | Black | 2,5,8,11 | 2,2,7,15 | (7) W |
| Service | V | 2,6,9,9 | 2,7,8,9 | (3) W |
| Sparma | Black | 2,24 | 1,2,4,9 | (8) W |
| Railway | I | 2,24 | 1,2,5,18 | (1) W |
| Abwehr | III | 2,24 | 2,2,6,16 | (5) W |
| Model T | VIII | 2,24 | 2,3,4,17 | (1) W |
| Service | VI | 2,24 | 2,3,5,16 | (3) W |
| Service | VII | 2,24 | 4,22 | (3) W |
| Italian | Blue | 3,3,5,15 | 3,23 | (7) W |
| Service | I | 3,4,6,13 | 1,2,9,14 | (3) W |
| Enigma K | III | 3,5,8,10 | (4) | |
| SNA | Green | 3,5,8,10 | 3,5,5,13 | (8),(9) W |
| Swiss K | I | 3,7,7,9 | 1,2,3,20 | (1),(11) W |
| Abwehr | I | 3,23 | 4,22 | (5) W |
| Abwehr GGG | Blue | 3,23 | 6,20 | (12) W |
| Italian | New Green | 3,23 | 10,16 | (7) W |
| Swiss K4 | III | 4,5,6,11 | 8,18 | (11) W |
| Italian (BF) | Sepia | 4,5,7,10 | 1,5,8,12 | (7) W |
| A6008 | I | 4,22 | 1,1,2,5,8,9 | (5) W |
| Sparma | Purple | 4,22 | 2,2,9,13 | (8) W |
| Sparma01 | III | 4,22 | 3,23 | (14) W |
| Abwehr GGG | Red | 4,22 | 8,18 | (12) W |
| Service | VII | 4,5,5,12 | 2,24 | (1) W |
| Abwehr GGG | Green | 5,21 | 3,23 | (12),(13) W |
| Model T | VI | 5,21 | 3,23 | (1),(13) W |
| Service | III | 6,6,7,7 | 1,1,6,18 | (3) W |
| Abwehr | II | 6,20 | 2,24 | (5) W |
| Commercial | II | 7,19 | (4) | |
| Enigma K | I | 7,19 | (4) | |
| Model T | V | 7,19 | 4,22 | (1) W |
| Commercial D | II | 7,19 | 6,20 | (2) W |
| SNA | Red | 7,19 | 13,13 | (8),(9) W |
| Swiss K4 | I | 8,18 | 1,1,1,2,6,15 | (11) W |
| Commercial | I | 8,18 | (4) | |
| Swiss K | II | 8,18 | 1,1,2,4,17 | (1),(11) W |
| Commercial D | I | 8,18 | 2,24 | (2) W |
| Swiss K4 | II | 8,18 | 8,18 | (11) W |
| Service | II | 10,16 | 5,7,7,7 | (3) W |
| Enigma K | II | 12,14 | (4) | |
| SNA | Blue | 12,14 | 2,3,8,13 | (8),(9) W |
| Model T | IV | 13,13 | 1,7,8,10 | (1) W |
| Sparma | Green | 13,13 | 10,16 | (8) W |
| Machine | Reflector | Class 1 | Class 2 | Refs/notes |
| Enigma K | UKW | 1,1,9,15 | (4) | |
| Commercial | UKW | 1,1,2,22 | (4) | |
| Commercial D | UKW | 1,1,2,22 | 1,6,19 | (2) W |
| Italian | UKW | 1,1,2,22 | 1,6,19 | (7) W |
| Swiss K | UKW | 1,1,2,22 | 1,6,19 | (1),(11) W |
| SNA | UKW | 1,1,2,22 | 1,6,19 | (8),(9) W |
| BF | UKW | 1,1,2,22 | 1,6,19 | (13), W |
| Deutsch K | UKW | 1,2,2,3,4,14 | 2,6,18 | (6) W |
| Service | UKW A | 1,2,2,4,8,9 | 1,2,23 | (3),(4) W |
| Model T | UKW | 1,2,5,18 | 1,8,17 | (1) W |
| Service | Thin B | 1,4,5,16 | 1,2,2,6,15 | (3) W |
| Sparma | UKW | 1,5,8,12 | 1,8,17 | (8) W |
| Service | Thin C | 1,25 | 1,2,3,3,4,8 | (3) W |
| Service | UKW B | 1,7,8,10 | 1,1,2,2,4,5,11 | (3) W |
| Service | UKW C | 2,2,9,13 | 1,2,6,8,9 | (3) W |
| Abwehr GGG | UKW | 2,2,6,16 | 1,9,16 | (12) W |
| NorEnigma | UKW | 2,4,6,14 | 26 | (10) W |
| Railway | UKW | 2,24 | 1,5,20 | (1) W |
| Abwehr | UKW | 10,16 | 1,5,20 | (5) W |
Wiring information
"Notch" gives the location of the notch on the alphabet ring; "Window" gives the letter appearing in the window when the notch is engaged in its turnover position; please remember that some wheels are multi-notched, and that reflectors (UKW) have no notches. Unless otherwise noted, ringstellung is in neutral position (A). Alphabets are progressing clockwise as viewed for the direction the signal comes from (right to left, or "pins to plates"). Unknown notch/window information is labeled with ?. In some cases, ringstellung is unknown. Rotor entry is: ABCDE...
Wheel Wiring Notch/window
A6008 - I LVAWD KEJGM IHORN SQYPB ZCFTXU Y Q
A6008 - III WYKEX FINHQ OPJRL TMSAC VGBUZD D V
Abwehr - I DMTWS ILRUY QNKFE JCAZB PGXOHV ACDEH IJKMN OQSTW XY (Notches)
SUVWZ ABCEF GIKLO PQ (Windows)
Abwehr - II HQZGP JTMOB LNCIF DYAWV EUSRKX ABDGH IKLNO PSUVY (Notches)
STVYZ ACDFG HKMNQ (Windows)
Abwehr - III UQNTL SZFMR EHDPX KIBVY GJCWOA CEFIM NPSUV Z (Notches)
UWXAE FHKMN R (Windows)
Abwehr - UKW RULQM ZJSYG OCETK DWAHN BXPVIF - -
Abwehr GGG - Red ALEBH ONCWY XMFTK UPDVJ RZGISQ Y ?
Abwehr GGG - Blue ATQEL DPKBG UWORN JFXIY CHSZVM N ?
Abwehr GGG - Green AJTWP UDKYO CSGMX VLNQH ERFIZB E ?
Abwehr GGG - UKW DNMAL PIQGR WECBV FHJXZ YOKSUT - -
(Warning: wiring info assumes "pins to plates" rotor orientation"; see note 12)
BF - Red YIXDE LOKAS CRQBV WMTUH NGFPJZ ? ?
BF - Blue SWRAG OIVEQ LFXHP KDUJT MNCYBZ ? ?
BF - Sepia XBMSE JQUAF LWTKN HDPGC RIYVOZ ? ?
BF - UKW IMETC GFRAY SQBZX WLHKD VUPOJN - -
Commercial D - I LPGSZ MHAEO QKVXR FYBUT NICJDW G Y
Commercial D - II SLVGB TFXJQ OHEWI RZYAM KPCNDU M E
Commercial D - III CJGDP SHKTU RAWZX FMYNQ OBVLIE V N
Commercial D - UKW IMETC GFRAY SQBZX WLHKD VUPOJN - -
Deutsch K - I WKCPV NTLQA EZGFI DRBHM SXYOUJ ? ?
Deutsch K - II FHWXO RNLPK AIZUT BDJCE MVSQYG ? ?
Deutsch K - III AYNKW IJDMT UXQER GSCPO ZBFVLH ? ?
Deutsch K - UKW RMGZO KCXWV FYBQE SNAPU TJIHLD
(Unknown Ringstellung)
Italian - Red QXHFI TZCOM KWDAN UYSRL JPGEVB Unknown
Italian - Blue VLUQX MSKZI PJGRE DYCTW AHFONB Unknown
Italian - Green GUKIT ZRYWH FPSOE LNACM XVDJQB Unknown
Italian - Black SWMKX LIVQO JCBUE NDATF RYHPGZ Unknown
Italian - Purple VMTRU JDFSG WYZNX QKIHP AOECLB Unknown
Italian - Sepia XBMSE JQUAF LWTKN HDPGC RIYVOZ Unknown
Italian - New Red (BF) YIXDE LOKAS CRQBV WMTUH NGFPJZ Unknown
Italian - New Blue (BF) SWRAG OIVEQ LFXHP KDUJT MNCYBZ Unknown
Italian - New Green (BF) GVTOL KHCAQ JYSRD XMPEW NZFUIB Unknown
Italian - UKW PJHSQ ONCYB UMLGF AEZDV KTXWIR - -
(Unknown Ringstellung)
Model T - I KPTYU ELOCV GRFQD ANJMB SWHZXI EHMSY WZEKQ
Model T - II UPHZL WEQMT DJXCA KSOIG VBYFNR EHNTZ WZFLR
Model T - III QUDLY RFEKO NVZAX WHMGP JBSICT EHMSY WZEKQ
Model T - IV CIWTB KXNRE SPFLY DAGVH QUOJZM EHNTZ WZFLR
Model T - V UAXGI SNJBV ERDYL FZWTP CKOHMQ GKNSZ YCFKR
Model T - VI XFUZG ALVHC NYSEW QTDMR BKPIOJ FMQUY XEIMQ
Model T - VII BJVFT XPLNA YOZIK WGDQE RUCHSM GKNSZ YCFKR
Model T - VIII YMTPN ZHWKO DAJXE LUQVG CBISFR FMQUY XEIMQ
Model T - UKW GEKPB TAUMO CNILJ DXZYF HWVQSR - -
(Also known as "Tirpitz")
NorEnigma - I WTOKA SUYVR BXJHQ CPZEF MDINLG Y Q
NorEnigma - II GJLPU BSWEM CTQVH XAOFZ DRKYNI M E
NorEnigma - III JWFMH NBPUS DYTIX VZGRQ LAOEKC D V
NorEnigma - IV FGZJM VXEPB WSHQT LIUDY KCNRAO R J
NorEnigma - V HEJXQ OTZBV FDASC ILWPG YNMURK H Z
NorEnigma - UKW B MOWJY PUXND SRAIB FVLKZ GQCHET - -
Railway - I JGDQO XUSCA MIFRV TPNEW KBLZYH V N
Railway - II NTZPS FBOKM WRCJD IVLAE YUXHGQ M E
Railway - III JVIUB HTCDY AKEQZ POSGX NRMWFL G Y
Railway - UKW QYHOG NECVP UZTFD JAXWM KISRBL - -
Service - I EKMFL GDQVZ NTOWY HXUSP AIBRCJ Y Q
Service - II AJDKS IRUXB LHWTM CQGZN PYFVOE M E
Service - III BDFHJ LCPRT XVZNY EIWGA KMUSQO D V
Service - IV ESOVP ZJAYQ UIRHX LNFTG KDCMWB R J
Service - V VZBRG ITYUP SDNHL XAWMJ QOFECK H Z
Service - VI JPGVO UMFYQ BENHZ RDKAS XLICTW HU ZM
Service - VII NZJHG RCXMY SWBOU FAIVL PEKQDT HU ZM
Service - VIII FKQHT LXOCB JSPDZ RAMEW NIUYGV HU ZM
Service - Beta LEYJV CNIXW PBQMD RTAKZ GFUHOS - -
Service - Gamma FSOKA NUERH MBTIY CWLQP ZXVGJD - -
Service - UKW A EJMZA LYXVB WFCRQ UONTS PIKHGD
Service - UKW B YRUHQ SLDPX NGOKM IEBFZ CWVJAT
Service - UKW C FVPJI AOYED RZXWG CTKUQ SBNMHL
Service - UKW Thin B ENKQA UYWJI COPBL MDXZV FTHRGS
Service - UKW Thin C RDOBJ NTKVE HMLFC WZAXG YIPSUQ
SNA Red KEDXV BSQHN CZTRU FLOAY WIPMJG L F
SNA Blue NUJPH WFMGD OBAVZ QTXEC LKYSIR U O
SNA Green CIAHF QOYBX NUWJL VGEMS ZKPDTR F Z
SNA UKW IMETC GFRAY SQBZX WLHKD VUPOJN - -
Sparma Green IPFWZ KXSBN LUOAV RMGCJ YHEDQT ? ?
Sparma Black QDOYN XLBWM JHTGS EAZFR VUCIPK ? ?
Sparma Purple LUKFR ZIMSN ADWBP JXQHC GYTOEV ? ?
Sparma UKW ERUOA LJVNG TFYID ZSBQK CHXWMP
(Unknown Ringstellung)
Sparma01 - I LPGSZ MHAEO QKVXR FYBUT NICJDW G Y
Sparma01 - II SLVGB TFXJQ OHEWI RZYAM KPCNDU M E
Sparma01 - III CJGDP SHKTU RAWZX FMYNQ OBVLIE V N
Swiss K - I PEZUO HXSCV FMTBG LRINQ JWAYDK G Y
Swiss K - II ZOUES YDKFW PCIQX HMVBL GNJRAT M E
Swiss K - III EHRVX GAOBQ USIMZ FLYNW KTPDJC V N
Swiss K - UKW IMETC GFRAY SQBZX WLHKD VUPOJN - -
Swiss K4 - I FKOQB LHNAP WDRUY SVGJE XMTCZI ? ?
Swiss K4 - II VMWJN PAUTI FXBYG DZCRQ KHOLSE ? ?
Swiss K4 - III CFRWA OMTJQ DVELB ZSHKG PNYUXI ? ?
(Unknown Ringstellung)
References and notes:
(1) David H. Hamer, Geoff Sullivan, Frode Weierud: Enigma Variations: An Extended Family of Machines. Cryptologia XXII(3), 211-229, 1998. Rotor IV of Model T obtained from NARA records by Philip Mark.
(2) Cipher Deavours, Louis Kruh: The Commercial Enigma: Beginnings of Machine Cryptography. Cryptologia XXVI(1), 1-16, 2002. See also NARA Record Group 457, NSA Historical Collection, Box 1344, Nr. 4083: Solution of the Commercial Enigma Machine (in English). Dated Februrary 25, 1944.
(3) Tony Sale: Technical specifications of the Enigma Rotors. http://www.codesandciphers.org.uk/enigma/rotorspec.htm
(4) Alan Turing, Treatise on the Enigma (a.k.a. "The Prof´s book"). For Enigma K, see also refs. (8) , (9)
(5) David H. Hamer, G-312: An Abwehr Enigma. Two Army/GAF rotors marked A6008 (I, III) with non-standard wiring; and standard Abwehr Enigma rotors/reflector. All of them are now at Bletchley Park.
(6) NARA Record Group 457, NSA Historical Collection, Box 1098, Nr. 3448: Analysis of the cipher machine "Enigma", type K (in German). Date around 1945. Includes three rotors labelled I, II, and III, plus reflector wiring. I called them Deutsch K for lack of a better name.
(7) Keith and Mavis Batey, personal communication. Data from BP Trust. "BF" stands for "BF Machine", which BP (Bletchley Park) thought was a different machine; it was, in fact, just a new set of rotors for the Italian machine (the BF UKW is the same as the old one; BP was mislaid because the wiring details used different positions of the UKW).
(8) Sparma and SNA refer to the Enigma machine used by the Spanish military and naval attachés in Rome and Berlin during WWII. Information from American (NARA) and British (PRO) archives, several items. Rotor class information from SNA are equal to those of Enigma K (see Ref. 4): SNA Red = Enigma K Rotor I; SNA Blue = Enigma K Rotor II; SNA Green = Enigma K Rotor III. BP files also list three Italian rotors (Red Obsolete, Blue Obsolete, Green obsolete, UKW) whose wirings are equivalent to SNA Red, Blue, Green, UKW.
(9) Wiring and notch/windows data were taken by the author by measurement on rotors I, II, III of Enigma Model K nº A-1216 on display at the Military History Museum, Madrid (Spain) [Beware if you want to go see it! The MHM is currently moving to a new location in Toledo, please ask before getting there]. Wiring information is equal to that of SNA (see Ref. 8): SNA Red = A-1216 Rotor II; SNA Blue = A-1216 Rotor III; SNA Green = A-1216 Rotor I. Please note that rotor designation I, II, III difers from that of Ref. 4.
(10) Wiring onfirmation courtesy David Hamer. NorEnigma (Norway Enigma) is a term coined by Frode Weierud to designate the rewired Army/GAF Enigma used by the Norwegian Police Special Branch [Overvaakingspolitiet] in the years following WW2. Apart from the rewiring of the wheels and the UKW it is in all respects identical to the standard Army/GAF machine. Some references lists the wiring of the NorEnigma V rotor as ...ILWPG YNMURI, an obvious mistake as it would include two I's; the correct wiring is ...ILWPG YNMURK
(11) The Swiss Enigma was frequently rewired, so more than one wiring set is known. Swiss K was measured in a K797 Swiss Air Force Enigma in 1997 by David Hamer (see e.g. Ref. 1). Swiss K4 (Verdrähtung 4, or wiring 4) comes from a Swiss document dated 14 December 1942, as quoted by Dr. Heinz Ulbricht (Die Chiffriermaschine Enigma - Trügerische Sicherhite; Ein Betrag zur Geschichte der Nachrichtendienste, Ph.D. thesis, April 2005, page 14).
(12) GGG is a commercial Enigma machine, with rewired rotors, used by Abwehr stations in Southern Spain for watching British shipping moves in the Strait of Gibraltar. Wiring data courtesy Keith and Mavis Batey. WARNING: the above wiring info is "pins to plates". However, original docs are unclear at that point. If the wiring info was obtained by ISK, it would be "plates to pins" Class info would be the same in either case.
(13) Model T VI and GGG Green have the same Class 1 and Class 2 values. However, they do NOT represent the same rotor wiring, as their Class 3 show (4,22 for GGG Green; 11,15 for Model T VI). So far, it´s the only rotors with this feature (sema Class1 and Class2 values).
(14) Spanish Enigmas were rewired several times (see note 8). Sparma01 (my notation) is a set of rewired Commercial Enigma rotors recently found at the Spanish Army Headquarters (Estado Mayor del Ejército). Rotor wiring information taken by the author in February 2009 on A-1233. Sparma01 rotor wiring is the same as Commercial D