label replace by 10th aniversary issue 21st century 3d tem three dimensional transmission electron microsco 66phenyl 66phenyl c aao anodic aluminum oxide absorption spectra absorption spectrum acad academia acs nano acta acta mater acta materialia acta materialia inc acta materialia inc published acta materialia inc publishing adc adiation hard analog to digital converter adi angular differential imaging aes auger electron spectroscopy afm atomic force microscopy afm cantilever atomic force microscopy cantilever ag agcl silver chloride ag content silver content ag cu silver copper ag ion silver ion ag nanocluster silver nanocluster ag nanocube silver nanocube ag nanoparticle silver nanoparticle ag nanostructure silver nanostructure ag nanowire silver nanowire ag ncs silver nanocrystal ag nanocrystal silver nanocrystal ag np silver nanoparticle ag nps silver nanoparticle ag nw silver nanowire ag nws silver nanowire ag particle silver particle ag shell silver shell ag substrate silver substrate agcl silver chloride agnp silver nanoparticle agnps silver nanoparticle agnr armchair graphene nanoribbon aie aggregation induced emission aie aggregation induced emission al alloy aluminum alloy al atom aluminum atom al composite aluminum composite al electrode aluminum electrode al layer aluminum layer al matrix aluminum matrix al matrix composite aluminum matrix composite alcvd atomic layer deposition ald atomic layer deposition ald technique atomic layer deposition technique ale atomic layer deposition alg alginate algan gan hemt algan gan high electron mobility transistor alloy c alloy composition alloys c alloy composition alq aluminum aluminium aluminum aluminium alloy aluminum alloy aluminium foam aluminum foam aluminium matrix composite aluminum matrix composite aluminum doped zinc oxide al doped zno aluminum oxide aao anodic aluminum oxide american american institute american vacuum american vacuum society american vacuum society doi ami acute myocardial infarction amine group amino group amorphous si amorphous silicon apcvd atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition april aps triethoxysilane aptes apte arb accumulative roll bonding arch art review article ascorbic acid aa ascorbic acid ase amplified spontaneous emission asp aerosol spray pyrolysis atomic force microscope atomic force microscope atomic force microscope afm atomic force microscope atomic h atomic hydrogen atomic layer chemical vapor deposition atomic layer deposition atomic layer deposition ald atomic layer deposition atomic layer epitaxy atomic layer deposition au atom gold atom au catalyst gold catalyst au cluster gold cluster au contact gold contact au core gold core au electrode gold electrode au nanocage gold nanocage au nanoparticle gold nanoparticle au nanorod gold nanorod au nanoshell gold nanoshell au nanosphere gold nanosphere au nanowire gold nanowire au np gold nanoparticle au nr gold nanorod au nrs gold nanorod au particle gold particle au seed gold seed au shell gold shell au substrate gold substrate au surface gold surface august aunc gold nanocrystal auncs gold nanocrystal aunp gold nanoparticle aunps gold nanoparticle aunrs gold nanorod aurn gold nanorod australia austria available literature available technique az31 magnesium alloy az31 az31 magnesium alloy magnesium alloy az31 az31 mg alloy magnesium alloy az31 azo film al doped zno film bandedge band edge bandgap band gap bandgap emission band gap emission bandgap energy band gap energy bandgap engineering band gap engineering bandgap excitation band gap excitation basic aspect batteries battery bchl bacteriochlorophyll bet brunauer emmett teller bfo bifeo bhj bulk heterojunction bilayer lipid membrane bilayer lipid membrane biomedical applications biomedical application bjt bipolar junction transistor blm bilayer lipid membrane blms bilayer lipid membrane blueshift blue shift bmg bulk metallic glass bmgs bulk metallic glass bn nanotube boron nitride nanotube bnnt boron nitride nanotube bnnts boron nitride nanotube book boron nitride nanotubes boron nitride nanotube brief overview brief review brief summary brief survey bright future bsa bovine serum albumin btc block truncation coding bulk heterojunction solar cells bulk heterojunction solar cell bulk metallic glass bmg bulk metallic glass bulk si bulk silicon butyric acid methyl ester pcbm butyric acid methyl ester c f carbon fluorine c v capacitance voltage c v characteristic capacitance voltage characteristic c v curf capacitance voltage curf c v f capacitance voltage frequency c v measurement capacitance voltage measurement c2h2 acetylene c2h4 ethene cancer cells cancer cell carbon filaments carbon fibres carbon nanofiber carbon nanofibre carbon nanofibers carbon nanofibre carbon nanotube cnt carbon nanotube carbon nanotubes carbon nanotube carbon nanotubes cnt carbon nanotube carbon nanotubes cnts carbon nanotube careful design ccg chemically converted graphene ccvd catalytic chemical vapor deposition cd m candela per square metre cds cadmiun sulfide cds ncs cds nanocrystal cds qd cds quantum dot cds qds cds quantum dot cds quantum dots cds quantum dot cdse nanocrystals cdse nanocrystal cdse nanorods cdse nanorod cdse nanorods cdse nanorod cdse nanowires cdse nanowire cdse ncs cdse nanocrystal cdse qd cdse quantum dot cdse qds cdse quantum dot cdse quantum dots cdse quantum dot cdse zns qds cdse zns quantum dot cdte nanocrystals cdte nanocrystal cdte ncs cdte nanocrystal cdte qd cdte quantum dot cdte qds cdte quantum dot cdte quantum dots cdte quantum dot cell behaviour cell behavior cells cell ceria ceo2 cerium oxide ceo2 cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ctab cetyltrimethylammonium bromide cf carbon fibres cfrp carbon fibre reinforced plastics ch3 methyl group ch4 methane chc channel hot carrier chem chemical field effect transistor chemfet chemical vapor deposition cvd chemical vapor deposition chemical vapor deposition method chemical vapor deposition chemical vapor deposition pecvd plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition chemical vapour deposition chemical vapor deposition china chl chlorophyll cl sprectra cathodoluminescence spectra clsm confocal laser scanning microscopy cmc critical micelle concentration cmr colossal magnetoresistance cncp calcium phosphate nanoparticle cnf carbon nanofibre cnfet carbon nanotube field effect transistor cnfets carbon nanotube field effect transistor cnfs carbon nanofibre cnt carbon nanotube cnt array carbon nanotube array cnt fets carbon nanotube field effect transistor cnt growth carbon nanotube growth cnt interconnect carbon nanotube interconnect cnt surface carbon nanotube surface cntfet carbon nanotube field effect transistor cnts carbon nanotube cnx nitrogen doped co2 carbon dioxide coc cyclic olefin copolymer colloidal qd colloidal quantum dot colloidal quantum dots colloidal quantum dot combined approach combined result commentary common feature common method companion paper complementary metal oxide semiconductor cmos complementary metal oxide semiconductor device cmos device comprehensive overview comprehensive review computed tomography x ray computed tomography concise review conclusion conductive atomic force microscope conductive atomic force microscopy conjugated polymers conjugated polymer coo cobalt oxide cooperation copyright core shell qd core shell quantum dot corrosion behaviour corrosion behavior country cpnp calcium phosphate nanoparticle cqd colloidal quantum dot creative commons attribution creative commons attribution license creep behaviour creep behavior critical analysis crn carbothermal reduction nitridation crown copyright crystallisation behaviour crystallization behavior ct x ray computed tomography ctab cetyltrimethylammonium bromide cu alloy copper alloy cu atom copper atom cu diffusion copper diffusion cu film copper film cu foil copper foil cu matrix copper matrix cu metallization copper metallization cu substrate copper substrate cuo cupric oxide curie temperature t curie temperature current development current literature current method current paper current problem current research activity current review current status current trend cv cyclic voltammetry cvd chemical vapor deposition cvd reactor chemical vapor deposition reactor cyclic voltammetry cv cyclic voltammetry cys cysteine cyt c cytochrome c d b b diffusivity d f fractal dimension day dda discrete dipole approximation december deformation behaviour deformation behavior deformation twin deformation twinning density functional density function theory density functional calculation density functional theory calculation density functional method density functional theory method density functional study density functional theory study density functional theory calculations density functional theory calculation density functional theory dft density function theory density functional theory dft calculation density functional theory calculation deoxyribonucleic acid dna dep dielectrophoretic dep force dielectrophoretic force dfb laser distributed feedback laser dft density function theory dft calculation density functional theory calculation dft calculations density functional theory calculation dft level density functional theory level dft method density functional theory method dft result density functional theory result dft study density functional theory study diabete diabetes differential scanning calorimeter differential scanning calorimetry differential scanning calorimetry dsc differential scanning calorimetry diodes diode direct direct bandgap direct band gap direct methanol fuel cells direct methanol fuel cell direct writing discipline dl double layer dlls dynamic laser light scattering dls dynamic light scattering dma nn dimethylacetamide dmac nn dimethylacetamide dnafet dna field effect transistor doi doi101002 dos density of states dox doxorubicin drs diffuse reflectance spectroscopy drx dynamic recrystallisation dsc differential scanning calorimetry dscs dye sensitized solar cell dssc dye sensitized solar cell dsscs dye sensitized solar cell dta differential thermal analysis duv deep ultraviolet dvb divinylbenzene dwcnt double walled carbon nanotube dwcnts double walled carbon nanotube dwnts double walled nanotube dx doi org dxrl deep x ray lithography dye sensitized solar cell dssc dye sensitized solar cell dye sensitized solar cells dye sensitized solar cell dye sensitized solar cells dssc dye sensitized solar cell dynamic light scattering dl dynamic light scattering dynamic recrystallization dynamic recrystallisation e paper ebl electron beam lithography ebsd electron backscatter diffraction eca equal channel angular pressing ecae equal channel angular pressing ecae deformation equal channel angular pressing deformation ecap equal channel angular pressing ecs endothelial cell edax energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy editorial edl electrical double layer eds energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy edx energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy edxma energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy eels electron energy loss spectroscopy eet forster resonance energy transfer egfr epidermal growth factor receptor eis electrochemical impedance spectroscopy electrical characteristics electrical characteristic electrochemical behaviour electrochemical behavior electrochemical capacitors electrochemical capacitor electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ei electrochemical impedance spectroscopy electrochemical properties electrochemical property electron beam lithography ebl electron beam lithography electron microscope sem scanning electron microscope electron microscopy sem scanning electron microscopy electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis x ray photoeon spectroscopy electron tomography electron microscopy tomography electron trapping electron trap electronic energy transfer forster resonance energy transfer electronic properties electronic property electronic transport properties electronic transport property elsevier elsevier b v elsevier bm elsevier bv elsevier inc elsevier ltd elsevier science elsevier science b v elsevier science bv elsevier science bv ail right elsevier science by elsevier science inc elsevier science ltd elsevier science sa em electron microscopy emission spectra emission spectrum encouraging result endothelial cells endothelial cell energy bandgap energy band gap energy dispersive spectrometry energy dispersive x ray spectrometry energy dispersive spectroscopy energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy energy dispersive x ray energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy energy dispersive x ray analysis energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy energy dispersive x ray microanalysis energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy edx energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy enhanced mechanical properties enhanced mechanical property enhanced mechanical properties enhanced mechanical property entire area epr electron paramagnetic resonance equal channel equal channel angular pressing equal channel angular equal channel angular pressing equal channel angular extrusion equal channel angular pressing equal channel angular extrusion ecae equal channel angular pressing error budget esca x ray photoelectron spectroscopy escherichia coil escherichia coli esr electron spin resonance et electron microscopy tomography ethylene glycol eg ethylene glycol europe euv extreme ultraviolet lithography euv il extreme ultraviolet interference lithography euv lithography extreme ultraviolet lithography euvl extreme ultraviolet lithography evs electron vibrational spectroscopy exafs extended x ray absorption fine structure exo iii exonuclease iii exo iii exonuclease iii experimental literature extensive set f cm force per centimeter f cnt functionalized carbon nanotubes f cnts functionalized carbon nanotubes fast recovery epitaxial field effect transistor fredfet fast reverse epitaxial field effect transistor fredfet fatigue behaviour fatigue behavior fdtd finite difference time domain fdtd calculation finite difference time domain calculation fdtd method finite difference time domain method fdtd simulation finite difference time domain simulation fe sem field emission scanning electron microscopy fe3o4 iron oxide fe3o4 nanoparticle iron oxide nanoparticle february feg sem field emission gun scanning electron microscopy fem field emission microscopy fepc iron phthalocyanine fesem field emission scanning electron microscopy fet field effect transistor fets field effect transistor few hour few micrometer few millisecond few nm few percent few second fgm funtional grandient materials fib focused ion beam field emission properties field emission property fim field ion microscope finite difference time domain fdtd method finite difference time domain method finite element method fem finite element method finite element modeling finite element model first approximation first principles calculations first principles calculation fitc fluorescein isothiocyanate flexible substrates flexible substrate flg few layer graphene flow behaviour flow behavior fluorescence resonance energy transfer forster resonance energy transfer fluorescence resonance energy transfer fret forster resonance energy transfer fluorescent msn fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticle focused ion beam fib focused ion beam fracture behaviour fracture behavior fret forster resonance energy transfer front cover fsw friction stir welding ft ir fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ft ir spectroscopy fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ft spectroscopy fourier transformed spectroscopy ftir fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ftir spectroscopy fourier transform infrared spectroscopy fuel cells fuel cell functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube functionalized multi walled carbon nanotube functionalized mwcnt functionalized multi walled carbon nanotube functionalized mwcnts functionalized multi walled carbon nanotube fundamental advance fundamental research further evidence further research future future advance future prospect future research future research direction future trend gaas nanowires gaas nanowire gaas nws gaas nanowire gamma al2o3 gamma alumina gan hemts gan hemt gan nws gan nanowire gas sensing properties gas sensing property gcx glycocalyx ge nanocrystal germanium nanocrystal ge nanoparticle germanium nanoparticle ge nanostructure germanium nanostructure ge nanowire germanium nanowire ge nws germanium nanowire gem gemcitabine gem gemcitabine general approach general feature general introduction general method genws germanium nanowire germanium nanowires germanium nanowire germany gfp green fluorescent protein glass transition glass transition temperature glass transition temperature tg glass transition temperature glassy carbon electrode gce glassy carbon electrode glucose oxidase god glucose oxidase glucose oxidase gox glucose oxidase gmr giant magnetoresistance gnfs gnf gnp graphene nanoparticle gnps graphene nanoparticle gnr graphene nanoribbon gnrs graphene nanoribbon gns graphene nanosheet gnss graphene nanosheet go graphite oxide go surface graphene oxide surface god glucose oxidase gold au gold gold nanoparticles gold nanoparticle gold nanoparticles aunp gold nanoparticle gold nanoparticles gnp gold nanoparticle gold nanorods gold nanorod gold nanowires gold nanowire gold np gold nanoparticle good contrast good scientfic paper good scientific paper gox glucose oxidase gqd graphene quantum dot graphene nanoribbons graphene nanoribbon graphene nanosheets graphene nanosheet graphene oxide go graphene oxide graphene quantum dots graphene quantum dot graphene sheets graphene sheet graphite oxide go graphite oxide great benefit great contribution great value greece gsh glutathione gss graphene sheet h bn hexagonal boron nitride h2o2 hydrogen peroxide h2s hydrogen sulfide h2so4 sulfuric acid hafnia hafnium oxide hap hydroxyapatite haucl4 chloroauric acid hcooh formic acid hemt high electron mobility transistor hemts high electron mobility transistor heterostructure fet high electron mobility transistor hfet high electron mobility transistor hfo2 hafnium oxide hgn hollow gold nanosphere high contrast high efficiency dye sensitized solar cells high efficiency dye sensitized solar cell high number high pressure torsion hpt high pressure torsion high resolution transmission electron microscopy hrtem high resolution transmission electron microscopy high strain high strain rate high strain rate high strain rate historical development hmsc human mesenchymal stem cell homoepi homoepitaxy hopg pyrolytic graphite horseradish peroxidase hrp horseradish peroxidase hplc high performance liquid chromatography hpt high pressure torsion hr tem high resolution transmission electron microscopy hreels high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy hrp horseradish peroxidase hrtem high resolution transmission electron microscopy hrxps high resolution x ray photoelectron spectroscopy hsa human serum albumin hsq hydrogen silsesquioxane http huvec human umbilical vein endothelial cell hybrid solar cells hybrid solar cell hybridization hybridisation i d 1d i v characteristic current voltage characteristic i v curve current voltage curve ieee trans iii v immobilization immobilisation important subject important task important way inas nanowires inas nanowire inas qds inas quantum dot inc inc published indirect bandgap indirect band gap indium tin oxide ito indium tin oxide individual cnt individual carbon nanotube individual qd individual quantum dot initial result ink jet printing inkjet printing institute intense research international conference international technology roadmap invited paper ion sensitive field effect transistor isfet ionic liquids ionic liquid ipce solar cell efficiency ipes inverse photoelectron spectroscopy ir range infrared range ir spectra ir spectrum iran iron oxide nanoparticles iron oxide nanoparticle italy ito indium tin oxide ito anode indium tin oxide anode ito coated glass substrate indium tin oxide coated glass substrate ito film indium tin oxide film ito glass substrate indium tin oxide glass substrate ito layer indium tin oxide layer ito surface indium tin oxide surface izo indium zinc oxide j appl j v j vac january japan jj josephson junction john wiley & sons john wiley & sons inc wiley interdiscipl rev nanomed nanobiotechnol john wiley & sons inc wires nanomed nanobiotechnol journal july junction field effect transistor jfet june k omega sq k omega square key area key issue key requirement key strategy keywords kj m kj mol kj mole kj mol kjmol kj mol koh potassium hydroxide kpfm kelvin probe force microscopy k-resolved ipe spectrometry k resolved inverse photoelectron spectroscopy kripes k resolved inverse photoelectron spectroscopy krips k resolved inverse photoelectron spectroscopy kw cm kilowatts per square centrimetre larger qd larger quantum dot last decade last few year last year latest advance latest advance latest progress latest result lce liquid crystalline elastomer lcst lower critical solution temperature ldh layered double hydroxides ldhs layered double hydroxides ldi laser desorbtion ionisation mass spectrometry lead sulfide nanocrystal pbs nanocrystal led light emitting diode leds light emitting diode leed low energy electron diffraction leem low energy electron microscopy letter lhm left handed metamaterial li ion batteries lithium ion battery li ion battery lithium ion battery library literature review lithium ion batteries lithium ion battery loc lab on a chip localized surface plasmon localized surface plasmon resonance localized surface plasmon resonance lspr localized surface plasmon resonance lod limit of detection low bandgap low band gap low pressure chemical vapour deposition low pressure chemical vapor deposition low temperature pl spectra low temperature photoluminescence spectra lower extent lower extent lpcvd low pressure chemical vapor deposition lpe liquid phase epitaxy lpne lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition lspr localized surface plasmon resonance lsprs localized surface plasmon resonance ltd luminescence properties luminescence property luminescence spectra luminescence spectrum m swnt metallic single walled carbon nanotube m swnts metallic single walled carbon nanotube ma mm milliampere per millimetre magnetic behaviour magnetic behavior magnetic nanoparticles magnetic nanoparticle magnetic nanoparticles mnp magnetic nanoparticle magnetic resonance imaging mri magnetic resonance imaging mahg mah g main class main concern main purpose major advantage major approach major challenge major concern major finding major improvement maldi matrix assisted laser desorption ionization masstrometry mammalian cells mammalian cell many advantage many decade many process many strategy march materials & method materials c material c materials research material research materials science material science may mbe molecular beam epitaxy md molecular dynamics md result molecular dynamics result md simulation molecular dynamics simulations mechanical behaviour mechanical behavior mechanical properties mechanical property mef metal enhanced fluorescence meg multiple exciton generation mems microelectromechanical systems mens nanoelectromechanical systems mesa modules for experiments in stellar astrophysics mesenchymal stem cells mesenchymal stem cell mesoporous silica nanoparticles mesoporous silica nanoparticle mesoporous silica nanoparticles mesoporous silica nanoparticle mesoporous silicas mesoporous silica metal organic chemical vapor deposition metalorganic chemical vapor deposition metal organic frameworks metal organic framework metal organic vapour phase epitaxy metalorganic chemical vapor deposition metal oxide semiconductor mos metal oxide semiconductor capacitor mos capacitor metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor mosfet metal oxide semiconductor structure mos structure metal semiconductor field effect transistor mesfet metallic behaviour metallic behavior metallic carbon nanotubes metallic carbon nanotube metallic cnt metallic carbon nanotube metallic cnts metallic carbon nanotube metallic swnt metallic single walled carbon nanotube metallic swnts metallic single walled carbon nanotube methanol electrooxidation methanol electro oxidation methylene blue mb methylene blue mice mouse micro channel microchannel micro electro mechanical system microelectromechanical systems micro scale microscale micro structure microstructure mems device microelectromechanical device microelectronics microelectronic microelectronics industry microelectronic industry microfluidics microfluidic millisecond mim metal insulator metal mim capacitor metal insulator metal capacitor mip molecularly imprinted polymer mis device metal insulator semiconductor device mis structure metal insulator semiconductor structure mmp matrix metalloproteinase mnp magnetic nanoparticle mocdv metalorganic chemical vapor deposition mocvd metalorganic chemical vapor deposition modfet high electron mobility transistor modfet high electron mobility transistor modulated doping field effect transistor high electron mobility transistor modulation doping field effect transistor high electron mobility transistor mof metal organic framework mofs metal organic framework molecular beam epitaxy mbe molecular beam epitaxy molecular dynamic molecular dynamics molecular dynamics md simulation molecular dynamics simulations mono layer monolayer monolayer molybdenum disulfide mos2 monolayer monolayer molybdenum disulfide mos2 monolayer monolayer mos2 mos2 monolayer monolayer mos2 mos2 monolayer monolayer sam self assembled monolayer monolayers monolayer monolayers sam self assembled monolayer mos fet mosfet molybdenum disulfide mos2 mosfets mosfet movpe metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy mpecvd microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition mqw multiple quantum well mqwS multiple quantum well mr imaging magnetic resonance imaging mri magnetic resonance imaging ms mass spectrometry msc mesoporous single crystal mscs mesoporous single crystal msn mesoporous silica nanoparticle msnp mesoporous silica nanoparticle msnp mesoporous silica nanoparticle msns mesoporous silica nanoparticle mtj magnetic tunnel junction mu pad microfluidic paper based analysis devices mu tas micro total analysis system much attention much interest much progress multi wall carbon nanotube multi walled carbon nanotube multi walled cnts multi walled carbon nanotube multiwall carbon nanotube multi walled carbon nanotube multiwalled carbon nanotube multi walled carbon nanotube multiwalled carbon nanotubes multi walled carbon nanotube mv dec mv decade mwcnt multi walled carbon nanotube mwcnts multi walled carbon nanotube mwnt multi walled carbon nanotube mwnt film multi walled nanotube film mwnts multi walled carbon nanotube n doped graphene nitrogen doped graphene n methylpyrrolidone n methyl pyrrolidone n mosfet nmosfet n mosfets nmosfet n type si n type silicon na ion battery sodium ion battery nabh4 sodium borohydride nano dot nanodot nanocones nanocone nanocrystalline cu nanocrystalline copper nanocrystalline material nanocrystalline nanocrystalline ni nanocrystalline nickel nanofluids nanofluid nanoholes nanohole nanoimprint lithography nil nanoimprint lithography nanoribbons nanoribbon nanorods nanorod nanoshells nanoshell nanotubes cnt carbon nanotube nanowalls nanowall nanowires nanowire naoh sodium hydroxide narrow bandgap narrow band gap natl nbe near band edge nbe emission near band edge emission nc afm noncontact atomic force microscopy nd nanodot ndc negative differential conductance ndep negative dielectrophoretic ndr negative differential resistance near near edge x ray x ray absoption near edge structure near future negative dep force negative dielectrophoretic force nems nanoelectromechanical system new new development new direction new evidence new field new methodology new mode new step new trend new type new version new way new york nexafs x ray absoption near edge structure next few year nh3 ammonia nil nanoimprint lithography nil process nanoimprint lithography process nio nickel oxide nipa pnipa nir near infrared nir irradiation near infrared irradiation nir region near infrared region nlc nanostructured lipid carrier nlo next to leading nls nuclear localization signal nm np nm nanoparticle nm pr nm photoresist nmosfets nmosfet nmp n methyl pyrrolidone nmr nuclear magnetic resonance no2 nitrogen dioxide non equilibrium green nonequilibrium green nonlinear optical properties nonlinear optical property november nps nanoparticle nqd nanocrystal quantum dot nsl nanosphere lithography nsom near field scanning optical microscopy nss nanostructure nt array nanotube array nts nanotube nw array nanowire array nws nanowire o atom oxygen atom oct optical coherence tomography october ods oxide dispersion strengthened of optical fibre ofet organic field effect transistor ofets organic field effect transistor oft density functional theory oled organic light emitting diodes omega sq omega square omvpe metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy ongoing research open circuit voltage voc open circuit voltage open literature opinion opt organic phototransistor optical absorption spectra optical absorption spectrum optical bandgap optical band gap optoelectronic properties optoelectronic property opv organic photovoltaic opvs organic photovoltaic organic photovoltaic cells organic photovoltaic cell organic semiconductors organic semiconductor organic solar cells organic solar cell organic thin film transistors organic thin film transistor organometallic vapor phase epitaxy metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy original work orr oxygen reduction reaction osc organic solar cell otft organic thin film transistor otfts organic thin film transistor overall property oxidation behaviour oxidation behavior oxide dispersion oxide dispersion strengthened oxygen reduction oxygen reduction reaction oxygen reduction reaction orr oxygen reduction reaction p phenylenevinylene p phenylene vinylene p3ht poly3 hexylthiophene p3ht pcbm poly3 hexylthiophene butyric acid methyl ester p3htpcbm poly3 hexylthiophene butyric acid methyl ester pani polyaniline paper analyze paper detail paper present paper show past decade past few year pat photoacoustic tomography pbg photonic band gap pbs nanocrystals pbs nanocrystal pbs qds pbs quantum dot pbse nanocrystals pbse nanocrystal pbse qds pbse quantum dot pc photonic crystal pcbm butyric acid methyl ester pcda pentacosadiynoic acid pce power conversion efficiency pcf photonic crystal fibre pch photonic crystal heterostructure pcl polycaprolactone pcr polymerase chain reaction pcs photon correlation spectroscopy pd nanocrystal palladium nanocrystal pd nanoparticle palladium nanoparticle pd nanoparticles palladium nanoparticle pd nanostructure palladium nanostructure pd np palladium nanoparticle pd shell palladium shell pdms polydimethylsiloxane pdt photodynamic therapy pdt efficacy photodynamic therapy efficacy pecdv process plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition pecvd plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition pedotpss pedotps peg polyethylene glycol pei pololyethylenimine pemfc proton exchange membrane fuel cell periodic density functional calculation periodic density functional theory calculation personal perspective pes photoelectron spectroscopy pfpe perfluorinated polyether pfw piezoelectric fine wire pharmacokinetics pharmacokinetic phen phenanthroline photo optical instrumentation engineers doi photo optical instrumentation engineer photocatalytic properties photocatalytic property photodetectors photodetector photoelectrochemical properties photoelectrochemical property photoluminescence pl photoluminescence photoluminescence pl measurement photoluminescence measurement photoluminescence pl property photoluminescence property photoluminescence pl spectra photoluminescence spectrum photoluminescence pl spectroscopy photoluminescence spectroscopy photoluminescence properties photoluminescence property photoluminescence spectra photoluminescence spectrum photonic bandgap photonic band gap photonic bandgap photonic band gap photophysical properties photophysical property photovoltaic properties photovoltaic property phys pi c pi coulombs pia photoinduced absorption pia photoinduced absorption pic photonic integrated circuit pilot study pl photoluminescence pl band photoluminescence band pl characteristic photoluminescence characteristic pl decay photoluminescence decay pl efficiency photoluminescence efficiency pl emission photoluminescence emission pl enhancement photoluminescence enhancement pl excitation spectra photoluminescence excitation spectra pl experiment photoluminescence experiment pl intensity photoluminescence intensity pl lifetime photoluminescence lifetime pl measurement photoluminescence measurement pl peak photoluminescence peak pl peak position photoluminescence peak position pl property photoluminescence property pl quantum yield photoluminescence quantum yield pl quenching photoluminescence quenching pl qy photoluminescence quantum yield pl response photoluminescence response pl result photoluminescence result pl spectra photoluminescence spectrum pl spectrum photoluminescence spectrum pl study photoluminescence study plastic behaviour plastic behavior pld pulsed laser deposition ple photoluminescence excitation pml perfectly matched layer pmma polymethylmethacrylate pnipaa pnipa pnipaam pnipa pnipam pnipa po4 phosphate poly methyl methacrylate polymethylmethacrylate poly3 hexylthiophene p3ht poly3 hexylthiophene polydimethylsiloxane pdm polydimethylsiloxane polydimethylsiloxane pdms polydimethylsiloxane polyethylene glycol peg polyethylene glycol polyethyleneimine pololyethylenimine polymer solar cells polymer solar cell polymerase chain reaction pcr polymerase chain reaction polymeric np polymeric nanoparticle polymeric np polymeric nanoparticle polymethylmethacrylate pmma polymethylmethacrylate polypyrrole ppy polypyrrole polyvinyl alcohol pva polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl pyrrolidone polyvinylpyrrolidone positive dep positive dielectrophoresis poss polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane possible explanation potential future application power conversion efficiency pce power conversion efficiency ppn porous polymer network ppy polypyrrole pqc photonic quasicrystal pqq pyroloquionoline quinone pr material photoresist material practical aspect practical strategy present author present calculation present experiment present experimental result present investigation present knowledge present measurement present paper report present review present state present status present understanding present understanding previous experiment previous literature previous paper previous report proc proceeding professor profound influence progress report property evaluation psa prostate specific antigen psb persistent slip band psbs persistent slip band psc polymer solar cell pscs polymer solar cell pt electrode platinum electrode pt nanoparticle platinum nanoparticle pt np platinum nanoparticle pt structure platinum structure ptx paclitaxel pulsed laser deposition pld pulsed laser deposition pure al pure aluminum pure aluminium pure aluminum pure cu pure copper pure mg pure magnesium pure ni pure nickel pure ti pure titanium pva polyvinyl alcohol pvac polyvinyl acetate pvd physical vapor deposition pvp polyvinylpyrrolidone pxrd powder xrd pyrolytic graphite hopg pyrolytic graphite pzt piezoelectric pzt thin film piezoelectric thin film qcm quartz crystal microbalance qcn quartz crystal nanobalance qd quantum dot qd emission quantum dot emission qd film quantum dot film qd layer quantum dot layer qd sample quantum dot sample qd size quantum dot size qd surface quantum dot surface qdot quantum dot qds quantum dot qels quasi elastic light scattering qk quantum computer quantum chemical calculation quantum chemistry calculation quantum dots quantum dot quantum dots qd quantum dot quartz crystal microbalance qcm quartz crystal microbalance qwr quantum wire qws quantum well r6g rhodamine 6g raman scattering ser surface enhanced raman spectroscopy raman spectroscopy ser surface enhanced raman spectroscopy raman spectrum raman spectra rapid evolution rbc red blood cell rbm radial breathing mode rbs rutherford backscattering spectroscopy rbs rutherford backscattering spectroscopy recent application recent breakthrough recent data recent discovery recent experiment recent experimental report recent theory recent trend reduced go reduced graphene oxide rem reflection electron microscopy remark remarkable progress reram resistive random access memory research community research group research news research news article research paper resonance energy transfer forster resonance energy transfer results & conclusion results & discussion ret forster resonance energy transfer rev rev b rev lett review review article review highlight review paper rf pecvd radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition rgd arginine glycine aspartic acid rgo reduced graphene oxide rgo film reduced graphene oxide film rgo sheet reduced graphene oxide sheet ribonucleic acid rna rnai rna interference room temperature c room temperature room temperature photoluminescence spectra room temperature photoluminescence spectrum room temperature rt room temperature ros reactive oxygen species ros production reactive oxygen species production rram resistive random access memory rrs resonant raman scattering rsd relative standard deviation rss raman scattering spectroscopy rt room temperature rtil room temperature ionic liquid russia sam self assembled monolayer same direction same level same technique same type same way sample magnetometer vsm vibrating sample magnetometer sams self assembled monolayer sans small angle neutron scattering saturation magnetisation saturation magnetisation saxs small angle electron scattering sba mesoporous silica sbh schottky barrier height scanning electrom microscope sem scanning electron microscope scanning electrom microscopy sem scanning electron microscopy scanning electron microscope sem scanning electron microscope scanning electron microscopy sem scanning electron microscopy scanning probe scanning probe microscopy scanning transmission electron tomography electron microscopy tomography scanning tunneling microscope scanning tunnelling microscope scanning tunneling microscope stm scanning tunnelling microscope scanning tunneling microscopy scanning tunnelling microscopy scanning tunneling microscopy stm scanning tunnelling microscopy sci science scientific literature second approach second case second method second process selected example selected paper selected paper selected papers selected peer reviewed article selected peer reviewed papers self assamble monolayer self assembled monolayer self assembled monolayers self assembled monolayer self assembly self assemble sem scanning electron microscopy semiconducting swcnt semiconducting single walled carbon nanotube semiconductor nanowires semiconductor nanowire semiconductor quantum dots semiconductor quantum dot september ser surface enhanced raman spectroscopy sers surface enhanced raman spectroscopy sers spectra surface enhanced raman spectroscopy spectrum sers spectrum surface enhanced raman spectroscopy spectrum set single electron transistor sfm atomic force microscopy sg fet screen grid fet sgf screen grid fet sgfet screen grid fet shg second harmonic generation short introduction short review shs self propagating high temperature synthesis si atom silicon atom si incorporation silicon incorporation si mosfets silicon mosfet si nanocrystal silicon nanocrystal si nanoparticle silicon nanoparticle si nanotube silicon nanotube si nanowire silicon nanowire si nanowire field effect transistor silicon nanowire field effect transistor si nc silicon nanocrystal si ncs silicon nanocrystal si nw silicon nanowire si nws silicon nanowire si qds silicon quantum dot si quantum dot silicon quantum dot si solar cell silicon solar cell si3n4 silicon nitride silica nanoparticles silica nanoparticle silica np silica nanoparticle silicon nanocrystals silicon nanocrystal silicon nanotubes silicon nanotube silicon nanowires silicon nanowire silver nanoclusters silver nanocluster silver nanoparticles silver nanoparticle silver np silver nanoparticle sims secondary ionisation mass spectrometry single layer mos2 mos2 monolayer single qd single quantum dot single wall carbon nanotube single walled carbon nanotube single walled carbon nanotube swcnt single walled carbon nanotube single walled carbon nanotubes single walled carbon nanotube single walled carbon nanotubes swnt single walled carbon nanotube sint silicon nanotube sint silicon nanotube sints silicon nanotube sinw silicon nanowire sinw fet silicon nanowire field effect transistor sinw fets silicon nanowire field effect transistor sinws silicon nanowire sio silicon dioxide sio2 substrate silica substrate skpm scanning Kelvin probe microscopy slb supported lipid bilayer slg single layer graphene slgs single layer graphene sheet sln solid lipid nanoparticle slns solid lipid nanoparticle smat surface mechanical attrition treatment smp shape memory polymer sn atom tin atom snom scanning near field optical microscopy sofc solid oxide fuel cell solar cells solar cell solid state dye sensitized solar cells solid state dye sensitized solar cell solid state nmr solid state nuclear magnetic resonance solid state nmr spectroscopy solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy solid state reaction method solid state reaction solidification behaviour solidification behavior solidification process solidification son tin dioxide spd severe plastic deformation spe solid phase epitaxy speaker special issue special section specimens specimen spectroscopy ft ir fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spio superparamagnetic iron oxide spion superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle spions superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle spm scanning probe microscopy spp surface plasmon polariton spr surface plasmon resonance sps surface plasmon sr synchrotron radiation srtio3 strontium titanate ssp surface plasmon polariton standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor standard cmos stm scanning tunnelling microscopy sts scaning tunnelling spectroscopy stxm scanning transmission x ray microscopy styrene sulfonate styrenesulfonate subtle difference summary superparamagnetic behaviour superparamagnetic behavior surf ace surface surface enhanced raman surface enhanced raman spectroscopy surface enhanced raman scattering surface enhanced raman spectroscopy surface plasmon polaritons spp surface plasmon polariton surface plasmon resonance spr surface plasmon resonance swas surface acoustic wave swcnt single walled carbon nanotube swcnts single walled carbon nanotube switzerland swnt single walled carbon nanotube swnt array single walled carbon nanotube array swnt concentration single wall nanotube concentration swnt film single walled carbon nanotube film swnt network single walled carbon nanotube network swnt sensor single walled carbon nanotube sensor swnt suspension single walled carbon nanotube suspension swnts single walled carbon nanotube sws sub wavelength structure swtn single wall nanotube symposium t c curie temperature t t ta2o5 tantalum pentoxide tbr thermal boundary resistance tco transparent conducting oxide td dft time dependent density functional theory tddft time dependent density functional theory tem transmission electron microscopy tem analysis transmission electron microscopy analysis tem image transmission electron microscopy image tem micrograph transmission electron micrograph tem observation transmission electron microscopy observation temperature dependent pl spectra temperature dependent photoluminescence spectra templated synthesis template synthesis tensile behaviour tensile behavior ter transepithelial resistance tetraethoxysilane teos tetraethoxysilane teo teos tetraethyl orthosilicate teos tft thin film transistor tfts thin film transistor tga thermogravimetric analysis thermoelectric properties thermoelectric property thermogravimetric analysis tga thermogravimetric analysis thin film transistors thin film transistor third part thp torsion under quasi hydrostactic pressure through silicon vias through silicon via ti foil titanium foil tio2 nanoparticles tio2 nanoparticle tio2 nanotubes tio2 nanotube tio2 np tio2 nanoparticle tirfm total internal refection fluorescence microscopy titania nanoparticle tio2 nanoparticle titania nanotube tio2 nanotube titanium dioxide nanoparticle tio2 nanoparticle title tmd transition metal dichalcogenide tmd transition metal dichalcogenide tmdc transition metal dichalcogenide tmdc transition metal dichalcogenide tmr tunnel magnetoresistance tnt titanate nanotubes tnts titanate nanotubes today total area tpa tetrapropylammonium tpb triple phase boundary tpd temperature programmed desorption tpe tetraphenylethene tpv thermophotovoltaic trade off tradeoff transmision electron microscope transmission electron microscope transmision electron microscope tem transmission electron microscope transmision electron microscopy transmission electron microscopy transmision electron microscopy image transmission electron microscopy image transmision electron microscopy tem transmission electron microscopy transmission electron microscope tem transmission electron microscope transmission electron microscopy tem transmission electron microscopy transmission electron microscopy tem analysis transmission electron microscopy analysis transmission electron microscopy tem image transmission electron microscopy image transmission electronic microscopy transmission electron microscopy transmission spectra transmission spectrum transmission X ray microscope transmission x ray microscopy transport properties transport property tsv through silicon via tsvs through silicon via tumour tumor tumour cell tumor cell tunable bandgap tunable band gap tunneling microscopy scanning tunnelling microscopy tunneling microscopy stm scanning tunnelling microscopy ucl upconversion luminescence ucl upconversion luminescence ucnp upconversion nanoparticle ucnps upconversion nanoparticle ufg ultrafine grained uhtc ultra high temperature ceramic uhv ultrahigh vacuum ultra fine ultrafine ultrafine grained cu ultrafine grained copper unipolar transistor field effect transistor unipolar transistors field effect transistor unique set university upes ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy ups ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy uv nil ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography uv photodetector ultraviolet photodetector uv vi ultraviolet visible spectroscopy uv vis ultraviolet visible spectroscopy uv vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy uv vis drs ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy uv vis spectra ultraviolet visible spectroscopy spectrum uv vis spectroscopy ultraviolet visible spectroscopy uv vis spectrum ultraviolet visible spectroscopy spectrum uv visible spectroscopy ultraviolet visible spectroscopy v characteristic voltage charecteristic v mu m v mum v oc open circuit voltage va cnt vertically aligned carbon nanotube va cnts vertically aligned carbon nanotube vacnts vertically aligned carbon nanotube vcsel vertical cavity surface emitting laser vdf trfe vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene vdw van der waal vegf vascular endothelial growth factor vertically aligned carbon nanotubes vertically aligned carbon nanotube vhf very high frequency vibrational properties vibrational property vibrational spectra vibrational spectrum view point virtual issue visible light photocatalytic h visible light photocatalytic hydrogen visible light photocatalytic h visible light photocatalytic hydrogen vls mechanism vapor liquid solid mechanism vlsi very large scale integration voc open circuit voltage vs electron vibrational spectroscopy vsm vibrating sample magnetometer w h kg watt hours per kilogram w m w m k watt per meter kelvin w mk watts per meter kelvin wastewater waste water wca water contact angle wear behaviour wear behavior week wgm whispering gallery mode wgms whispering gallery mode wh kg watt hours per kilogram wiley periodical will wo3 tungsten oxide x ray diffraction xrd x ray diffraction x ray diffraction xrd analysis x ray diffraction analysis x ray diffraction xrd transmission electron microscopy tem x ray diffraction transmission electron microscopy x ray photoelectron spectroscopy xp x ray photoelectron spectroscopy x ray photoelectron spectroscopy xp x ray photoelectron spectroscopy x ray photoelectron spectroscopy xps x ray photoelectron spectroscopy xaf x ray absoption fine structure xafs x ray absoption fine structure xane x ray absoption near edge structure xanes x ray absoption near edge structure xeds energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy xeds energy dispersive x ray spectrometry xef xenon xmcd x ray magnetic circular dichroism xps x ray photoelectron spectroscopy xps x ray photoelectron spectroscopy xpsp x ray photoelectron spectroscopy xrd analysis x ray diffraction analysis xrd pattern x ray diffraction pattern xrd result x ray diffraction result xrd tem x ray diffraction transmission electron microscopy y2o3 yttrium oxide zgnr zigzag graphene nanoribbon zhang zif zeolitic imidazolate framework zifs zeolitic imidazolate framework zigzag gnr zigzag graphene nanoribbon zigzag swcnt zigzag single walled carbon nanotube zinc oxide nanorod zno nanorod zinc oxide nanostructure zno nanostructure zinc oxide nanowire zno nanowire zno nanoparticles zno nanoparticle zno nanorod arrays zno nanorod array zno nanorods zno nanorod zno nanostructures zno nanostructure zno nanowire arrays zno nanowire array zno nanowires zno nanowire zno np zno nanoparticle zno nps zno nanoparticle zno nrs zno nanorod zno nw zno nanowire zno nw array zno nanowire array zno nws zno nanowire zno qds zno quantum dot zno quantum dots zno quantum dot preface efficient polymer solar cells efficient polymer solar cell bulk heterojunction organic solar cells bulk heterojunction organic solar cell bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell high performance polymer solar cells high performance polymer solar cell inverted polymer solar cells inverted polymer solar cell inverted psc inverted polymer solar cell low bandgap polymer low band gap polymer organic bulk heterojunction solar cells organic bulk heterojunction solar cell pleds pled polymer fullerene solar cells polymer fullerene solar cell polymer fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells polymer fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cell qd leds qd led woleds woled asbs asb cellulose nanocrystals cellulose nanocrystal cnws cnw electron probe micro analysis electron probe microanalysis fatigue crack growth behaviour fatigue crack growth behavior fsp friction stir processing iacs ica imcs intermetallic compound imc intermetallic compound imc layer intermetallic layer mmc metal matrix composite mmcs metal matrix composite mmnc metal matrix nanocomposite polycrystalline cu polycrystalline copper present research work present study aim present work deal wear behaviur wear behavior conference considerable research interest