label replace by (4-ferrocenylethyne) phenylamine (4ferrocenylethyne) phenylamine (6,6)-phenyl c61 butyric acid methyl ester (6,6) phenyl c61butyric acid methyl ester (6,6)-phenyl c61-butyric acid methyl ester (6,6) phenyl c61butyric acid methyl ester (6,6) phenyl c61 butyric acid methyl ester (6,6) phenyl c61butyric acid methyl ester (min ,max ,+) functions (min ,max ,+) function (pl) properties (pl) property ? interactions interaction ?-? ?-? interaction interaction ?-? interactions interaction ?-? stacking stacking ??? assembling assembling ?-amyloid amyloid ?-cyclodextrin cyclodextrins ?-cyclodextrin functionalized cu@ag nanoparticles cyclodextrin functionalized cu@ag nanoparticle ?-cyclodextrin functionalized graphene cyclodextrin functionalized graphene ?-cyclodextrin polymer cyclodextrin polymer ?-fe2o3 fe2o3 ?-fetoprotein fetoprotein ?-hemolysin hemolysin ?-lactoglobulin lactoglobulin ?-leed leed ?-leed and arpes leed and arpe ?-mno2 mno2 ?-phase phase ?-polymorph polymorph ?-ray ray ?-ray irradiation ray irradiation [3+2]-cycloaddition [3+2] cycloaddition [6 ,6]-phenyl c [6 ,6] phenyl c [6 ,6]-phenyl-c61-butyric acid methyl esters [6 ,6] phenyl c61butyric acid methyl ester [carbonyl carbonyl 1 , 3 , 5-triamino-2 , 4 , 6-trinitrobenzene 1,3,5 triamino 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene 1 ,10-phenanthroline 1,10 phenanthroline 1 ,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl 1 ,2 ,4-trichlorobenzene 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene 1 ,2-dichloroethanes 1,2 dichloroethane 1 ,3 ,5-triazines 1,3,5 triazines 1 ,3-dipolarcycloaddition 1,3 dipolarcycloaddition 1 ,4-butanediol 1,4 butanediol 1 ,5-diaminoanthraquinone 1,5 diaminoanthraquinone 1 butyl 3 methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate 1 butyl 3 methylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate 1 d models 1 d model 1 d nanostructure 1d nanostructure 1 d nanostructures 1d nanostructure 1 d photonic crystal 1d photonic crystal 1 pyrenebutyric acids 1 pyrenebutyric acid 1, 4-butanediol 1,4 butanediol 1,1-diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl 1,2 dichloroethanes 1,2 dichloroethane 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2 oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition 1,3 dipolarcycloaddition 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition 1,3 dipolarcycloaddition 1/n-expansion 1/n expansion 10 hydroxycamptothecin (hcpt) 10 hydroxycamptothecin 10-hydroxycamptothecin 10 hydroxycamptothecin 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid 16 mercaptohexadecanoic acid 17?-estradiol 17? estradiol 1-aminopyrene 1 aminopyrene 1-butanol 1 butanol 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium chloride 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 1-d contact model 1 d contact model 1d materials 1d material 1-d models 1d model 1d nanomaterials 1d nanomaterial 1d nanostructures 1d nanostructure 1-d nanostructures 1d nanostructure 1-d photonic crystal 1d photonic crystal 1d structures 1d structure 1dpc 1d photonic crystal 1dpcs 1d photonic crystal 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 1 ethyl 3 methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 1-hydroxypyrene 1 hydroxypyrene 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide 1 methyl 3 propylimidazolium iodide 1-naphthol 1 naphthol 1-naphthylamine 1 naphthylamine 1-propanol 1 propanol 1-pyrenebutyrate 1 pyrenebutyrate 1-pyrenebutyric acid 1 pyrenebutyric acid 1-pyrenebutyric acids 1 pyrenebutyric acid 1-pyrenemethylamine 1 pyrenemethylamine 2 , 4 , 6-trichlorophenol 2, 4,6 trichlorophenol 2 ,2 ,6 ,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl 2,2,6,6 tetramethylpiperidine 1 oxyl 2 ,4 ,6-trichlorophenol 2,4,6 trichlorophenol 2 ,4 ,6-trichlorophenol (2 ,4 ,6-tcp) 2,4,6 trichlorophenol 2 ,4 ,6-trinitrotoluene 2,4,6 trinitrotoluene 2 ,4 dichlorophenol(2 ,4 dcp) 2,4 dichlorophenol 2 ,4-dcp 2,4 dcp 2 ,4-dichlorophenol 2,4 dichlorophenol 2 ,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2 ,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2 ,4-d) 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2 ,4-dinitrotoluene 2,4 dinitrotoluene 2 ,5-furandicarboxylic acids 2,5 furandicarboxylic acids 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 2 (dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'dipyridyl 2,4 dichlorophenol(2,4 dcp) 2,4 dichlorophenol 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 d) 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,6 trichlorophenol (2,4,6 tcp) 2,4,6 trichlorophenol 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene 2,4,6 trinitrotoluene 2,4-dcp 2,4 dcp 2,4-dichlorophenol 2,4 dichlorophenol 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-dinitrotoluene 2,4 dinitrotoluene 2-aminothiophenol 2 aminothiophenol 2d arrays 2d array 2d composites 2d composite 2d crystals 2d crystal 2-d crystals 2d crystal 2d electron gas 2d electron gas 2-d electron gas 2 d electron gas 2d heterointerfaces 2d heterointerface 2d heterostructures 2d heterostructure 2d islands 2d island 2d layered materials 2d layered material 2-d material 2 d material 2d materials 2d material 2-d model 2 d model 2d nanocrystals 2d nanocrystal 2d nanomaterials 2d nanomaterial 2d nanosheets 2d nanosheet 2d nanostructures 2d nanostructure 2d patterns 2d pattern 2d structures 2d structure 2-d systems 2 d system 2d vdw solids 2d vdw solid 2d-arrays 2d array 2d-composites 2d composite 2d-hexagonal 2d hexagonal 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate 2-methylisoborneol 2 methylisoborneol 2-naphthol orange 2 naphthol orange 2-naphthols 2 naphthol 2-propanol 2 propanol 3 ,4- ethylenedioxythiophene 3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene 3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene (edot) 3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene 3 ,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acids 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acids 3 ,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine 3 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine 3,3',5,5' tetramethylbenzidine 3,3?,5,5?-tetramethylbenzidine 3,3',5,5' tetramethylbenzidine 3,3?,5,5?-tetramethylbenzidine 3,3?,5,5? tetramethylbenzidine 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic acid 3.5 wt% nacl solution 3.5% nacl solution 3.5% nacl solution 3.5% nacl solution 3.5% nacl solutions 3.5% nacl solution 300 mm wafers 300 mm wafer 32-bit adder 32 bit adder 3-aminophenylboronic acid 3 aminophenylboronic acid 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 3 aminopropyltrimethoxysilane 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane 3 aminopropyltrimethoxysilane 3c-sic 3c sic 3c-sic films 3c sic film 3c-sic/si 3c sic/si 3-d (three-dimensional) 3d 3d architectures 3d architecture 3d arrays 3d array 3d composites 3d composite 3d conducting networks 3d conducting network 3-d electrodes 3d electrode 3d finite-element simulation 3d finite element simulation 3d graphene frameworks 3d graphene framework 3d graphene oxides 3d graphene oxide 3d hollows 3d hollow 3d ics 3d ics 3-d ics 3d ics 3-d integration 3d integration 3d metals 3d metal 3d microstructures 3d microstructure 3d nanostructures 3d nanostructure 3-d nanostructures 3d nanostructure 3d networks 3d network 3d porous materials 3d porous material 3d porous nanostructures 3d porous nanostructure 3d printers 3d printer 3-d printing 3d printing 3-d scaffolds 3d scaffolds 3d sensors 3d sensor 3-d space 3d space 3d systems 3d system 3d transition metals 3d transition metal 3db-bandwidth 3db bandwidth 3d-graphene 3d graphene 3d-graphite 3d graphite 3-dimensional 3dimensional 3-dimensional carbon 3dimensional carbon 3-dimensional structures 3dimensional structures 3d-network structures 3d network structures 3-fold symmetry 3fold symmetry 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane 3 glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane 3-mercaptopropionic acid 3 mercaptopropionic acid 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane 3 mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane 3 mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane 3t3 cells 3t3 cells 3t3 fibroblasts 3t3 fibroblast 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 4,4 difluoro 4 bora 3a,4a diaza s indacene 4-aminobenzoic acid 4 aminobenzoic acid 4-aminophenol 4 aminophenol 4-aminophenols 4 aminophenol 4-aminothiophenol 4 aminothiophenol 4-chlorophenol 4 chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol (4-cp) 4 chlorophenol 4h silicon carbide 4h silicon carbide 4h-sic 4h sic 4h-sic substrate 4h sic substrate 4-hydroxycoumarin 4 hydroxycoumarin 4-nitrobenzene diazonium 4 nitrobenzene diazonium 4-nitrophenol 4 nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol (4-np) 4 nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol reductions 4 nitrophenol reductions 4-nonylphenol 4 nonylphenol 4-np 4 np 4-point probe 4 point probe 4-styrenesulfonic acids 4 styrenesulfonic acid 4-substituted benzoic acids 4 substituted benzoic acid 4-vinylphenylboronic acids 4 vinylphenylboronic acid 5 hydroxymethyl furfurals 5 hydroxymethyl furfural 5 hydroxymethylfurfural 5 hydroxymethyl furfural 5-7 pair 5 7 pair 585 divacancies defects 5d transition metals 5d transition metal 5-fluorouracil 5 fluorouracil 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) 5 fluorouracil (5 fu) 5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5 hydroxymethyl furfural 5-methylcytosine 5 methylcytosine 6-aminocaproic acid 6 aminocaproic acid 6-carboxyfluorescein 6 carboxyfluorescein 6hsic 6h silicon carbide 6h-sic silicon carbide 6h-sic 6h sic 6h-sic(0001) 6h silicon carbide 6h-sic(0001) 6h sic(0001) 6h-silicon carbides 6h silicon carbide 6-mercaptopurine 6 mercaptopurine 8-membered ring 8 membered ring 9 ,9-dihexylfluorene 9 ,9 dihexylfluorene 9 ,9-dioctylfluorene 9 ,9 dioctylfluorene a a carbons carbon a stables a stable a transitions a transition a. a. bilayer graphene bilayer graphene a. carbon carbon a. carbon nanotubes carbon nanotubes a. carbon-carbon composites (cccs) carbon carbon composite a. ceramics ceramic a. composite composite a. composite materials composite material a. composites composite a. copper copper a. electronic materials electronic material a. epitaxial graphene epitaxial graphene a. flexible composites flexible composite a. floquet topological superconductor floquet topological superconductor a. functional composites functional composite a. glass fibres glass fibre a. graphene graphene a. graphene nanoribbon graphene nanoribbons a. graphene nanoribbons graphene nanoribbons a. graphene oxide graphene oxide a. graphene sheets graphene sheet a. hexagonal boron nitride hexagonal boron nitride a. hexagonal lattice hexagonal lattice a. hot pressing hot pressing a. hybrid hybrid a. hybrid composites hybrid composite a. inorganic compounds inorganic compound a. interfaces interface a. laminates laminate a. layered structures layered structure a. magnetic dot magnetic dots a. magnetic graphene superlattice magnetic graphene superlattice a. magnetic materials magnetic material a. metal-matrix composites (mmcs) metal matrix composite a. metals metal a. microporous materials microporous material a. multilayer graphene multilayer graphene a. nano composite nanocomposite a. nano composites nanocomposite a. nano particles nano particle a. nanocomposites nanocomposite a. nano-composites nanocomposite a. nanomaterials nanomaterial a. nanoparticles nanoparticle a. nanoribbons nanoribbons a. nanostructure nanostructure a. nanostructures nanostructure a. nano-structures nano structure a. nickel nickel a. oxides oxide a. particle-reinforced composites particle reinforced composite a. particle-reinforcement particle reinforcement a. polymer matrix composites (pmcs) polymer matrix composite a. polymer-matrix composites polymer matrix composite a. polymer-matrix composites (pmcs) polymer matrix composite a. polymers polymer a. powders: chemical preparation powders chemical preparation a. reduced graphene oxide reduced graphene oxide a. semiconductor semiconductor a. semiconductors semiconductor a. single-layered graphene sheet (slgs) single layered graphene sheet a. sintering sintering a. smart materials smart material a. sol-gel process sol gel process a. sol-gel processes sol gel process a. structural materials structural material a. superconductors superconductor a. surface surface a. surfaces surface a. surfaces and interfaces surfaces and interface a. thin film thin film a. thin films thin film a. topological insulators topological insulator a. twisted bilayer graphene twisted bilayer graphene a1. atomic force microscopy atomic force microscopy a1. characterization characterization a1. computer simulation computer simulation a1. interfaces interface a1. nucleation nucleation a1. surface processes surface process a1. surface structure surface structure a1. surfaces surface a1. x-ray diffraction x ray diffraction a3. chemical vapor deposition processes chemical vapor deposition process a3. metal organic chemical vapor deposition (mocvd) metal organic chemical vapor deposition a3. molecular beam epitaxy molecular beam epitaxy a549 cells 549 cells aao aa-stacked bilayer graphene aa stacked bilayer graphene ab initio calculations ab initio calculation ab initio computations ab initio computation ab initio density functional theories (dft) ab initio density functional theory ab initio investigations ab initio investigation ab initio methods ab initio method ab initio molecular dynamics ab initio molecular dynamic ab initio molecular orbital methods ab initio molecular orbital method ab initio pseudopotentials ab initio pseudopotential ab initio simulations ab initio simulation ab initio studies ab initio study ab initio techniques ab initio technique ab initio thermodynamics ab initio thermodynamic ab initio transport calculations ab initio transport calculation ab intio ab initio abatement technologies abatement technology aberration correctors aberration corrector aberration-corrected aberration corrected aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy aberration corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopies aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy aberration-corrected tem aberration corrected tem aberration-correction aberration correction aberrations aberration ab-initio ab initio ab-initio calculation ab initio calculation ab-initio calculations ab initio calculation ab-initio density functional theory calculations (dft) ab initio density functional theory calculation ab-initio electronic structure calculations ab initio electronic structure calculation ab-initio md ab initio md ab-initio method ab initio method ablated regions ablated region ablation process ablation process ablation thresholds ablation threshold abrasives abrasive abs resins abs resin absolute values absolute value absorbance measurements absorbance measurement absorbances absorbance absorbates absorbante absorbed photons absorbed photons absorbent materials absorbent material absorber thickness absorber thickness absorbers absorber absorbing characteristics absorbing characteristic absorbing films absorbing film absorbing materials absorbing material absorbing properties absorbing property absorption abilities absorption ability absorption and desorptions absorption and desorption absorption and emissions absorption and emission absorption and reflections absorption and reflection absorption behaviors absorption behavior absorption changes absorption change absorption characteristics absorption characteristic absorption co efficient absorption coefficient absorption co-efficient absorption coefficient absorption coefficients absorption coefficient absorption cross sections absorption cross section absorption edges absorption edge absorption effects absorption effect absorption energies absorption energy absorption experiments absorption experiment absorption frequencies absorption frequency absorption levels absorption level absorption lines absorption line absorption loss absorption loss absorption measurements absorption measurement absorption mechanisms absorption mechanism absorption peaks absorption peak absorption process absorption process absorption rates absorption rate absorption resonances absorption resonance absorption values absorption value absorption wavelengths absorption wavelength absorption-desorption absorption desorption absorptive materials absorptive material absorptivities absorptivity ab-stacked bilayer graphene ab stacked bilayer graphene abundant materials abundant material ac currents ac current ac dielectrophoresis ac dielectrophoresis a-c film a c film ac impedance analysis ac impedance analysis ac line-filtering ac line filtering ac magnetic fields ac magnetic field ac measurements ac measurement ac signals ac signal ac sources ac source a-c thin films a c thin film ac transports ac transport academies and institutes academies and institutes a-carbon a carbon accelerated durability tests accelerated durability test accelerated electrons accelerated electron accelerated molecular dynamics accelerated molecular dynamic accelerated oxidations accelerated oxidation accelerated stress accelerated stress accelerating voltages acceleration voltage acceleration voltages acceleration voltage accelerometers accelerometer acceptor molecules acceptor molecule accessible surface areas accessible surface area accidents accident accommodation coefficients accommodation coefficient accumulation effects accumulation effect accumulation modes accumulation mode accurate calculations accurate calculation accurate predictions accurate prediction acelerating voltages acelerating voltage acenes acenes a-center a center a-ceramics a ceramic acetal resins acetal resin acetate buffer solutions acetate buffer solution acetone gas sensors acetone gas sensor acetone molecules acetone molecule acetone vapors acetone vapor acetonitrile solutions acetonitrile solution acetonitriles acetonitrile acetophenones acetophenone acetylacetonates acetylacetonate acetylcholine esterase acetylcholinesterase acetylene black paste electrodes acetylene black paste electrode acetylene gas acetylene gas acetylene molecules acetylene molecule acetylenic linkages acetylenic linkage acid catalysis acid catalysis acid catalyzed hydrolysis acid catalyzed hydrolysis acid concentrations acid concentration acid conditions acid condition acid electrolytes acid electrolyte acid mixtures acid mixture acid molecules acid molecule acid solutions acid solution acid treatments acid treatment acid-base bifunctional catalysts acid base bifunctional catalyst acid-base reactions acid base reaction acid-base titration acid base titration acid-catalyzed hydrolysis acid catalyzed hydrolysis acid-catalyzed reactions acid catalyzed reaction acidic conditions acidic condition acidic electrolytes acidic electrolyte acidic functional groups acidic functional group acidic groups acidic group acidic mediums acidic medium acidic solutions acidic solution acids acid ac-impedance ac impedance acoustic actuators acoustic actuator acoustic branches acoustic branch acoustic charge transports acoustic charge transport acoustic devices acoustic device acoustic emissions acoustic emission acoustic fields acoustic field acoustic generators acoustic generator acoustic modes acoustic mode acoustic phonons acoustic phonon acoustic pressure sensors acoustic pressure sensor acoustic properties acoustic property acoustic sensors acoustic sensor acoustic signals acoustic signal acoustic surface wave devices acoustic surface wave device acoustic transducers acoustic transducer acoustic waves acoustic wave acoustic-phonon scattering acoustic phonon scattering acoustics acoustic acousto-electric acousto electric acoustoelectric currents acoustoelectric current acoustoelectric effects acoustoelectric effect acousto-electric transports acousto electric transport acousto-optic modulator acousto optic modulator acridines acridines acrylamides acrylamide acrylate polymers acrylate polymer acrylates acrylate acrylic acids acrylic acid acrylic coatings acrylic coating acrylic co-polymers acrylic co polymer acrylic monomers acrylic monomer acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive acrylic resins acrylic resin acrylics acrylic acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber acrylonitrile butadiene rubber acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene acrylonitrile butadiene styrene actinides actinide actins actin action potentials action potential activate carbons activated carbon activated carbon composites activated carbon composite activated carbons activated carbon activating agents activating agent activation analysis activation analysis activation barriers activation barrier activation conditions activation condition activation enthalpies activation enthalpy activation mechanisms activation mechanism activation process activation process activation temperatures activation temperature active cathode materials active cathode material active channels active channel active chemicals active chemical active components active component active composites active composite active defects active defect active devices active device active electrode materials active electrode material active electrodes active electrode active elements active element active hydrogens active hydrogen active materials active material active matrix active matrix active metals active metal active methylene compounds active methylene compound active molecules active molecule active networks active network active oxygen species active oxygen specy active photonic devices active photonic device active plasmonics active plasmonic active regions active region active sites active sites active species active specy active substrates active substrate active surfaces active surface active thermal control systems active thermal control system activity assays activity assay activity of enzymes activity of enzyme activity patterns activity pattern activity results activity result actual experiments actual experiment actuation materials actuation material actuation stress actuation stress actuation voltages actuation voltage actuators actuator actuators and sensors actuator and sensor acyl chlorides acyl chloride adamantanes adamantane adamantine-modified antibody adamantine modified antibody adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system adaptive optics adaptive optic adatoms adatom adders adder addition reactions addition reaction additional dependences additional dependence additional experiments additional experiment additional mass additional mass additional resistances additional resistance additive effects additive effect additives additive adenine molecules adenine molecule adenocarcinoma cells adenocarcinoma cells adenosine triphosphatase (potassium sodium) adenosine triphosphatase adenosines deaminase adenosine deaminases adenosinetriphosphate adenosine triphosphate a-density a density adherent cells adherent cells adhesion behaviors adhesion behavior adhesion forces adhesion force adhesion properties adhesion property adhesive and abrasive wears adhesive and abrasive wear adhesive joints adhesive joint adhesive layers adhesive layer adhesive properties adhesive property adhesive proteins adhesive protein adhesive tapes adhesive tape adhesive wears adhesive wear adhesiveness adhesiveness adhesives adhesive adiabatic circuits adiabatic circuit adiabatic logic circuits adiabatic logic circuit adi-fdtd adi fdtd adipocytes adipocyte adipogenesis adipogeneis adipose derived stem cells adipose derived stem cell adjacent layers adjacent layer adjustable parameters adjustable parameter adjusting parameters adjusting parameter adlayer structures adlayer structure adlayers adlayers admicelles admicelles administration, intravenous administration, intravenous admittance spectroscopies admittance spectroscopy adrenergic beta-agonists adrenergic beta agonist adsorbabilities adsorbability adsorbants adsorbant adsorbate interactions adsorbate interaction adsorbate layers adsorbate layer adsorbate molecules adsorbate molecule adsorbate structures adsorbate structure adsorbate-adsorbate interaction adsorbate adsorbate interaction adsorbates adsorbate adsorbed films adsorbed film adsorbed gas adsorbed gas adsorbed layers adsorbed layer adsorbed molecules adsorbed molecule adsorbed species adsorbed specy adsorbent materials adsorbent material adsorbent surfaces adsorbent surface adsorbents adsorbent adsorbers adsorber adsorbing molecules adsorbing molecule adsorbtion adsorption adsorption affinities adsorption affinity adsorption amounts adsorption amounts adsorption and desorptions adsorption and desorption adsorption and reactions adsorption and reaction adsorption barriers adsorption barrier adsorption behavior adsorption behaviour adsorption capacities adsorption capacity adsorption coefficients adsorption coefficient adsorption conditions adsorption condition adsorption densities adsorption density adsorption desorption isotherms adsorption desorption isotherm adsorption desorption process adsorption desorption process adsorption dynamics adsorption dynamic adsorption edges adsorption edge adsorption energetics adsorption energetic adsorption energies adsorption energy adsorption enthalpies adsorption enthalpy adsorption equilibrium adsorption equilibria adsorption equilibrium constants adsorption equilibrium constant adsorption geometries adsorption geometry adsorption isotherms adsorption isotherm adsorption kinetics adsorption kinetic adsorption materials adsorption material adsorption modes adsorption mode adsorption of arsenics adsorption of arsenic adsorption of metal ions adsorption of metal ion adsorption of organic molecules adsorption of organic molecule adsorption of proteins adsorption of protein adsorption patterns adsorption pattern adsorption probabilities adsorption probability adsorption process adsorption process adsorption properties adsorption property adsorption rates adsorption rate adsorption sites adsorption site adsorption structures adsorption structure adsorption studies adsorption study adsorption tests adsorption test adsorption thermodynamics adsorption thermodynamic adsorption/desorption adsorption desorption adsorption-desorption cycles adsorption desorption cycle adsorption-desorption measurements adsorption desorption measurement adsorption-desorption process adsorption desorption process adsorptive properties adsorptive property advanced analysis advanced analysis advanced applications advanced application advanced composite materials advanced composite material advanced composites advanced composite advanced designs advanced design advanced electrodes advanced electrode advanced electronics advanced electronic advanced functions advanced function advanced glycation end products advanced glycation end product advanced lithium-ion batteries advanced lithium ion battery advanced materials advanced material advanced oxidation process advanced oxidation process advanced oxidation processes advanced oxidation process advanced polymer composites advanced polymer composite advanced polymers advanced polymer advection dispersions advection dispersion adverse effects adverse effect adverse health effects adverse health effect aerobic and anaerobic conditions aerobic and anaerobic condition aerobic oxidations aerobic oxidation aerodynamic diameters aerodynamic diameter aerogel nanocomposites aerogel nanocomposite aerogels aerogel aerosol jet printings aerosol jet printing aerosol mass aerosol mass aerosol spray pyrolysis aerosol spray pyrolysis aerosol synthesis aerosol synthesis aerosol-assisted chemical vapor depositions aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition aerosols aerosol aerospace and automotive industries aerospace and automotive industry aerospace applications aerospace application aes aes aflatoxins aflatoxin afm cantilevers afm cantilever after-heat treatment after heat treatment after-treatment after treatment ag atoms ag atom ag catalysts ag catalyst ag films ag film ag nanocrystals ag nanocrystal ag nanoparticles ag nanoparticle ag nanoplates ag nanoplate ag nanowires ag nanowire ag particles ag particle ag(1 1 1) ag(111) ag(111) surface ag(111) surface ag/au nano-particles ag/au nano particle ag+ ions ag+ ion agar gel electrophoresis agarose gel electrophoresis agaricales agaricale agarose gel electrophoresis agarose gel electrophoresis ag-doping ag doping agents agent agglomerate particles agglomerate particle agglomeration effects agglomeration effect aggregate structures aggregate structure aggregates aggregate aggregation kinetics aggregation kinetic aggregation process aggregation process aggregation-induced emission aggregation induced emission aggregation-induced emissions aggregation induced emission aging measurements aging measurement aging of materials aging of material agnps agnp agricultural chemicals agricultural chemical agricultural wastes agricultural waste aharonov-bohm effect aharonov bohm effect aharonov-bohm effects aharonov bohm effect air analysis air analysis air cleaners air cleaner air electrodes air electrode air filters air filter air liquid interfaces air liquid interface air mass air mass air pollutants air pollutant air water interfaces air water interface air/water interface air water interface aircraft accidents aircraft accident aircraft engines aircraft engine aircraft materials aircraft enginaircraft material air-gaps air gap air-plasma treatment air plasma treatment air-stable air stable air-water interface air water interface al films al film al matrix composites al matrix composite al2o3 al al2o 3 al2o3 al2o3 nanoparticles al2o3 nanoparticle alanine residues alanine residue alcohol concentrations alcohol concentration alcohol cvd alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition alcohol vapors alcohol vapor alcoholic beverages alcoholic beverage alcoholic solvents alcoholic solvent alcohols alcohol aldehydes aldehyde al-doped graphene al doped graphene al-doped zno al doped zno algaas/gaas algaas/gaas algan/gan heterostructures algan/gan heterostructure algan/gan high electron mobility transistors algan/gan high electron mobility transistor algan/gan schottky diodes algan/gan schottky diode algebraic equations algebraic equation algebraic structures of integrable models algebraic structure of integrable model alginates alginate algorithms algorithm aligned arrays aligned array aligned carbon nanotubes aligned carbon nanotubes aligned cnts aligned cnts aligned nanotubes aligned nanotubes aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes aligned single walled carbon nanotube aligned zno nanorods aligned zno nanorod aliphatic chains aliphatic chain aliphatic groups aliphatic group aliphatic thiols aliphatic thiol alizarin red s alizarin red alkali metal atoms alkali metal atom alkali metal cations alkali metal cation alkali metal compounds alkali metal compound alkali metal hydroxides alkali metal hydroxide alkali metals alkali metal alkali solutions alkali solution alkalies alkali alkali-metal adsorption alkali metal adsorption alkaline conditions alkaline condition alkaline direct methanol fuel cells alkaline direct methanol fuel cells alkaline earth cations alkaline earth cation alkaline earth metals alkaline earth metal alkaline electrolytes alkaline electrolyte alkaline fuel cells alkaline fuel cell alkaline medium alkaline media alkaline membrane fuel cells alkaline membrane fuel cell alkaline secondary batteries alkaline secondary battery alkaline solutions alkaline solution alkaloids alkaloid alkane chains alkane chain alkane molecules alkane molecule alkanes alkanes alkanesulfonic acids alkanesulfonic acid alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers alkanethiol self assembled monolayer alkyl amines alkyl amine alkyl bromides alkyl bromide alkyl chain lengths alkyl chain length alkyl groups alkyl group alkyl halides alkyl halide alkyl radicals alkyl radical alkyl side chains alkyl side chain alkynes alkyne all solid-state lasers all solid state laser all-carbon all carbon all-fiber laser all fiber laser all-fiber lasers all fiber laser all-normal dispersions all normal dispersion all-optical all optical all-optical device all optical device all-optical modulation all optical modulation all-optical switching all optical switching allotropes allotrope allotropic forms allotropic form allowable discharge limits allowable discharge limit alloy compositions alloy composition alloy electrodes alloy electrode alloy nanocrystals alloy nanocrystal alloy nanoparticles alloy nanoparticle alloying elements alloying element alloys alloy all-printed all printed all-solid state all solid state all-solid state batteries all solid state battery all-solid-state all solid state all-solid-state devices all solid state device all-solid-state electrode all solid state electrode all-solid-state laser all solid state laser all-solid-state potentiometric sensors all solid state potentiometric sensor all-solid-state supercapacitor all solid state supercapacitor all-solid-state supercapacitors all solid state supercapacitor all-spin logic all spin logic all-vanadium redox flow batteries all vanadium redox flow battery allyl compounds allyl compound al-metal al metal aln substrates aln substrate al-nanoparticles al nanoparticle alpha-fetoprotein alpha fetoprotein alphafetoprotein (afp) alphafetoprotein alpha-fetoproteins alpha fetoprotein alternate currents alternate current alternate layers alternate layer alternating current dielectrophoresis alternating current dielectrophoresis alternating layers alternating layer alternating sequences alternating sequence alternating voltages alternating voltage alternative anode materials alternative anodes alternative anode alternative catalysts alternative catalyst alternative configurations alternative configuration alternative dielectrics alternative dielectric alternative fuels alternative fuel alternative materials alternative material alternative methods alternative method alternative process alternative process alternative routes alternative routalternative solution alternative solutions alternative solution alternative substrates alternative substrate alternative synthesis alternative synthesis alternative technologies alternative technology alumina composites alumina composite alumina nanofibers alumina nanofiber alumina particles alumina particle alumina rods alumina rod alumina substrates alumina substrate alumina-zirconia alumina zirconia aluminium matrix composites aluminium matrix composite aluminosilicates aluminosilicate aluminum alloy matrices aluminum alloy matrix aluminum alloys aluminum alloy aluminum coatings aluminum coating aluminum compounds aluminum compound aluminum electrodes aluminum electrode aluminum electrolytic capacitors aluminum electrolytic capacitor aluminum ions aluminum ion aluminum isopropoxides aluminum isopropoxide aluminum matrix composites aluminum matrix composite aluminum nitride (aln) aluminum nitride aluminum oxide films aluminum oxide film aluminum oxides aluminum oxide aluminum powders aluminum powder aluminum silicates aluminum silicate aluminum-doped zinc oxide aluminum doped zinc oxide alzheimer's disease alzheimer disease amberlyst-15 amberlyst 15 ambient air conditions ambient air condition ambient conditions ambient condition ambient gas ambient gas ambient pressure chemical vapor depositions ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition ambient pressures ambient pressure ambient temperatures ambient temperature ambient waters ambient water ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies ambient pressure x ray photoelectron spectroscopy ambipolar characteristics ambipolar characteristic ambipolar charge transports ambipolar charge transport ambipolar devices ambipolar device ambipolar electric fields ambipolar electric field ambipolar properties ambipolar property ambipolar transistors ambipolar transistor amelogenin genes amelogenin gene american chemical society (acs) american institute of physics (aip) american physical society (aps) amide groups amide group amide linkages amide linkage amide solvents amide solvent amides amide amido groups amido group amine functional groups amine functional group amine groups amine group amine molecules amine molecule amine-functionalized graphene amine functionalized graphene amine-functionalized graphene oxide amine functionalized graphene oxide amines amine amino acid analysis amino acid analysis amino acid residues amino acid residue amino acids amino acid amino-carbon nanotubes amino carbon nanotube amino-functionalized graphene amino functionalized graphene aminolysis aminolysis amino-modified amino modified aminophenols aminophenol aminosilanes aminosilane amino-terminated amino terminated ammonia concentrations ammonia concentration ammonia gas ammonia gas ammonia gas sensors ammonia gas sensor ammonia molecules ammonia molecule ammonia sensors ammonia sensor ammonia vapors ammonia vapor ammonium compounds ammonium compound ammonium groups ammonium group ammonium ions ammonium ion ammonium perchlorates ammonium perchlorate amorphous amorphous amorphous carbon (a c) amorphous carbon amorphous carbon (a-c) amorphous carbon amorphous carbon structures amorphous carbon structure amorphous carbon thin films amorphous carbon thin film amorphous characters amorphous character amorphous films amorphous film amorphous interfaces amorphous interface amorphous manganese oxides amorphous manganese oxide amorphous materials amorphous material amorphous metals amorphous metal amorphous phasis amorphous phase amorphous polyethylenes amorphous polyethylene amorphous polymers amorphous polymer amorphous precursors amorphous precursor amorphous semiconductors amorphous semiconductor amorphous silicon (a si) amorphous silicon amorphous silicon (a-si) amorphous silicon amorphous solids amorphous solid amorphous structures amorphous structure amorphous surfaces amorphous surface amorphous-indium gallium zinc oxides amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide amperometric biosensors amperometric biosensor amperometric immunosensors amperometric immunosensor amperometric measurements amperometric measurement amperometric methods amperometric method amperometric sensors amperometric sensor amphibious vehicles amphibious vehicle amphiphiles amphiphile amphiphilic block copolymers amphiphilic block copolymer amphiphilic co polymer amphiphilic copolymer amphiphilic copolymers amphiphilic copolymer amphiphilic co-polymers amphiphilic copolymer amphiphilic molecules amphiphilic molecule amphiphilic polymers amphiphilic polymer amphiphilic surfactants amphiphilic surfactant amphiphilic triblock copolymers amphiphilic triblock copolymer amphiphilics amphiphilic amplification effects amplification effect amplification efficiencies amplification efficiency amplification factors amplification factor amplified signals amplified signal amplifier circuits amplifier circuit amplifiers amplifier amplifiers (electronic) amplifiers, electronic amplitude modulators amplitude modulator amplitude-frequency amplitude frequency amplitude-modulated amplitude modulated amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta peptide amyloid betas amyloid beta amyloid peptides amyloid peptide amyloidosis amyloidosis amylopectins amylopectins anaerobic conditions anaerobic condition analgesics analgesic analgesics, non-narcotic analgesics, non narcotic analog and digital circuits analog and digital circuit analog applications analog application analog circuits analog circuit analog devices analog device analog electronics analog electronic analogs and derivatives analogs and derivative analysis analysis analysis and controls analysis and control analysis of various analysis of various analysis results analysis result analysis techniques analysis technique analyte molecules analyte molecule analytes analytes analytic expressions analytic expression analytic models analytic model analytic sample preparation methods analytic sample preparation method analytical and numerical methods analytical and numerical method analytical applications analytical application analytical circuit models analytical circuit model analytical conditions analytical condition analytical equations analytical equation analytical estimates analytical estimate analytical expressions analytical expression analytical formulas analytical formula analytical investigations analytical investigation analytical methods analytical method analytical modelling analytical modeling analytical models analytical model analytical parameters analytical parameter analytical predictions analytical prediction analytical process analytical process analytical properties analytical property analytical protocols analytical protocol analytical relations analytical relation analytical results analytical result analytical sensors analytical sensor analytical signals analytical signal analytical solutions analytical solution analytical studies analytical study analytical techniques analytical technique anatase nanocrystals anatase nanocrystal anatase nanoparticles anatase nanoparticle anchor groups anchor group anchoring effects anchoring effect anchoring groups anchoring group anchors anchor and filters filter and gates gate and splits splittings anderson metal-insulator transition anderson metal insulator transition anderson models anderson model andersons anderson andreev levels andreev level andreev reflections andreev reflection anesthetics anesthetic anfis anfi angelica sinensis angelica sinensis angiogenesis angiogeneis angiogenic growth factors angiogenic growth factor angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (arpes) angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy angle shifts angle shift angle-dependent angle dependent angle-resolved angle resolved angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopies angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy angle-resolved photoemission angle resolved photoemission angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopies angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (arpes) angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy angle-resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies angle resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy angle resolved x ray photoelectron spectroscopy angular frequencies angular frequency angular mathieu functions angular mathieu function angular moments angular moment angular positions angular position anharmonic couplings anharmonic coupling anharmonic phonons anharmonic phonon anharmonicities anharmonicity aniline compounds aniline compound aniline monomers aniline monomer animal-derived food animal derived food animals animal anion exchange resins anion exchange resin anion radicals anion radical anion-exchange membrane fuel cells anion exchange membrane fuel cell anionic and cationic dyes anionic and cationic dyes anionic poly-electrolytes anionic poly electrolyte anionic surfactants anionic surfactant anions anion anisotropic behaviors anisotropic behavior anisotropic colloids anisotropic colloid anisotropic conductive films anisotropic conductive film anisotropic crystals anisotropic crystal anisotropic dielectrics anisotropic dielectric anisotropic effects anisotropic effect anisotropic elastic properties anisotropic elastic property anisotropic features anisotropic feature anisotropic films anisotropic film anisotropic mechanical properties anisotropic mechanical property anisotropic medium anisotropic media anisotropic metamaterials anisotropic metamaterial anisotropic models anisotropic model anisotropic nanoparticles anisotropic nanoparticle anisotropic orientations anisotropic orientation anisotropic properties anisotropic property anisotropic substrates anisotropic substrate anisotropic surfaces anisotropic surface anneal temperatures anneal temperature annealed materials annealed material annealed samples annealed sample annealing atmospheres annealing atmosphere annealing effects annealing effect annealing experiments annealing experiment annealing methods annealing method annealing procedures annealing procedure annealing process annealing process annealing techniques annealing technique annealing temperatures annealing temperature annealing treatments annealing treatment anniversaries and special events anniversaries and special event annulenes annulenes anode active materials anode active material anode buffer layers anode buffer layer anode catalysts anode catalyst anode electrode materials anode electrode material anode electrodes anode electrode anode material for lithium ion batteries anode material for lithium ion battery anode material of lithium ion batteries anode material for lithium ion battery anode materials anode material anode surfaces anode surface anodes anode anodic aluminum oxide anodic aluminium oxide anodic aluminum oxide membranes anodic aluminum oxide membrane anodic buffer layers anodic buffer layer anodic currents anodic current anodic electrocatalysts anodic electrocatalyst anodic materials anodic material anodic peaks anodic peak anodic photocurrents anodic photocurrent anodic potentials anodic potential anodic stripping analysis anodic stripping analysis anodizations anodization anodized aluminium oxides anodized aluminium oxide anodized aluminum oxide anodized aluminium oxide anomalous effects anomalous effect anomalous hall effects anomalous hall effect anomalous magnetic moments anomalous magnetic moment anomalous skin effect (ase) anomalous skin effect anoxic conditions anoxic condition anoxic sediments anoxic sediment antagonists and inhibitors antagonists and inhibitors antenna applications antenna application antenna arrays antenna array antenna feeders antenna feeder antenna grounds antenna ground antenna lobes antenna lobe antenna parameters antenna parameter antenna phased arrays antenna phased array antenna reflectors antenna reflector antenna structures antenna structure antenna-coupled antenna coupled antennas antenna anthracene derivatives anthracene derivative anthracene molecules anthracene molecule anthracenes anthracene anthraquinones anthraquinone anthropomorphic robots anthropomorphic robot anti bacteria antibacterial anti bacterial antibacterial anti bacterial activity antibacterial activity anti bacterial agent antibacterial agent anti bacterial behaviour antibacterial behaviour anti bacterial performance antibacterial performance anti bacterial study antibacterial study anti biofouling antibiofouling anti bonding state antibonding state anti cancer agent anticancer agent anti cancer drug anticancer drug anti cancer drug delivery anticancer drug delivery anti cancer therapeutic anticancer therapeutic anti cancer therapy anticancer therapy anti coagulation anticoagulation anti corrosion anticorrosion anti corrosion coating anticorrosion coating anti corrosion property anticorrosion property anti corrosive coating anticorrosion coating anti corrosive property anticorrosive property anti counterfeiting anticounterfeiting anti dot array antidot array anti fouling antifouling anti fouling ability antifouling ability anti friction and anti wear antifriction and antiwear anti fungal activity antifungal activity anti infective agent antifungal agent anti inflammatory agent antiinflammatory agent anti inflammatory agents, non steroidal antiinflammatory agents, non steroidal anti inflammatory drug antiinflammatory drug anti interference antiinterference anti interference property antiinterference property anti microbial activity antimicrobial activity anti microbial agent antimicrobial agent anti microbial effect antimicrobial effect anti microbial property antimicrobial property anti oxidant activity antioxidant activity anti oxidation antioxidation anti phase mode antiphase mode anti proliferative activity antiproliferative activity anti reflection antireflection anti reflection layer antireflection layer anti reflective coating antireflection coating anti resonance antiresonance anti solvent antisolvent anti static antistatic anti stoke antistoke anti symmetric antisymmetric anti tumor antitumor anti tumor activity antitumor activity anti tumor agent antitumor agent anti tumor efficacy antitumor efficacy anti virus antivirus anti wear antiwear anti-acne cosmetics anti acne cosmetic anti-bacteria antibacteria anti-bacterial antibacteria anti-bacterial activity antibacterial activity anti-bacterial agents antibacterial agent anti-bacterial behaviors antibacterial behaviour antibacterial coatings antibacterial coating antibacterial drugs antibacterial drug antibacterial effects antibacterial effect antibacterial materials antibacterial material antibacterial mechanisms antibacterial mechanism anti-bacterial performance antibacterial performance antibacterial properties antibacterial property anti-bacterial studies antibacterial study antibacterial tests antibacterial test anti-biofouling antibiofouling antibiotics antibiotic antibodies antibody antibodies, anti-idiotypic antibodies, anti idiotypic antibody-antigen antibody antigen antibody-antigen interactions antibody antigen interaction anti-bonding state antibonding state anticancer activities anticancer activity anti-cancer agents anticancer agent anti-cancer drug anti cncer drug anti-cancer drug delivery anticancer drug delivery anticancer drugs anticancer drug anticancer effects anticancer effect anti-cancer therapeutics anticancer therapeutic anti-cancer therapies anticancer therapy anticoagulant activities anticoagulant activity anticoagulant properties anticoagulant property anticoagulants anticoagulant anti-coagulation anticoagulation anticoagulation properties anticoagulation property anticonvulsants anticonvulsant anti-corrosion anticorrosion anti-corrosion coating anticorrosion coating anticorrosion coatings anticorrosion coating anti-corrosion property anticorrosion property anti-corrosive coatings anticorrosive coating anti-corrosive properties anticorrosive property anti-counterfeiting anticounterfeiting anticrossings anticrossings anti-dot array antidot array antidot lattices antidot lattice antidot structures antidot structure antidots antidot antiepileptic drugs antiepileptic drug antiferromagnet antiferromagnets antiferromagnet antiferromagnetic antiferromagnetic correlations antiferromagnetic correlation antiferromagnetic insulators antiferromagnetic insulator antiferro-magnetic interactions antiferro magnetic interaction antiferromagnetic materials antiferromagnetic material antiferromagnetic order antiferromagnetic ordering antiferromagnetic orderings antiferromagnetic ordering antiferromagnetic solutions antiferromagnetic solution antiferromagnetic spins antiferromagnetic spin antiferro-magnetically coupled antiferro magnetically coupled antiferromagnetics antiferromagnetic anti-fouling antifouling anti-fouling ability antifouling ability anti-fungal activity antifungal activity antifungal agents antifungal agent antigen detections antigen detection antigen-antibody binding antigen antibody binding antigen-antibody interaction antigen antibody interaction antigen-antibody reactions antigen antibody reaction antigens antigen antigens, tumor-associated, carbohydrate antigens, tumor associated, carbohydrate anti-infective agents antiinfective agent anti-inflammatory agents antiinflammatory agent anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs antiinflammatory drug anti-interference antiinterference anti-interference properties antiinterference property anti-microbial activity antimicrobial activity anti-microbial agent antimicrobial agent antimicrobial agents antimicrobial agent antimicrobial cationic peptides antimicrobial cationic peptide anti-microbial effects antimicrobial effect antimicrobial mechanisms antimicrobial mechanism antimicrobial properties antimicrobial property anti-microbial properties antimicrobial property antimonides antimonide antimony compounds antimony compound antimony-doped tin oxide antimony doped tin oxide antineoplastic agents antineoplastic agent antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocol antineoplastic hormone agonists and antagonists antineoplastic hormone agonists and antagonists antioxidant activities antioxidant activity anti-oxidant activities antioxidant activity antioxidants antioxidants anti-oxidation antioxidation antiparallel magnetizations antiparallel magnetization anti-phase mode antiphase mode anti-proliferative activities antiproliferative activity antiprotozoal agents antiprotozoal agent anti-reflection antireflection antireflection coatings antireflection coating antireflection films antireflection film anti-reflection layers antireflection layer anti-resonance antiresonance anti-solvents antisolvent anti-static antistatic anti-stokes antistoke anti-symmetric antisymmetric anti-tumor activities antitumor activity antitumor agents antitumor agent anti-tumor agents antitumor agent antitumor drugs antitumor drug anti-tumor efficacy antitumor efficacy anti-tumors antitumor antiviral agents antiviral agent anti-wear antiwear anvil cells anvil cells anyons anyons ap xps ap xps aperiodic multilayer structures aperiodic multilayer structure apex angle apex angles a-plane a plane apoferritins apoferritin apoptosis apoptosis application examples application example application fields application field application of polymers application of polymer application programs application programs application requirements application requirement application specific integrated circuits application specific integrated circuit application-oriented application oriented applications application applications in communications application in communication applied (co) applied applied bias applied bias applied electric fields applied electric field applied forces applied force applied loading applied load applied loads applied load applied magnetic fields applied magnetic field applied potentials applied potential applied stress applied stress applied voltages applied voltage applying pressure applyied pressure appropriate materials appropriate material appropriate techniques appropriate technique appropriate technologies appropriate technology approximants approximant approximate expressions approximate expression approximate methods approximate method approximation algorithms approximation algorithm aprotic electrolytes aprotic electrolyte aprotic polar solvents aprotic polar solvent aptamer biosensors aptamer biosensor aptamers aptamer aptasensors aptasensor aptes aptes aptms aptms apurinic endonuclease-1 apurinic endonuclease 1 ap-xps ap xps aquatic ecosystems aquatic ecosystem aquatic environments aquatic environment aquatic organisms aquatic organism aquatic species aquatic specy aqueous acids aqueous acid aqueous colloidal dispersions aqueous colloidal dispersion aqueous colloids aqueous colloid aqueous dispersions aqueous dispersion aqueous electrolyte solutions aqueous electrolyte solution aqueous exfoliations aqueous exfoliation aqueous extracts aqueous extract aqueous ionic solutions aqueous ionic solution aqueous liquids aqueous liquid aqueous medium aqueous media aqueous methanol solutions aqueous methanol solution aqueous mixtures aqueous mixture aqueous nacl solutions aqueous nacl solution aqueous organic pollutants aqueous organic pollutant aqueous phase synthesis aqueous phase synthesis aqueous samples aqueous sample aqueous solution methods aqueous solution method aqueous solutions aqueous solution aqueous solvents aqueous solvent aqueous surfactant solutions aqueous surfactant solution aqueous suspensions aqueous suspension aqueous systems aqueous system aqueous-phase synthesis aqueous phase synthesis ar plasmas ar plasma arabidopsis arabidopsis aramid fibers aramid fiber arbitrary angles arbitrary angle arbitrary constants arbitrary constant arbitrary patterns arbitrary pattern arbitrary surfaces arbitrary surface arbitrary values arbitrary value arc discharge plasmas arc discharge plasma arc discharge process arc discharge process arc discharges arc discharge arc-discharge arc discharge arc-discharge method arc discharge method arc-discharge process arc discharge process arc-discharge technique arc discharge technique arches arches architectural acoustics architectural acoustic architecture-based architecture based area ratios area ratio areal densities areal density arenes arenes arg gly asps arg gly asps arginine-glycine-aspartic acids arginine glycine aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl glycyl aspartic acid argon atmospheres argon atmosphere argon atoms argon atom argon clusters argon cluster argon gas argon gas argon lasers argon laser argon plasmas argon plasma arm processors arm processor armchair carbon nanotubes armchair carbon nanotubes armchair graphene nanoribbon armchair graphene nanoribbons armchair graphene nanoribbons armchair graphene nanoribbons arm-chair nanotubes arm chair nanotube armchair tubes armchair tube armchair-edge graphene nanoribbon armchair edge graphene nanoribbon aromatic alcohols aromatic alcohol aromatic amines aromatic amine aromatic chemicals aromatic chemical aromatic clusters aromatic cluster aromatic components aromatic component aromatic compounds aromatic compound aromatic cores aromatic core aromatic donors aromatic donor aromatic dyes aromatic dyes aromatic fragments aromatic fragment aromatic functional groups aromatic functional group aromatic hydrocarbons aromatic hydrocarbon aromatic moieties aromatic moiety aromatic molecules aromatic molecule aromatic nitro compounds aromatic nitro compound aromatic organic compounds aromatic organic compound aromatic pollutants aromatic pollutant aromatic polyimides aromatic polyimide aromatic polymers aromatic polymer aromatic precursors aromatic precursor aromatic residues aromatic residue aromatic rings aromatic ring aromatic structures aromatic structure aromaticities aromaticity arpes arpe array structures array structure arrays array array-type array type arrhenius arrhenius arrhenius plots arrhenius plots arsenic compounds arsenic compound arsenicals arsenicals artemisinins artemisinins article artifacts artifact artificial defects artificial defect artificial enzymes artificial enzyme artificial magnetic conductors artificial magnetic conductors artificial muscles artificial muscle artificial neural networks artificial neural network artificial organs artificial organ artificial photosynthesis artificial photosynthesis artificial photosynthetic systems artificial photosynthetic system artificial receptors artificial receptor artificial superlattices artificial superlattice artificial surfaces artificial surface artificial tissues artificial tissue aryl halides aryl halide aryl iodides aryl iodide arylations arylation arylboronic acids arylboronic acid aryldiazonium salts aryldiazonium salt as interfaces as interface asbestos asbestos ascorbic acids ascorbic acid as-deposited films as deposited film as-grown as grown as-grown films as grown film ash particles ash particle a-si:h a si:h aspartic acids aspartic acid aspergillosis aspergillosis aspergillus aspergillus aspergillus ochraceus aspergillus ochraceus assays assay assembled structures assembled structure assembling process assembling process assembly behaviors assembly behavior assembly modes assembly mode assembly process assembly process assembly routes assembly route assembly techniques assembly technique association energies association energy association process association process association reactions association reaction associative desorptions associative desorption associative mechanisms associative mechanism a-stability a stability a-stable a stable astm standards astm standard astrophysics astrophysic asymmetric bands asymmetric band asymmetric barriers asymmetric barrier asymmetric behaviors asymmetric behavior asymmetric bilayers asymmetric bilayer asymmetric capacitors asymmetric capacitor asymmetric configurations asymmetric configuration asymmetric contacts asymmetric contact asymmetric effects asymmetric effect asymmetric electrodes asymmetric electrode asymmetric gates asymmetric gate asymmetric quantum wells asymmetric quantum well asymmetric structures asymmetric structure asymmetric supercapacitors asymmetric supercapacitor asymmetric synthesis asymmetric synthesis asymmetric transmissions asymmetric transmission asymmetric-cells asymmetric cell asymmetric-junction asymmetric junction asymptotic analysis asymptotic analysis asymptotic behaviors asymptotic behavior asymptotic expressions asymptotic expression asymptotic values asymptotic value asynchronous asynchronous asynchronous modes asynchronous mode a-thermal a thermal atherosclerosis atherosclerosis atmospheric aerosols atmospheric aerosol atmospheric chemical vapor depositions atmospheric chemical vapor deposition atmospheric conditions atmospheric condition atmospheric movements atmospheric movement atmospheric plasma treatments atmospheric plasma treatment atmospheric pressure plasma jets atmospheric pressure plasma jet atmospheric pressure plasmas atmospheric pressure plasma atmospherics atmospheric atom defects atom defect atom displacements atom displacement atom force microscopy (afm) atom force microscopy atom lasers atom laser atom positions atom position atom transfer radical polymerization (atrp) atom transfer radical polymerization atom-atom interaction atom atom interaction atomic adsorptions atomic adsorption atomic beams atomic beam atomic bonding atomic bond atomic bonds atomic bond atomic chains atomic chain atomic clusters atomic cluster atomic configurations atomic configuration atomic crystals atomic crystal atomic defects atomic defect atomic diffusions atomic diffusion atomic distances atomic distance atomic force micrographs atomic force micrograph atomic force microscope (afm) atomic force microscope atomic force microscope cantilevers atomic force microscope cantilever atomic force microscope images atomic force microscope image atomic force microscopes atomic force microscopy atomic force microscopies (afm) atomic force microscopy atomic force microscopy (afm) atomic force microscopy atomic force microscopy tips atomic force microscopy tip atomic forces atomic force atomic geometries atomic geometry atomic hydrogens atomic hydrogen atomic interactions atomic interaction atomic layer deposition (ald) atomic layer deposition atomic layers atomic layer atomic levels atomic level atomic mass atomic mass atomic models atomic model atomic monolayers atomic monolayer atomic networks atomic network atomic numbers atomic number atomic perturbations atomic perturbation atomic physics atomic physics atomic planes atomic plane atomic positions atomic position atomic process atomic process atomic properties atomic property atomic resolution images atomic resolution image atomic resolution imaging atomic resolution image atomic roughness atomic roughness atomic rows atomic row atomic scale frictions atomic scale friction atomic scale structures atomic scale structure atomic scales atomic scale atomic simulations atomic simulation atomic sites atomic site atomic species atomic specy atomic steps atomic step atomic structures atomic structure atomic terraces atomic terrace atomic vacancies atomic vacancy atomic wires atomic wire atomically thin crystals atomically thin crystal atomic-length scale atomic length scale atomic-orbital basis atomic orbital basis atomic-resolution atomic resolution atomic-resolution imaging atomic resolution image atomic-scale defects atomic scale defect atomic-scale friction atomic scale friction atomic-scale mechanisms atomic scale mechanism atomic-scale simulations atomic scale simulation atomistic analysis atomistic analysis atomistic defects atomistic defect atomistic dynamics atomistic dynamic atomistic interactions atomistic interaction atomistic levels atomistic level atomistic methods atomistic method atomistic modelling atomistic modeling atomistic models atomistic model atomistic molecular dynamics atomistic molecular dynamic atomistic molecular dynamics simulations atomistic molecular dynamic simulation atomistic process atomistic process atomistic simulations atomistic simulation atomistic studies atomistic study atomistic thermodynamics atomistic thermodynamic atomistic-continuum model atomistic continuum model atomizers atomizer atom-probe atom probe atom-projected density atom projected density atoms atom atomtronics atomtronics atop sites atop site attachment process attachment process attenuated total reflection methods attenuated total reflection method attenuated total reflection-infrared attenuated total reflection infrared attenuated total reflections attenuated total reflection attenuation constants attenuation constant attenuation properties attenuation property attractive interactions attractive interaction attractive strategies attractive strategy attractive surfaces attractive surface attractive systems attractive system at-wavelength at wavelength au (111) substrates au (111) substrate au clusters au cluster au electrodes au electrode au nano rod au nanorod au nano rods au nanorod au nanoclusters au nanocluster au nanocrystals au nanocrystal au nanodots au nanodots au nanoparticles au nanoparticle au nanoparticles (aunps) au nanoparticle au nanowires au nanowire au nps au nps au particles au particle au surfaces au surface au(1 1 1 ) au(111) au(111) surfaces au(111) surface audio frequencies audio frequency auger decays auger decay auger electron spectroscopies (aes) auger electron spectroscopy auger process auger process auger transitions auger transition auger type process auger type process augers auger auger-type process auger type process aunps aunp aupd nanoparticles aupd nanoparticle au-pt alloy nanoparticles au pt alloy nanoparticle auto combustion synthesis auto combustion synthesis auto-combustion synthesis auto combustion synthesis autocorrelation functions autocorrelation function autocorrelators autocorrelator automobile exhibitions automobile exhibition automobile fuel tanks automobile fuel tank automobiles automobile automotive applications automotive application automotive fuels automotive fuel auxiliary differential equation (ade) auxiliary differential equation auxiliary differential equations auxiliary differential equation auxiliary electrodes auxiliary electrode auxiliary variables auxiliary variable average capacities average capacity average efficiencies average efficiency average magnetic moments average magnetic moment average numbers average number average sensitivities average sensitivity average sizes average size average surface roughness average surface roughness average values average value avian flu virus avian flu virus avian leukosis avian leukosis avian leukosis oncovirus avian leukosis oncovirus avian leukosis virus avian leukosis virus avrami analysis avrami analysis awards and prizes awards and prize axial forces axial force axial profiles axial profile axial stress axial stress axial tensions axial tension axons axon azide-alkyne cycloaddition azide alkyne cycloaddition azides azide azimuthal correlations azimuthal correlation aziridines aziridine a-zno zno azo compounds azo compound azo dyes azo dyes azo polymers azo polymer azobenzene molecules azobenzene molecule azomethine ylides azomethine ylide azulenes azulene b atoms atom b doped graphene doped graphene b doping doping b lymphocyte lymphocyte b spline spline b splines spline b. buckling buckling b. chemical properties chemical property b. chemical synthesis chemical synthesis b. chemical vapor deposition chemical vapor deposition b. composite composite b. composites composite b. creep creep b. crystal growth crystal growth b. defects defect b. density functional theory density functional theory b. eis eis b. elasticity elasticity b. electrical properties electrical property b. electron microscopy electron microscopy b. environmental degradation environmental degradation b. fibre/matrix bond fibre/matrix bond b. fracture fracture b. fracture toughness fracture toughness b. graphene graphene b. hardness hardness b. impact behavior impact behavior b. interface interface b. interface/interphase interface/interphase b. interfacial strength interfacial strength b. magnetic properties magnetic property b. mechanical properties mechanical property b. microstructure microstructure b. microstructures microstructure b. molecular beam epitaxy molecular beam epitaxy b. nanocomposite nanocomposite b. nanocomposites nanocomposite b. nanofabrications nanofabrication b. physical properties physical property b. plasma deposition plasma deposition b. plastic deformation plastic deformation b. raman spectroscopy raman spectroscopy b. residual/internal stress residual/internal stress b. sem sem b. sol gel chemistry sol gel chemistry b. sol-gel chemistry sol gel chemistry b. solvothermal solvothermal b. spectroscopy spectroscopy b. stress transfer stress transfer b. surface properties surface property b. synergism synergism b. thermal properties thermal property b. thermomechanical thermomechanical b. thermomechanical properties thermomechanical property b. vapor deposition vapor deposition b. vibration vibration b. wear wear b. x ray method x ray method b. x-ray methods x ray method b1. graphene graphene b1. nanomaterials nanomaterial b1. nitrides nitride b2. semiconducting silicon semiconducting silicon b3lyp/6-31g b3lyp/6 31g bacillus cereus bacillus cereus bacillus subtilis bacillus subtilis back- and top-gate back and top gate back end of line back end of the line back end of line process back end of line process back end of lines back end of the line back end of the lines back end of the line back gate bias backgate bias back gate electrodes backgate electrode back gate voltage backgate voltage back gates backgate backbone structures backbone structure back-end of line process back end of line process back-gate backgate back-gate bias backgate bias back-gate voltages backgate voltage background gas background gas background signals background signal back-scattered back scattered backscattered electrons backscattered electron backward scatterings backward scattering bacteria (microorganisms) bacteria bacterial cells bacterial cell bacterial infections bacterial infection bacterial membranes bacterial membrane bacterial pathogens bacterial pathogen bacterial phenomena and functions bacterial phenomena and function bacterial proteins bacterial protein bacterial strains bacterial strain bacterial toxins bacterial toxin bactericides bactericide bacteriophages bacteriophage bacteriorhodopsins bacteriorhodopsin bafe12o19 bafe ball milling process ball milling process ballistic devices ballistic device ballistic electron emission spectroscopies ballistic electron emission spectroscopy ballistic electron emissions ballistic electron emission ballistic electrons ballistic electron ballistic limits ballistic limit ballistic phonons ballistic phonon ballistic thermal conductances ballistic thermal conductance ballistic transistors ballistic transistor ballistic transports ballistic transport ballistics ballistic ball-milled ball milled ball-milled graphites ball milled graphite ball-milling ball milling ball-milling methods ball milling method ball-on-disk ball on disk balloons balloons balun circuits balun circuit bamboo species bamboo specy bamboo structures bamboo structure bamboo-like carbon nanotubes bamboo like carbon nanotube band alignments band alignment band centers band center band characteristics band characteristic band diagrams band diagram band dispersions band dispersion band edges band edge band fillings band filling band frequencies band frequency band gap effects band gap effect band gaps bandgap band insulators band insulator band modifications band modification band offsets band offset band parameters band parameter band pass band pass band shapes band shape band structure effects band structure effect band structures band structure band-edge absorption band edge absorption band-gap band gap bandgap energy band gap energy bandgap engineering band gap engineering band-gap engineering band gap engineering bandgap materials bandgap material band-gap modification band gap modification bandgap modulation band gap modulation band-gap modulations band gap modulation bandgap opening band gap opening band-gap opening band gap opening bandgap openings band gap opening bandgap properties bandgap property band-gap region band gap region band-gap semiconductors band gap semiconductor band-gap structures band gap structure bandgap transition band gap transition band-gap tuning band gap tuning band-gap values band gap value bandgaps bandgap bandpass filters bandpass filter band-structure band structure band-structure model band structure model band-to-band transition band to band transition band-to-band tunneling band to band tunneling band-to-band tunneling (btbt) band to band tunneling bang bang control systems bang bang control system bang-bang control bang bang control bar codes bar code bardeen methods bardeen method bardeen-cooper-schrieffer bardeen cooper schrieffer bardeen-cooper-schrieffer theory bardeen cooper schrieffer theory barium compounds barium compound barrier coatings barrier coating barrier effects barrier effect barrier films barrier film barrier height (bh) barrier height barrier heights barrier height barrier inhomogeneities barrier inhomogeneity barrier layers barrier layer barrier potentials barrier potential barrier properties barrier property barrier structures barrier structure barrier thickness barrier thickness barrier widths barrier widths barrier-free barrier free basal edges basal edge basal electrodes basal electrode basal planes basal plane base pair base pairing base pairs base pairing base sequences base sequence base-collectors base collector basic blocks basic block basic concepts basic concept basic conditions basic condition basic elements basic element basic logic gates basic logic gate basic parameters basic parameter basic principles basic principle basic properties basic property basic sites basic site basic solutions basic solution basis functions basis function basis sets basis set batch adsorption experiments batch adsorption experiment batch equilibration methods batch equilibration method batch experiments batch experiment batch mixers batch mixer batch modes batch mode batch process batch process batch reactors batch reactor batch systems batch system batch techniques batch technique bath temperatures bath temperature batteries battery batteries and fuel cells battery and fuel cells battery applications battery application battery materials battery material battery powered devices battery powered device battery systems battery system bayesian networks bayesian network bcs bcs b-doped graphene doped graphene b-doping doping beads bead beam currents beam current beam elements beam element beam energies beam energy beam lines beam line beam plasma interactions beam plasma interaction beams and girders beam and girder beam-steering beam steering bedt-ttf bedt ttf benchmark calculations benchmark calculation bend resistances bend resistance bending cycles bending cycle bending deformations bending deformation bending energies bending energy bending experiments bending experiment bending modes bending mode bending modulus bending moduli bending moments bending moment bending properties bending property bending radius bending radius bending stiffness bending stiffness bending tests bending test bending vibrations bending vibration beneficial effects beneficial effect benzaldehydes benzaldehyde benzene derivatives benzene derivative benzene dimers benzene dimer benzene molecules benzene molecule benzene vapors benzene vapor benzenesulfonates benzenesulfonate benzenoid rings benzenoid ring benzhydryl compounds benzhydryl compound benzidines benzidine benzimidazoles benzimidazole benzo[a]pyrene benzo(a)pyrene benzoates benzoate benzocyclobutene polymers benzocyclobutene polymer benzopyrans benzopyran benzoxazine monomers benzoxazine monomer benzyl chlorides benzyl chloride benzylamines benzylamine benzylic alcohols benzylic alcohol berkovich indenters berkovich indenter berry phasis berry phase berry's phase berry phase bessel functions bessel function bet adsorption isotherms bet adsorption isotherm bet analysis bet analysis beta-cyclodextrin beta cyclodextrin beta-cyclodextrins beta cyclodextrin beta-galactosidase beta galactosidase bethe-salpeter bethe salpeter bethe-salpeter equation bethe salpeter equation beverages beverage beyond cmos beyond cmos bi functional bifunctional bi functional catalyst bifunctional catalyst bi functional mechanism bifunctional mechanism bi layer bilayer bi layer device bilayer device bi layer film bilayer film bi layer graphene bilayer graphene bi layer structure bilayer structure bi layers bilayer bi stability bistability bi stable state bistable state bias bias bias conditions bias condition bias points bias point bias stress bias stress biased voltage bias voltage biasing condition bias condition biasing conditions bias condition biasing field bias field bias-voltage regions bias voltage region biaxial strain biaxial strains biaxial strains biaxial strains biaxial stress biaxial stress biaxial tensions biaxial tension bibliometric analysis bibliometric analysis bibliometrics bibliometric bicontinuous bicontinuous bicontinuous structures bicontinuous structure bicrystals bicrystal biexcitons biexciton bifacial dye sensitized solar cells bifacial dye sensitized solar cells bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells bifacial dye sensitized solar cell bifeo3 bifeo3 bi-functional bifunctional bifunctional catalysts bifunctional catalyst bi-functional catalysts bifunctional catalyst bifunctional electrocatalysts bifunctional electrocatalyst bi-functional mechanisms bifunctional mechanism bifunctional molecules bifunctional molecule bi-layer bilayer bilayer actuators bilayer actuator bi-layer devices bilayer device bi-layer films bilayer film bilayer graphemes bilayer graphene bi-layer graphene bilayer graphene bilayer graphene (blg) bilayer graphene bilayer graphene nanoribbon (bgn) bilayer graphene nanoribbon bilayer graphene nanoribbons bilayer graphene nanoribbon bilayer graphene sheets bilayer graphene sheet bilayer materials bilayer material bi-layer structure bilayer structure bilayer structures bilayer structure bilayer systems bilayer system bilayers bilayer bile salts bile salt billiard models billiard model bimetallic alloys bimetallic alloy bimetallic catalysts bimetallic catalyst bimetallic nanocrystals bimetallic nanocrystal bimetallic nanoparticles bimetallic nanoparticle bimetallic nanostructures bimetallic nanostructure bimetallic particles bimetallic particle bimetallic pt-au nanoparticles bimetallic pt au nanoparticle bimetallic structures bimetallic structure bimetals bimetal bimolecular rate constants bimolecular rate constant binary alloys binary alloy binary catalysts binary catalyst binary collision models binary collision model binary combinations binary combination binary composites binary composite binary compounds binary compound binary informations binary information binary metals binary metal binary mixtures binary mixture binary systems binary system binder free composite paper electrodes binder free composite paper electrode binder-free binder free binder-free anode binder free anode binder-free electrode binder free electrode binder-free electrodes binder free electrode binderless binderless binders binder binding abilities binding ability binding affinities binding affinity binding capacities binding capacity binding characteristics binding characteristic binding energy analysis binding energy analysis binding energy positions binding energy position binding energy shifts binding energy shift binding events binding event binding forces binding force binding groups binding group binding kinetics binding kinetic binding ligands binding ligand binding mechanisms binding mechanism binding methods binding method binding models binding model binding modes binding mode binding properties binding property binding sites binding site bio based biobased bio based polymer biobased polymer bio chars biochar bio chemical sensor biochemical sensor bio composite biocomposite bio compound biocompound bio conjugation bioconjugate bio device biodevice bio electrochemical bioelectrochemical bio electrochemical system bioelectrochemical system bio electronic interface bioelectronic interface bio energy bioenergy bio functionality biofunctionality bio functionalization biofunctionalization bio imaging bioimaging bio inspiration bioinspiration bio inspired bioinspired bio inspired approach bioinspired approach bio inspired design bioinspired design bio inspired material bioinspired material bio inspired synthesis bioinspired synthesis bio medical diagnostic biomedical diagnostic bio medical diagnostics biomedical diagnostic bio molecular biomolecular bio nanocomposite bionanocomposite bio recognition biorecognition bio sensing biosensing bio sensor platform biosensor platform bio sensor system biosensor system bio separation bioseparation bioactive molecules bioactive molecule bioactive properties bioactive property bioactive substances bioactive substance bioanalysis bioanalysis bioanalytical applications bioanalytical application bioapplications bioapplication bio-based biobased bio-based polymers biobased polymer biocatalysis biocatalysis biocatalysts biocatalyst biocatalytic applications biocatalytic application biocatalytic process biocatalytic process biocathodes biocathode bioceramics bioceramic biochemical analysis biochemical analysis biochemical molecules biochemical molecule biochemical properties biochemical property bio-chemical sensor biochemical sensor biochemical studies biochemical study biochips biochip biocompatible films biocompatible film biocompatible interfaces biocompatible interface biocompatible materials biocompatible material biocompatible scaffolds biocompatible scaffold biocompatible surfaces biocompatible surface biocomponents biocomponent biocomposite films biocomposite film biocomposites biocomposite bio-composites biocomposite bio-compounds biocompound bioconjugates bioconjugate bioconjugation bioconjugate bio-conjugation bioconjugate biodegra dable material biodegradable material biodegradable macromolecules biodegradable macromolecule biodegra-dable materials biodegradable material biodegradable nanocomposites biodegradable nanocomposite biodegradable polymers biodegradable polymer bio-devices biodevice biodiagnostics biodiagnostics biodistributions biodistribution bioelectric energy sources bioelectric energy source bioelectro catalysis bioelectrocatalysis bioelectro-catalysis bioelectrocatalysis bio-electrochemical bioelectrochemical bio-electrochemical systems bioelectrochemical system bioelectrodes bioelectrode bioelectronic applications bioelectronic application bio-electronic interface bioelectronic interface bioelectronics bioelectronic bioelectronics devices bioelectronic device bio-energy bioenergy biofilms biofilm biofuel cells biofuel cell biofuels biofuel bio-functionalities biofunctionality bio-functionalization biofunctionalization biogas biogas biographies biography biohazards biohazards bio-imaging bioimaging bioinformatics bioinformatic bio-inspiration bioinspiration bio-inspired bioinspired bio-inspired approach bioinspired approach bio-inspired designs bioinspired design bioinspired materials bioinspired material bio-inspired materials bioinspired material bio-inspired synthesis bioinspired synthesis biointerfaces biointerface biological activities biological activity biological agents biological agent biological analysis biological analysis biological analytes biological analysis biological applications biological application biological assays biological assay biological cells biological cells biological effects biological effect biological environments biological environment biological fields biological field biological fluids biological fluid biological fuel cells biological fuel cells biological functions biological function biological influences biological influence biological interactions biological interaction biological ion channels biological ion channel biological markers biological marker biological materials biological material biological matrixes biological matrix biological membranes biological membrane biological methods biological method biological objects biological object biological organs biological organ biological oxygen demand analysis biological oxygen demand analysis biological polymers biological polymer biological probes biological probe biological process biological process biological products biological product biological properties biological property biological proteins biological protein biological reductions biological reduction biological samples biological sample biological sensors biological sensor biological solutions biological solution biological species biological specy biological specimens biological specimens biological systems biological system biological tissues biological tissue biological wastewater treatment process biological wastewater treatment process biologically active molecules biologically active molecule biomacromolecules biomacromolecule biomarker biomarkers biomarkers biomarkers biomass biomass biomass hydrolysates biomass hydrolysate biomass wastes biomass waste biomaterial scaffolds biomaterial scaffold biomaterials biomaterial biomaterials applications biomaterial application biomechanics biomechanic biomedical and dental materials biomedical and dental material biomedical applications biomedical application biomedical device applications biomedical device application biomedical devices biomedical device biomedical diagnosis biomedical diagnosis biomedical fields biomedical field biomedical implants biomedical implant biomedical properties biomedical property biomedical systems biomedical system biomimetic catalysts biomimetic catalyst biomimetic materials biomimetic material biomimetic processes biomimetic process biomimetic sensors biomimetic sensor biomimetic structures biomimetic structure biomimetic synthesis biomimetic synthesis biomimetics biomimetic biominerals biomineral bio-molecular biomolecular biomolecular detections biomolecular detection biomolecular electronics biomolecular electronic biomolecular interactions biomolecular interaction biomolecule analysis biomolecule analysis biomolecule interactions biomolecule interaction biomolecules biomolecule bio-nanocomposite bionanocomposite bionanocomposite films bionanocomposite film bionanocomposites bionanocomposite bionics bionic biophysical properties biophysical property biophysics biophysic biopolymers biopolymer biopolymers & renewable polymers biopolymer and renewable polymer biopolymers and renewable polymers biopolymer and renewable polymer bioreactors bioreactor bioreceptors bioreceptor biorecognition elements biorecognition element bioscience applications bioscience application bio-sensing biosensing biosensing applications biosensing application biosensing devices biosensing device biosensing platforms biosensing platform biosensing systems biosensing system biosensing techniques biosensing technique biosensor applications biosensor application bio-sensor platforms biosensor platform bio-sensor systems biosensor system biosensors biosensor bio-separation bioseparation biosorbents biosorbent biosynthesis biosynthesis biotechnological applications biotechnological application biotechnological procedures biotechnological procedure biotin-streptavidin biotin streptavidin bipartite lattices bipartite lattice biphasic calcium phosphates biphasic calcium phosphate biphenyl compounds biphenyl compound bipo4 bipo4 bipolar characteristics bipolar characteristic bipolar junctions bipolar junction bipolar plates bipolar plate bipolar transistors bipolar transistor bipyridines bipyridine birds bird biscoumarins biscoumarin bismaleimide composites bismaleimide composite bismuth compounds bismuth compound bismuth ferrites bismuth ferrite bismuth nanoparticles bismuth nanoparticle bismuth oxides bismuth oxide bismuth strontium calcium copper oxides bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide bismuth vanadates bismuth vanadate bismuth-film electrode bismuth film electrode bis-phenol a bis phenol a bisphenol a polycarbonates bisphenol a polycarbonate bisphenol-a bisphenol a bisphenols bisphenol s bi-stability bistability bistable devices bistable device bi-stable state bistable state bistables bistable bitrates bitrate bivo4 bivo4 black phosphorus black phosphorus blast furnaces blast furnace blend blending blend films blend film blend nanocomposites blend nanocomposite blended film blend film blended films blend film blends blending blinking statistics blinking statistic bloch electrons bloch electron bloch equations bloch equation bloch oscillations bloch oscillation bloch wave functions bloch wave function bloch waves bloch wave block copolymer self-assembly block copolymer self assembly block copolymer thin films block copolymer thin film block copolymers block copolymer blocking agents blocking agent blocking layers blocking layer blood analysis blood analysis blood chemical analysis blood chemical analysis blood platelets blood platelet blood proteins blood protein blood substitutes blood substitute blood sugars blood sugar blood vessels blood vessel blood-brain barrier blood brain barrier blood-compatible blood compatible blowing agents blowing agent blue leds blue led blue light emissions blue light emission blue light emitting diodes blue light emitting diode blue light-emitting blue light emitting blue shifted blue shift blue shifts blue shift blueshift blue shift blue-shifted blue shift blueshifts blue shift bn films bn film boats boat body effects body effect body fluids body fluid bogoliubov-de gennes equations bogoliubov de gennes equation bohr magnetons bohr magnetons boiling heat-transfer coefficients boiling heat transfer coefficient bolometers bolometers boltzmann approximations boltzmann approximation boltzmann kinetic equations boltzmann kinetic equation bombardment process bombardment process bond deformations bond deformation bond densities bond density bond distortions bond distortion bond energies bond energy bond interactions bond interaction bond ordering bond order bond orders bond order bond rotations bond rotation bond stiffness bond stiffness bond strengths bond strength bond structures bond structure bond-breaking bond breaking bonded interaction bond interaction bonded interactions bond interaction bonded material bond material bonded materials bond material bonded state bond state bonded structure bond structure bonded system bond system bonded systems bond system bonding analysis bonding analysis bonding characteristics bonding characteristic bonding configurations bonding configuration bonding electrons bonding electron bonding energies bonding energy bonding forces bonding force bonding interactions bonding interaction bonding layers bonding layer bonding networks bonding network bonding orbitals bonding orbital bonding patterns bonding pattern bond-order potential bond order potential bond-stretching bond stretching bone and bones bone and bone bone cells bone cells bone cements bone cement bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell bone morphogenetic protein 2 bone morphogenetic protein bone morphogenetic protein-2 bone morphogenetic protein bone morphogenetic proteins bone morphogenetic protein bone prosthesis bone prosthesis bone substitutes bone substitute boolean functions boolean function boolean logic functions boolean logic function boranes borane borates borate border traps border tra boric acids boric acid boride coatings boride coating borides boride born-oppenheimer approximation born oppenheimer approximation born-oppenheimer molecular dynamics born oppenheimer molecular dynamic borocarbonitrides borocarbonitride borohydride reductions borohydride reduction borohydrides borohydride boron carbonitride boron carbon nitride boron clusters boron cluster boron compounds boron compound boron concentrations boron concentration boron nitride (bn) boron nitride boron nitride films boron nitride film boron nitride nanoribbon boron nitride nanoribbons boron nitride nanoribbons boron nitride nanoribbons boron nitride nanosheets boron nitride nanosheet boron nitride nanotubes boron nitride nanotube boron nitride sheets boron nitride sheet boron oxides boron oxide boron-doped boron doped boron-doped carbons boron doped carbon boron-doped diamond boron doped diamond boron-doped graphene boron doped graphene boron-doping boron doping boronic acids boronic acid boronic esters boronic ester boron-layers boron layer boron-nitride boron nitride boron-nitride nanotubes boron nitride nanotube borophosphate glass borophosphate glass borosilicate glass borosilicate glass bos bos bose condensates bose condensate bose-einstein condensates bose einstein condensate bose-einstein condensation bose einstein condensation bosons boson bottleneck effects bottleneck effect bottles bottle bottom electrodes bottom electrode bottom layers bottom layer bottom surfaces bottom surface bottom up methods bottom up method bottom up synthesis bottom up synthesis bottom-contact bottom contact bottom-up bottom up bottom-up and top-down bottom up and top down bottom-up approach bottom up approach bottom-up design bottom up design bottom-up fabrication bottom up fabrication bottom-up growth bottom up growth bottom-up nanofabrication bottom up nanofabrication bottom-up strategy bottom up strategy bottom-up synthesis bottom up synthesis botulinum neurotoxins botulinum neurotoxins bound state solutions bound state solution bound states bound state bound water molecules bound water molecule boundary conditions boundary condition boundary effects boundary effect boundary lubrications boundary lubrication boundary potentials boundary potential boundary regions boundary region boundary stress boundary stress boundary value problems boundary value problem bound-state energies bound state energy bound-state spectrum bound state spectrum bovine interleukin-4 bovine serum albumins bovine serum albumin bow-tie antennas bow tie antenna box-behnken design box behnken design brackish water desalinations brackish water desalination bragg gaps bragg gap bragg grating filters bragg grating filter bragg gratings bragggrating bragg reflectors bragg reflector braid groups braid group brain neoplasms brain branched alkanes branched alkane bravais lattices bravais lattice break junctions break junction breakdown characteristics breakdown characteristic breakdown currents breakdown current breakdown strengths breakdown strength breaking stress breaking stress breast cancer cells breast cancer cells breast metastasis breast metastasis breast neoplasms breast breath analysis breath analysis breath tests breath test breathing modes breathing mode bridge decks bridge decks bridge effects bridge effect bridge sites bridge site bridges bridge bridging effects bridging effect bright fields bright field brightfield bright field brightness brightness brillouin zones brillouin zone brittle failures brittle failure brittleness brittleness britton-robinson buffer britton robinson buffer broad absorptions broad absorption broad band broadband broad band dielectric spectroscopy broadband dielectric spectroscopy broad bands broadband broad bandwidths broad bandwidth broad spectral broad spectrum broad temperature ranges broad temperature range broadband absorbers broadband absorbers broadband amplifiers broadband amplifier broad-band dielectric spectroscopy broadband dielectric spectroscopy broadband modulators broadband modulator broadband optical antennas broadband optical antenna broad-band photoluminescence broad band photoluminescence broad-band spectrum broad band spectrum broken bonds broken bond broken time-reversal symmetry broken time reversal symmetry bromides bromide brominated flame retardants brominated flame retardants bromine compounds bromine compound brownian dynamics brownian dynamic brunauer emmet teller brunauer emmett teller brunauer emmet tellers brunauer emmett teller brunauer emmett teller analysis brunauer emmett teller analysis brunauer emmett tellers brunauer emmett teller brunauer-emmett-teller method brunauer emmett teller method brunauer-emmett-teller surface area analyzers brunauer emmett teller surface area analyzer brunauer-emmett-teller surface areas brunauer emmett teller surface area brushes brush b-splines bspline buckling analysis buckling analysis buckling behaviors buckling behavior buckling instabilities buckling instability buckling loads buckling load buckling parameters buckling parameter buckling stress buckling stress buckling transitions buckling transition buckminsterfullerenes buckminsterfullerenes buckybowls buckybowl buffer concentrations buffer concentration buffer gas buffer gas buffer layers buffer layer buffer solutions buffer solution buffers buffer building blockes building block building blocks building block building materials building material built-in electric fields built in electric field built-in fields built in field built-in potential built in potential bulge tests bulge test bulk cohesive energies bulk cohesive energy bulk composites bulk composite bulk compositions bulk composition bulk compounds bulk compound bulk conductivities bulk conductivity bulk crystals bulk crystal bulk defects bulk defect bulk diffusions bulk diffusion bulk electrodes bulk electrode bulk heterojunction (bhj) bulk heterojunction bulk heterojunction organic solar cells bulk heterojunction organic solar cells bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices bulk heterojunction photovoltaic device bulk heterojunction solar cell bulk heterojunction solar cells bulk heterojunction solar cells bulk heterojunction solar cells bulk heterojunctions bulk heterojunction bulk lasers bulk laser bulk materials bulk material bulk metals bulk metal bulk modulus bulk modulus bulk properties bulk property bulk samples bulk sample bulk semiconductors bulk semiconductor bulk single crystals bulk single crystal bulk solids bulk solid bulk solutions bulk solution bulk substrates bulk substrate bulk synthesis bulk synthesis bulk-heterojunction (bhj) bulk heterojunction bulk-heterojunction solar cells bulk heterojunction solar cells bulk-like bulk like bulk-mode bulk mode buried gates buried gate busbars busbars butanes butane butanol dehydrations butanol dehydration butenes butane butyl acrylates butyl acrylate butyl methacrylates butyl methacrylate butylamines butylamine butyric acids butyric acid butyrolactones butyrolactone byproducts byproducts c c (programming language) c 60 c 60 c atoms atom c f bond c f bonding c. ab initio calculations ab initio calculation c. afm afm c. analytical modeling analytical modeling c. analytical modelling analytical modeling c. atomic force microscopy atomic force microscopy c. computational modeling computational modeling c. computational modelling computational modeling c. defects defect c. electrical conductivity electrical conductivity c. electrical properties electrical property c. electrochemical measurements electrochemical measurement c. electron microscopy electron microscopy c. electronic structure electronic structure c. finite element analysis (fea) finite element analysis c. fracture toughness fracture toughness c. grain boundary grain boundary c. infrared spectroscopy infrared spectroscopy c. mechanical properties mechanical property c. micro mechanic micro mechanic c. micro-mechanics micro mechanic c. modelling modeling c. molecular dynamics molecular dynamic c. molecular dynamics simulation molecular dynamics simulation c. optical properties optical property c. oxidation oxidation c. photoelectron spectroscopy photoelectron spectroscopy c. point defects point defect c. raman spectroscopy raman spectroscopy c. scanning tunneling microscopy scanning tunneling microscopy c. thermal conductivity thermal conductivity c. thermogravimetric analysis thermogravimetric analysis c. thermogravimetric analysis (tga) thermogravimetric analysis c. thin film transistor (tft) thin film transistor c. toughness and toughening toughness and toughening c. transmission electron microscopy transmission electron microscopy c. x ray diffraction x ray diffraction c. x-ray diffraction x ray diffraction c/c composite c c composite c/c composites c c composite c/si ratio c si ratio c60 c 60 c60 c 60 c60 c 60 c60 molecule c 60 molecule c60 molecules c 60 molecule ca 15-3 antigen ca 15 3 antigen ca 19-9 antigen ca 19 9 antigen ca-125 antigen ca 125 antigen ca-19-9 antigen ca 19 9 antigen cables cable caco 2 cells caco 2 cells caco-2 cells caco 2 cell ca-decorated graphene ca decorated graphene cadmium alloys cadmium alloy cadmium compounds cadmium compound cadmium ions cadmium ion cadmium selenides cadmium selenide cadmium sulfide solar cells cadmium sulfide solar cells cadmium sulfides cadmium sulfide cadmium(ii) cadmium ca-doped ca doped caenorhabditis elegans caenorhabditis elegans caenorhabditis elegans proteins caenorhabditis elegans protein caffeic acids caffeic acid c-afm c afm cage-like structures cage like structure calcination conditions calcination condition calcined layered double hydroxides calcined layered double hydroxide calcium alloys calcium alloy calcium compounds calcium compound calcium ions calcium ion calcium phosphate nanoparticles calcium phosphate nanoparticle calculated values calculated value calculation methods calculation method calculation results calculation result calculations calculation calibration constants calibration constant calibration curves calibration curve calibration graphs calibration graphs calixarenes calixarene calorimeters calorimeter calorimetric enthalpies calorimetric enthalpy camellia sinensis camellia sinensis camptothecin (cpt) camptothecin camptothecins camptothecin cancer biomarker cancer biomarkers cancer biomarker detections cancer biomarker detection cancer biomarkers cancer biomarkers cancer cell cancer cells cancer cell lines cancer cell line cancer cells cancer cells cancer diagnosis cancer diagnosis cancer markers cancer marker cancer metastasis cancer metastasis cancer photothermal therapies cancer photothermal therapy cancer stem cell cancer stem cells cancer stem cells cancer stem cells cancer therapeutics cancer therapeutics candida albicans candida albicans candidate materials candidate material cantilever beams cantilever beam cantilever devices cantilever device cap layers cap layer capacitance characteristics capacitance characteristic capacitance properties capacitance property capacitance values capacitance value capacitance voltage measurements capacitance voltage measurement capacitance-voltage capacitance voltage capacitance-voltage characteristics capacitance voltage characteristic capacitive behaviors capacitive behavior capacitive characteristics capacitive characteristic capacitive charges capacitive charge capacitive couplings capacitive coupling capacitive currents capacitive current capacitive deionization (cdi) capacitive deionization capacitive deionization process capacitive deionization process capacitive forces capacitive force capacitive humidity sensors capacitive humidity sensor capacitive materials capacitive material capacitive models capacitive model capacitive sensors capacitive sensor capacitively coupled plasmas capacitively coupled plasma capacitive-type capacitive type capacitor materials capacitor material capacitor structures capacitor structure capacitors capacitor capacity fading rates capacity fading rate capacity loss capacity loss capillary columns capillary columns capillary electrophoresis capillary electrophoresis capillary interactions capillary interaction capillary zone electrophoresis capillary zone electrophoresis capping materials capping material capsules capsule capture cross sections capture cross section carbamate pesticides carbamate pesticide carbamates carbamate carbaril carbaryl carbenes carbene carbide composites carbide composite carbide nanoparticles carbide nanoparticle carbide particles carbide particle carbide phasis carbide phase carbide surfaces carbide surface carbides carbide carbocatalysis carbocatalysis carbocatalysts carbocatalyst carbocyanines carbocyanine carbodiimide hydrochlorides carbodiimide hydrochloride carbodiimides carbodiimide carbofurans carbofuran carbohydrate epitopes carbohydrate epitope carbohydrate-protein interactions carbohydrate protein interaction carbohydrates carbohydrate carbon ad-atoms carbon ad atom carbon additives carbon additive carbon adsorbents carbon adsorbent carbon aerogels carbon aerogel carbon allotropes carbon allotrope carbon and borons carbon and borons carbon and hydrogens carbon and hydrogen carbon anodes carbon anode carbon atomic chains carbon atomic chain carbon atoms carbon atom carbon based adsorbents carbon based adsorbent carbon based catalysts carbon based catalyst carbon based composites carbon based composite carbon based materials carbon based material carbon black particles carbon black particle carbon blacks carbon black carbon bonds carbon bond carbon carbon composites carbon carbon composite carbon carbons carbon carbon carbon catalysis carbon catalysis carbon catalysts carbon catalyst carbon ceramic electrodes carbon ceramic electrode carbon chains carbon chain carbon cloths carbon cloth carbon clusters carbon cluster carbon composite materials carbon composite material carbon composites carbon composite carbon compounds carbon compound carbon concentrations carbon concentration carbon conductive additives carbon conductive additive carbon counter electrodes carbon counter electrode carbon crystallites carbon crystallite carbon crystals carbon crystal carbon devices carbon device carbon dimers carbon dimer carbon dioxide conversions carbon dioxide conversion carbon dioxide lasers carbon dioxide laser carbon dioxide sensors carbon dioxide sensor carbon dot carbon dots carbon dynamics carbon dynamic carbon electrodes carbon electrode carbon electronics carbon electronic carbon elements carbon element carbon fiber electrodes carbon fiber electrode carbon fiber/epoxy composites carbon fiber/epoxy composite carbon fibers carbon fiber carbon fibre carbon fiber carbon films carbon film carbon fluorides carbon fluoride carbon fluxes carbon flux carbon foils carbon foil carbon forms carbon form carbon growths carbon growth carbon hollow-spheres carbon hollow sphere carbon impurities carbon impurity carbon inorganic compounds carbon inorganic compound carbon ionic liquid electrodes carbon ionic liquid electrode carbon ions carbon ion carbon isotopes carbon isotope carbon k-edge carbon k edge carbon lattices carbon lattice carbon layers carbon layer carbon materials carbon material carbon microelectromechanical systems carbon microelectromechanical system carbon microspheres carbon microsphere carbon microstructures carbon microstructure carbon molecules carbon molecule carbon nano material carbon nanomaterial carbon nano particle carbon nanoparticle carbon nano particles carbon nanoparticle carbon nano structure carbon nanostructure carbon nano structures carbon nanostructure carbon nano tube carbon nanotubes carbon nano tube field effect transistor (cntfet) carbon nanotube field effect transistor carbon nano tube structure carbon nanotube structure carbon nanocages carbon nanocage carbon nanocapsules carbon nanocapsule carbon nanoclusters carbon nanocluster carbon nanocones carbon nanocone carbon nanoelectronics carbon nanoelectronic carbon nanofiber composites carbon nanofiber composite carbon nanofibers carbon nanofiber carbon nanofibre carbon nanofiber carbon nanofibres carbon nanofiber carbon nanofillers carbon nanofiller carbon nanoflakes carbon nanoflake carbon nanohorn aggregates carbon nanohorn aggregate carbon nanohorns carbon nanohorn carbon nano-material carbon nanomaterial carbon nanomaterials carbon nanomaterial carbon nano-materials carbon nanomaterial carbon nanoparticles carbon nanoparticle carbon nano-particles carbon nanoparticle carbon nanopores carbon nanopore carbon nanopowders carbon nanopowder carbon nanoribbon carbon nanoribbons carbon nanorings carbon nanoring carbon nanoscroll carbon nanoscrolls carbon nanosheets carbon nanosheet carbon nanospheres carbon nanosphere carbon nanostructured materials carbon nanostructured material carbon nanostructures carbon nanostructure carbon nano-structures carbon nanostructure carbon nano-tube carbon nanotubes carbon nanotube (cnt) carbon nanotubes carbon nanotube arrays carbon nanotube array carbon nanotube composite films carbon nanotube composite film carbon nanotube devices carbon nanotube device carbon nanotube electrodes carbon nanotube electrode carbon nano-tube field effect transistor (cntfet) carbon nano tube field effect transistor carbon nanotube field effect transistors carbon nanotube field effect transistor carbon nanotube field-effect transistors carbon nanotube field effect transistor carbon nanotube films carbon nanotube film carbon nanotube growths carbon nanotube growth carbon nanotube junctions carbon nanotube junction carbon nanotube membranes carbon nanotube membrane carbon nanotube nanocomposites carbon nanotube nanocomposite carbon nanotube sensors carbon nanotube sensor carbon nano-tube structures carbon nanotube structure carbon nanotube synthesis carbon nanotube synthesis carbon nanotube transistors carbon nanotube transistor carbon nanotube-polymer composites carbon nanotube polymer composite carbon nano-tubes carbon nanotubes carbon nanotubes (cnt) carbon nanotubes carbon nanotubes (cnts) carbon nanotubes carbon nanotubes composites carbon nanotubes composite carbon nanotubes field effect transistors carbon nanotubes field effect transistor carbon nanowall carbon nanowalls carbon nanowalls (cnw) carbon nanowalls carbon nanowires carbon nanowire carbon networks carbon network carbon nitride films carbon nitride film carbon onions carbon onion carbon orbitals carbon orbital carbon papers carbon paper carbon pastes carbon paste carbon phasis carbon phase carbon phenolic composites carbon phenolic composite carbon precursors carbon precursor carbon products carbon product carbon quantum dots carbon quantum dots carbon radicals carbon radical carbon reinforcements carbon reinforcements carbon rings carbon ring carbon sheets carbon sheet carbon shell carbon shells carbon slit pores carbon slit pore carbon sources carbon source carbon species carbon specy carbon spheres carbon sphere carbon structures carbon structure carbon substrates carbon substrate carbon supercapacitors carbon supercapacitor carbon support materials carbon support material carbon supported pt carbon supported platinum carbon supports carbon support carbon surfaces carbon surface carbon systems carbon system carbon thin films carbon thin film carbon transistors carbon transistor carbon vacancies carbon vacancy carbon wires carbon wire carbon xerogels carbon xerogel carbon/carbon carbon/carbon carbon/epoxy composite carbon epoxy composite carbon/epoxy composites carbon epoxy composite carbon-13 carbon 13 carbonaceous adsorbents carbonaceous adsorbent carbonaceous anodes carbonaceous anode carbonaceous components carbonaceous component carbonaceous fibers carbonaceous fiber carbonaceous impurities carbonaceous layers carbonaceous layer carbonaceous materials carbonaceous material carbonaceous mesophases carbonaceous mesophase carbonaceous nanoparticles carbonaceous nanoparticle carbonaceous particles carbonaceous particle carbonaceous products carbonaceous product carbonates carbonate carbon-based carbon based carbon-based composite materials carbon based composite material carbon-based electrodes carbon based electrode carbon-based electronics carbon based electronic carbon-based materials carbon based material carbon-based nanoelectronics carbon based nanoelectronic carbon-based nanomaterials carbon based nanomaterial carbon-based nanosorbents carbon based nanosorbent carbon-based nanostructures carbon based nanostructure carbon-based solid acid carbon based solid acid carbon-based structures carbon based structure carbon-based thin film carbon based thin film carbon-carbon bond carbon carbon bond carbon-carbon coupling carbon carbon coupling carbon-carbon interaction carbon carbon interaction carbon-circle carbon circle carbon-cluster anions carbon cluster anion carbon-coated carbon coated carbon-coated layers carbon coated layer carbon-containing materials carbon containing material carbon-encapsulated carbon encapsulated carbon-halogen bond carbon halogen bond carbon-hydrogen bond carbon hydrogen bond carbon-implantation carbon implantation carbonitrides carbonitride carbonization methods carbonization method carbonization process carbonization process carbonization temperatures carbonization temperature carbon-microelectromechanical systems carbon microelectromechanical system carbon-nanotube carbon nanotube carbon-nanotube composites carbon nanotube composite carbon-nanotube suspensions carbon nanotube suspension carbon-oxygen bonds carbon oxygen bond carbon-polymer composites carbon polymer composite carbon-rich carbon rich carbon-rich materials carbon rich material carbon-supported pt carbon supported platinum carbonyl and carboxyl groups carbonyl and carboxyl group carbonyl compounds carbonyl compound carbonyl groups carbonyl group carbonyl iron particles carbonyl iron particle carboranes carborane carboxy methylcellulose carboxy methyl cellulose carboxyl functionalized graphene oxides carboxyl functionalized graphene oxide carboxyl groups carboxyl group carboxylate anions carboxylate anion carboxylate functional groups carboxylate functional group carboxylate groups carboxylate group carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes carboxylated multi walled carbon nanotube carboxyl-functionalized carboxyl functionalized carboxylic acid groups carboxylic acid group carboxylic acids carboxylic acid carboxylic functionalities carboxylic functionality carboxy-methyl cellulose carboxy methyl cellulose carbynes carbyne carcino-embryonic antigen carcino embryonic antigen carcinoembryoninc antigen carcinoembryonic antigen carcinogens carcinogen carcinoma cell lines carcinoma cell line cardiac markers cardiac marker cardio-vascular disease cardio vascular disease carrageenans carrageenan carrier (co) carrier carrier densities carrier density carrier distributions carrier distribution carrier dynamics carrier dynamic carrier injections carrier injection carrier interactions carrier interaction carrier relaxation dynamics carrier relaxation dynamic carrier relaxations carrier relaxation carrier scatterings carrier scattering carrier statistics carrier statistic carrier systems carrier system carrier transport characteristics carrier transport characteristic carrier transport mechanisms carrier transport mechanism carrier-carrier scattering carrier carrier scattering carrier-concentration dependence carrier concentration dependence carrier-envelope phase carrier envelope phase carrier-phonon interaction carrier phonon interaction carrier-phonon scattering carrier phonon scattering carrier-profile carrier profile carrier-relaxation process carrier relaxation process caseins casein casimir effects casimir effect casimir interactions casimir interaction casimir operators casimir operators casimir-polder force casimir polder force casimir-polder interaction casimir polder interaction caspase-3 caspase 3 caspase-3 activation caspase 3 activation caspases caspase catalogue identifiers catalogue identifiers catalysis catalysis catalysis effects catalysis effect catalyst composites catalyst composite catalyst designs catalyst design catalyst free synthesis catalyst free synthesis catalyst layers catalyst layer catalyst nano particle catalyst nanoparticle catalyst nano particles catalyst nanoparticle catalyst particles catalyst particle catalyst precursors catalyst precursor catalyst structures catalyst structure catalyst support catalyst supports catalyst supports catalyst supports catalyst surfaces catalyst surface catalyst-electrodes catalyst electrode catalyst-free catalyst free catalyst-free growth catalyst free growth catalyst-free method catalyst free method catalyst-free synthesis catalyst free synthesi catalysts catalyst catalytic active centers catalytic active center catalytic active sites catalytic active site catalytic activities catalytic activity catalytic applications catalytic application catalytic chemical vapour deposition catalytic chemical vapor deposition catalytic complexes catalytic complex catalytic cycles catalytic cycle catalytic decomposition of methanes catalytic decomposition of methane catalytic decompositions catalytic decomposition catalytic devices catalytic device catalytic effects catalytic effect catalytic efficiencies catalytic efficiency catalytic electrodes catalytic electrode catalytic films catalytic film catalytic functions catalytic function catalytic growths catalytic growth catalytic hydrolysis catalytic hydrolysis catalytic layers catalytic layer catalytic materials catalytic material catalytic mechanisms catalytic mechanism catalytic metals catalytic metal catalytic oxidative desulfurizations catalytic oxidative desulfurization catalytic particles catalytic particle catalytic properties catalytic property catalytic rates catalytic rate catalytic reactions catalytic reaction catalytic sites catalytic site catalytic substrates catalytic substrate catalytic supports catalytic supports catalytic surfaces catalytic surface catalytic synthesis catalytic synthesis catalytic templates catalytic template catalytic tests catalytic test catalytically active centers catalytically active center catalytically active species catalytically active specie catalytically-active metals catalytically active metal catalyzed decompositions catalyzed decomposition catalyzed reactions catalyzed reaction catastrophic failures catastrophic failure catecholamines catecholamine catechols catechol cath ode material cathode material cathode buffer layers cathode buffer layer cathode catalysts cathode catalyst cathode electrodes cathode electrode cathode interfacial layers cathode interfacial layer cathode materials cathode material cath-ode materials cathode material cathodes cathode cathodic electrocatalysts cathodic electrocatalyst cathodic electrophoretic depositions cathodic electrophoretic deposition cathodic materials cathodic material cathodic potentials cathodic potential cathodic reductions cathodic reduction cation exchange membranes cation exchange membrane cation exchanges cation exchange cation substitutions cation substitution cation-? interaction cation interaction cation-? stacking interaction cation stacking interaction cationic and anionic dyes cationic and anionic dyes cationic dye cationic dyes cationic dyes cationic dyes cationic polyacrylamides cationic polyacrylamide cationic polymers cationic polymer cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromides cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide cationic surfactants cationic surfactant cations cation cauchy-born rule cauchy born rule cavity fibers cavity fiber cavity linewidths cavity linewidths cavity loss cavity loss cavity parameters cavity parameter cavity quantum electrodynamics cavity quantum electrodynamic cavity resonances cavity resonance cavity resonators cavity resonators c-axis direction c axis direction c-axis orientations c axis orientation c-bands c band c-c bond formation c c bond formation c-c bonds c c bond c-c coupling c c coupling c-c coupling reactions c c coupling reaction cck-8 cck 8 c-domain c domain c-doped c doped c-dots c dot cds cds cds nanocrystals cds nanocrystal cds nanoparticles cds nanoparticle cds nanowires cds nanowire cds quantum dots cds quantum dots cds quantum dots(qds) cds quantum dots cdse nanobelts cdse nanobelts cdse nanocrystals cdse nanocrystal cdse nanoparticles cdse nanoparticle cdse qds cdse quantum dots cdse quantum dot cdse quantum dots cdse quantum dots cdse quantum dots cdse/zns cdse/zns cdse/zns quantum dots cdse/zns quantum dots cdte cells cdte cells cdte nanocrystals cdte nanocrystal cdte nanoparticles cdte nanoparticle cdte quantum dots cdte quantum dots cdte quantum dots (qds) cdte quantum dots cdte solar cells cdte solar cells cdte/cds cdte/cds cdte/cds quantum dots cdte/cds quantum dots cell cells cell analysis cell analysis cell apoptosis cell apoptosis cell attachments cell attachments cell behaviors cell behavior cell configurations cell configuration cell counting cell count cell culture media cell culture medium cell culture mediums cell culture medium cell culture techniques cell culture technique cell cultures cell culture cell encapsulations cell encapsulation cell extracts cell extract cell fabrications cell fabrication cell functions cell function cell lines cell line cell membrane damages cell membrane damage cell membranes cell membrane cell nucleus cell nucleus cell phagocytosis cell phagocytosis cell reactions cell reaction cell stress cell stress cell types cell type cell viability assays cell viability assay cell voltages cell voltage cell walls cell wall cell-adhesion proteins cell adhesion protein cell-based cell based cell-free conditions cell free condition cell-material interaction cell material interaction cells and cell components cells and cell component cells culture cell culture cells, cultured cell culture cell-substrate interactions cell substrate interaction cellular activities cellular activity cellular behaviors cellular behavior cellular distributions cellular distribution cellular events cellular event cellular interfaces cellular interface cellular membranes cellular membrane cellular neural networks cellular neural network cellular parameters cellular parameter cellular prion proteins cellular prion protein cellular proliferations cellular proliferation cellular proteins cellular protein cellular structures cellular structure cellular targets cellular targets cellular toxicities cellular toxicity cellular, subcellular and molecular biological phenomena and functions cellular, subcellular and molecular biological phenomena and function cellulase cellulose cellulose acetates cellulose acetate cellulose and other wood products cellulose and other wood product cellulose carbamates cellulose carbamate cellulose composites cellulose composite cellulose derivatives cellulose derivative cellulose fibers cellulose fiber cellulose films cellulose film cellulose nanocrystal (cnc) cellulose nanocrystal cellulose nano-crystals cellulose nano crystal cellulose nanofibers cellulose nanofiber cellulose nanofibrils cellulose nanofibrils cellulose papers cellulose papers cellulose solutions cellulose solution cement based composites cement based composite cement composites cement composite cement-based composite cement based composite cementitious materials cementitious material cements cement center of mass center of mass centimeter-scale centimeter scale central composite designs central composite design central metals central metal central nervous systems central nervous system central peaks central peak centre of mass centre of mass centrifugation methods centrifugation method centrifuges centrifuge ceo2 ceo2 ceo2 ceo2 ceramic capacitors ceramic capacitor ceramic composites ceramic composite ceramic lasers ceramic laser ceramic materials ceramic material ceramic matrix composites ceramic matrix composite ceramic membranes ceramic membrane ceramic products ceramic product ceramic substrates ceramic substrate ceramics ceramic cercopithecus aethiops cercopithecus aethiops ceria nanoparticles ceria nanoparticle cerium alloys cerium alloy cerium compounds cerium compound cerium oxides cerium oxide certified reference materials certified reference material cesium carbonates cesium carbonate cesium compounds cesium compound cesium ions cesium ion cetrimonium compounds cetrimonium compound cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromides cetyl trimethylammonium bromide c-f bonding c f bonding c-f bonds c f bonding c-face c face c-face sic c face sic cg-4 cg 4 c-h bond c h bond c-h oxidation c h oxidation ch radicals ch radical c-h stretch vibrations c h stretch vibration chain conformations chain conformation chain dynamics chain dynamic chain transfer agents chain transfer agent chain-like chain like chains chain chair conformations chair conformation chalcogen atoms chalcogen atom chalcogenides chalcogenide chalcogens chalcogen channel coding schemes channel coding scheme channel currents channel current channel devices channel device channel electrons channel electron channel layers channel layer channel lengths channel length channel materials channel material channel structures channel structure channel thickness channel thickness channel transistors channel transistor char residues char residue characteristic bands characteristic band characteristic frequencies characteristic frequency characteristic modes characteristic mode characteristic peaks characteristic peak characteristic properties characteristic property characteristics and mechanisms characteristic and mechanism characterization methods characterization method characterization studies characterization study characterization techniques characterization technique charge analysis charge analysis charge and discharge capacities charge and discharge capacity charge asymmetries charge asymmetry charge capacities charge capacity charge carrier dynamics charge carrier dynamic charge carrier types charge carrier type charge characteristics charge characteristic charge coupled devices charge coupled device charge density distributions charge density distribution charge density fluctuations charge density fluctuation charge density waves charge density wave charge discharge curves charge discharge curve charge discharge process charge discharge process charge- discharge rate charge discharge rate charge discharge tests charge discharge test charge dynamics charge dynamic charge exchanges charge exchange charge impurities charge impurity charge instabilities charge instability charge interactions charge interaction charge measurements charge measurement charge mobilities charge mobility charge neutralities charge neutrality charge perturbations charge perturbation charge process charge process charge recombination process charge recombination process charge recombinations charge recombination charge screenings charge screenings charge separation process charge separation process charge separations charge separation charge storage devices charge storage device charge transfer bands charge transfer band charge transfer kinetics charge transfer kinetic charge transfer mechanisms charge transfer mechanism charge transfer process charge transfer process charge transfer properties charge transfer property charge transfer regions charge transfer region charge transfer resistances charge transfer resistance charge transport mechanisms charge transport mechanism charge transport properties charge transport property charge transports charge transport charge trapping layers charge trapping layer charge trapping mechanisms charge trapping mechanism charge trapping properties charge trapping property charge/discharge capacities charge/discharge capacity charge/discharge curves charge/discharge curve charge/discharge cycling charge/discharge cycle charge/discharge properties charge/discharge property charge-carrier mobility charge carrier mobility charge-carrier transport charge carrier transport charge-controlled charge controlled charged amino acids charged amino acid charged carbon nanotubes charged carbon nanotubes charged carriers charged carriers charged colloids charged colloid charged defects charged defect charged functional groups charged functional group charged impurities charged impurity charged impurity scatterings charged impurity scattering charged ions charged ion charged particles charged particle charged polymers charged polymer charged proteins charged protein charged species charged specy charged substrates charged substrate charge-density analysis charge density analysis charge-density distribution charge density distribution charge-discharge charge discharge charge-discharge capacity charge discharge capacity charge-discharge characteristics charge discharge characteristic charge-discharge cycle charge discharge cycle charge-discharge cycle tests charge discharge cycle test charge-discharge cycling stability charge discharge cycling stability charge-discharge experiments charge discharge experiment charge-discharge process charge discharge process charge-discharge reactions charge discharge reaction charge-discharge tests charge discharge test charge-screening effects charge screening effect charge-separated state charge separated state charge-transfer charge transfer charge-transfer complex charge transfer complex charge-transfer compounds charge transfer compound charge-transfer dynamics charge transfer dynamic charge-transfer excitations charge transfer excitation charge-transfer mechanism charge transfer mechanism charge-transfer rate charge transfer rate charge-transfer reactions charge transfer reaction charge-transfer resistance charge transfer resistance charge-trap memory charge trap memory charging energies charging energy chelating agents chelating agent chelating groups chelating group chemical- chemical chemical activities chemical activity chemical affinities chemical affinity chemical analysis chemical analysis chemical and biological sensors chemical and biological sensor chemical and biologicals chemical and biologicals chemical and physical characteristics chemical and physical characteristic chemical and physical properties chemical and physical property chemical bath deposition methods chemical bath deposition method chemical bonding chemical bond chemical bondings chemical bondings chemical bonds chemical bond chemical composition analysis chemical composition analysis chemical compositions chemical composition chemical compounds chemical compound chemical concepts chemical concept chemical conditions chemical condition chemical constituents chemical constituents chemical contaminants chemical contaminants chemical controls chemical control chemical conversions chemical conversion chemical co-precipitation chemical co precipitation chemical coupling reactions chemical coupling reaction chemical cross-linking chemical cross linking chemical defects chemical defect chemical diffusion coefficients chemical diffusion coefficient chemical doping effects chemical doping effect chemical elements chemical element chemical enhancements chemical enhancement chemical equations chemical equation chemical etching process chemical etching process chemical exfoliations chemical exfoliation chemical features chemical feature chemical functional groups chemical functional group chemical functionalisation chemical functionalization chemical functions chemical function chemical gas sensors chemical gas sensor chemical graphene nanoribbons chemical graphene nanoribbons chemical heterogeneities chemical heterogeneity chemical inducers chemical inducers chemical inertness chemical inertness chemical interactions chemical interaction chemical operations chemical operation chemical parameters chemical parameter chemical pathways chemical pathways chemical perturbations chemical perturbation chemical pollutants chemical pollutant chemical precursors chemical precursor chemical procedures chemical procedure chemical process chemical process chemical processes chemical process chemical processing chemical process chemical properties chemical property chemical reaction kinetics chemical reaction kinetic chemical reactions chemical reaction chemical reactors chemical reactor chemical reagents chemical reagent chemical reduction methods chemical reduction method chemical reductions chemical reduction chemical routes chemical route chemical sensing applications chemical sensing application chemical sensing devices chemical sensing device chemical sensors chemical sensor chemical shielding tensors chemical shielding tensors chemical species chemical specy chemical structures chemical structure chemical surfaces chemical surface chemical synthesis chemical synthesis chemical systems chemical system chemical techniques chemical technique chemical transformations chemical transformation chemical treatments chemical treatment chemical vapor deposition (cvd) chemical vapor deposition chemical vapor deposition (cvd) (deposition) chemical vapor deposition chemical vapor deposition methods chemical vapor deposition method chemical vapor deposition process chemical vapor deposition process chemical vapor deposition processes chemical vapor deposition process chemical vapor deposition reactors chemical vapor deposition reactor chemical vapor deposition(cvd) chemical vapor deposition chemical vapor depositions (cvd) chemical vapor deposition chemical vapor sensors chemical vapor sensor chemical vapor-phase polymerization chemical vapor phase polymerization chemical vapors chemical vapor chemical vapour deposition (cvd) chemical vapor deposition chemical vapour depositions chemical vapour deposition chemical vapours chemical vapor chemical warfare agents chemical warfare agent chemical-bath deposition chemical bath deposition chemical-etching process chemical etching process chemically modified electrodes chemically modified electrode chemically modified grapheme chemically modified graphene chemically modified graphenes chemically modified graphene chemically reduced graphene oxides chemically reduced graphene oxide chemically sensitive field effect transistors chemically sensitive field effect transistor chemically-bonded chemically bonded chemically-modified electrode chemically modified electrode chemically-modified graphene chemically modified graphene chemical-mechanical planarization chemical mechanical planarization chemicals chemical chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (cret) chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer chemiluminescence sensors chemiluminescence sensor chemiluminescenceresonance-energy transfers (cret) chemiluminescenceresonance energy transfer chemiluminescent measurements chemiluminescent measurement chemiresistive sensors chemiresistive sensor chemiresistor gas sensors chemiresistor gas sensor chemiresistor sensors chemiresistor sensor chemiresistors chemiresistor chemisorbed molecules chemisorbed molecule chemisorption sites chemisorption site chemometric analysis chemometric analysis chemometrics chemometrics chemo-photothermal therapy chemo photothermal therapy chemo-resistive gas sensors chemo resistive gas sensor chemoresistive sensors chemoresistive sensor chemosensors chemosensor chemo-sensors chemo sensor chemotherapeutic agents chemotherapeutic agent chemotherapeutic drugs chemotherapeutic drug chern numbers chern number chickens chicken china chinese academy of sciences chinese academy of science chip interconnects chip interconnects chip morphologies chip morphology chip scale packages chip scale package chip-scale chip scale chiral angles chiral angle chiral carriers chiral carriers chiral luttinger liquids chiral luttinger liquid chiral particles chiral particle chiral properties chiral property chiral separations chiral separation chiral structures chiral structure chiral vectors chiral vectors chirped pulse amplifications chirped pulse amplification chirped-pulse chirped pulse chitosan (cs) chitosan chitosan composites chitosan composite chitosan matrices chitosan matrix chitosan-graphene sheets chlorella vulgaris chlorella vulgaris chloride complexes chloride complex chloride electrolytes chloride electrolyte chloride ions chloride ion chloride migration coefficients chloride migration coefficient chlorides chloride chlorination process chlorination process chlorination reactions chlorination reaction chlorine compounds chlorine compound chlorine resistances chlorine resistance chlorobenzenes chlorobenzene chlorocebus aethiops chlorocebus aethiops chlorofluorocarbons chlorofluorocarbon chloroform solutions chloroform solution chlorophenols chlorophenol chloropyrifos chloropyrifos chlorpyrifos chlorpyrifos cholesteric liquid crystals cholesteric liquid crystal cholesterol esters cholesterol ester cholesterol molecules cholesterol molecule cholesterol oxidase (chox) cholesterol oxidase cholinesterase inhibitors cholineterase inhibitor cholineterase inhibitors cholineterase inhibitor chondroitin sulfates chondroitin sulfate chorioallantois chorioallantois chromate coatings chromate coating chromates chromate chromatographic analysis chromatographic analysis chromatographic properties chromatographic property chromatographic separations chromatographic separation chromatography, gas chromatography, gas chromatography, reverse-phase chromatography, reverse phase chromium alloys chromium alloy chromium compounds chromium compound chromium oxides chromium oxide chromium(vi) chromium chromogenics chromogenics chromonic liquid crystals chromonic liquid crystal chromophores chromophore chromosomes chromosome chronoamperometry techniques chronoamperometry technique cigarette filters cigarette filter cigs solar cells cigs solar cells cinnamates cinnamate cinnamyl alcohols cinnamyl alcohol circuit designs circuit design circuit elements circuit element circuit models circuit model circuit simulators circuit simulators circuit structures circuit structure circuit-level simulation circuit level simulation circuits and systems circuit and system circular cross-sections circular cross section circular holes circular hole circular membranes circular membrane circular plates circular plate circular waveguides circular waveguide circularly polarized ac fields circularly polarized ac field circularly polarized photons circularly polarized photons circularly polarized waves circularly polarized wave circulating tumor cells circulating tumor cell cis platin cisplatin cis-platin cisplatin citrate ions citrate ion citrus citrus citrus fruits citrus fruits citrus sinensis citrus sinensis cladding modes cladding mode clar sextets clar sextets classical dynamics classical dynamic classical force fields classical force field classical limits classical limit classical molecular dynamics classical molecular dynamic classical potentials classical potential classical reactions classical reaction classical techniques classical technique classical trajectories classical trajectory classical-quantum classical quantum classical-quantum correspondence classical quantum correspondence clay minerals clay minerals clays clay cl-doped cl doped clean energy sources clean energy source clean process clean process clean surfaces clean surface clean synthesis clean synthesis clean systems clean system cleaning methods cleaning method cleaning process cleaning process clinical analysis clinical analysis clinical diagnosis clinical diagnosis clinical diagnostics clinical diagnostic clinical effectiveness clinical effectiveness clinical practices clinical practice clinical samples clinical sample clinical settings clinical settings clinical treatments clinical treatment clocks clocks close packed structures close packed structure closed form solutions closed form solution closed shells closed shells closed systems closed system closed-cell structure closed cell structure closed-form analytical solutions closed form analytical solution closed-form equations closed form equation closed-form expression closed form expression closed-form solution closed form solution close-in close in close-packed monolayers close packed monolayer cluster analysis cluster analysis cluster configurations cluster configuration cluster densities cluster density cluster formations cluster formation cluster ions cluster ion cluster jets cluster jet cluster models cluster model cluster perturbation theories cluster perturbation theory cluster sites cluster site cluster sizes cluster size cluster-assembled materials cluster assembled material cluster-based cluster based clustering algorithms clustering algorithm clustering problems clustering problem clustering process clustering process clusters cluster c-mems c mem cmos cmos cmos circuits cmos circuit cmos detectors cmos detectors cmos devices cmos device cmos integrated circuits cmos integrated circuit cmos processs cmos processs cmos transistors cmos transistor cmosfet cmosfets c-n bond formations c n bond formation c-n coupling c n coupling cns cns cnt arrays cnt array cnt composites cnt composite cnt emitters cnt emitters cnt field effect transistor (cntfet) cnt fet cnt films cnt film cnt nano composites cnt nano composite cntfet cnt fet cnt-fet cnt fet cnt-polymer nanocomposites cnt polymer nanocomposite cnts cnts co co catalysts co catalyst co clusters co cluster co contacts co contact co deliveries co delivery co films co film co islands co islands co nanoparticles co nanoparticle co nanostructures co nanostructure co oxidations co oxidation co precipitation process co precipitation process co thin films co thin film co2 adsorption co2 adsorption co2 capture co2 capture co2 photoreduction co2 photoreduction co3o4 co3o4 co3o4 nanoparticles co3o4 nanoparticle co-adsorption co adsorption coagulation effects coagulation effect coal deposits coal deposits coal gas coal gas co-al layered double hydroxides co al layered double hydroxide coal mines coal mine coal-fired power plant coal fired power plant coal-layered double hydroxide coal layered double hydroxide coal-tar pitch coal tar pitch coarse grained models coarse grained model coarse-grained coarse grained coarse-grained approaches coarse grained approach coarse-grained molecular dynamics coarse grained molecular dynamic coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations coarse grained molecular dynamics simulation coarse-grained monte carlo simulations coarse grained monte carlo simulation coarse-graining coarse graining coastal waters coastal water coated capillaries coated capillary coated electrodes coated electrode coated fibers coated fiber coated fuel particles coated fuel particle coated glass coated glass coated glass substrates coated glass substrate coated layers coated layer coated materials coated material coated particles coated particle coated silica nanoparticles coated silica nanoparticle coated substrates coated substrate coated wire electrodes coated wire electrode coating methods coating method coating process coating process coating techniques coating technique coating thickness coating thickness coatings coating coaxial connectors coaxial connectors coaxial nanotubes coaxial nanotubes cobalt alloys cobalt alloy cobalt atoms cobalt atom cobalt complexes cobalt complex cobalt compounds cobalt compound cobalt deposits cobalt deposits cobalt ferrite nanoparticles cobalt ferrite nanoparticle cobalt ferrites cobalt ferrite cobalt hydroxides cobalt hydroxide cobalt layers cobalt layer cobalt nanocrystals cobalt nanocrystal cobalt nanoparticles cobalt nanoparticle cobalt oxide catalysts cobalt oxide catalyst cobalt oxide nanoparticles cobalt oxide nanoparticle cobalt oxides cobalt oxide cobalt porphyrins cobalt porphyrin cobalt precursors cobalt precursor cobalt salts cobalt salt cobalt species cobalt specy cobalt sulfides cobalt sulfide cobalt-based catalysts cobalt based catalyst cobalt-nickel cobalt nickel cochlea prosthesis cochlea prosthesis cochlear implants cochlear implant co-coagulation co coagulation co-condensation co condensation co-continuous morphology co continuous morphology co-continuous structure co continuous structure co-delivery co delivery co-deposition methods co deposition method co-designs co design co-doped co doped codoped fiber lasers codoped fiber laser co-doping co doping coefficient of frictions coefficient of friction coefficients of thermal expansions coefficient of thermal expansion coefficients of variations coefficient of variation co-electrodeposition co electrodeposition co-electrospinning co electrospinning coenzymes coenzyme coercivities coercivity co-existence co existence co-existing co existing cofe2o4-graphene nanocomposite cofe graphene nanocomposite cofe2o4 cofe2o4 coherence lengths coherence length coherent anti-stokes raman scattering spectroscopies coherent anti stokes raman scattering spectroscopy coherent perfect absorptions coherent perfect absorption coherent phonons coherent phonon coherent properties coherent property coherent sources coherent source coherent superpositions coherent superposition coherent transports coherent transport coherent-potential approximation coherent potential approximation cohesive energies cohesive energy cohesive failures cohesive failure cohesive zone parameters cohesive zone parameter cohesive zones cohesive zone coin cells coin cells coin type cells coin type cells coinage metals coinage metal coincidence lattices coincidence lattice co-intercalation co intercalation coin-type cells coin type cell cold atoms cold atom cold cathode applications cold cathode application cold cathode tubes cold cathode tube cold cathodes cold cathode cold field emissions cold field emission cold plasmas cold plasma collagen scaffolds collagen scaffold collective effects collective effect collective excitations collective excitation collective modes collective mode collective motions collective motion collective oscillations collective oscillation collective properties collective property collision energies collision energy collision process collision process colloid electrostatic self-assembly colloid electrostatic self assembly colloid nanoparticles colloid nanoparticle colloid particles colloid particle colloid solutions colloid solution colloidal dispersions colloidal dispersion colloidal gold nanoparticles colloidal gold nanoparticle colloidal interactions colloidal interaction colloidal methods colloidal method colloidal mixtures colloidal mixture colloidal nanocrystals colloidal nanocrystal colloidal nanoparticles colloidal nanoparticle colloidal quantum dots colloidal quantum dots colloidal self-assembly colloidal self assembly colloidal solutions colloidal solution colloidal spray solutions colloidal spray solution colloidal suspensions colloidal suspension colloidal synthesis colloidal synthesis colloidal templates colloidal template colloids colloid colon cancer cells colon cancer cells color centers color center color changes color change coloration efficiencies coloration efficiency colorimetric analysis colorimetric analysis colorimetric assays colorimetric assay colorimetric biosensors colorimetric biosensor colorimetric methods colorimetric method colorimetric sensors colorimetric sensor coloring agents coloring agent columbia university columbic interactions columbic interaction columnar structures columnar structure comb filters comb filter combination effects combination effect combination modes combination mode combined actions combined action combined effects combined effect combined mechanisms combined mechanism combined process combined process combined therapies combined therapy comb-shaped electrodes comb shaped electrode combustion flames combustion flame combustion process combustion process combustion pro-cess combustion process combustion reactions combustion reaction combustion synthesis combustion synthesis combustion temperatures combustion temperature commercial activated carbons commercial activated carbon commercial applications commercial application commercial chemicals commercial chemical commercial devices commercial device commercial materials commercial material commercial membranes commercial membrane commercial plastics commercial plastics commercial productions commercial production commercial products commercial product commercial requirements commercial requirement commercial vehicles commercial vehicle commercialisation commercialization commercial-off-the-shelf commercial off the shelf commodity chemicals commodity chemical common features common feature common gates common gate common solvents common solvent communicable diseases communicable disease communication mechanisms communication mechanism communication platforms communication platform communication schemes communication scheme communication systems communication system communication wavelengths communication wavelength comonomers comonomer compact designs compact design compact devices compact device compact films compact film compact modeling compact model compact structures compact structure comparative analysis comparative analysis comparative experiments comparative experiment comparative studies comparative study compatibilized blends compatibilized blends compatibilizers compatibilizer compatible materials compatible material compatible process compatible process competing effects competing effect competing interactions competing interaction competing process competing process competing technologies competing technology competition reactions competition reaction competitive assays competitive assay competitive effects competitive effect competitive reactions competitive reaction complement activations complement activation complementary circuits complementary circuit complementary inverters complementary inverter complementary metal oxide semiconductors complementary metal oxide semiconductor complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible complementary metal oxide semiconductor compatible complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technologies complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology complementary methods complementary method complementary sequences complementary sequence complementary split ring resonators complementary split ring resonators complementary techniques complementary technique complementary theories complementary theory complementary tools complementary tools complete coverages complete coverage complex architectures complex architecture complex band structures complex band structure complex characteristics complex characteristic complex chemical reactions complex chemical reaction complex conjugates complex conjugate complex designs complex design complex dielectric functions complex dielectric function complex dielectric permittivities complex dielectric permittivity complex donors complex donor complex formations complex formation complex geometries complex geometry complex impedance measurements complex impedance measurement complex impedance plots complex impedance plots complex materials complex material complex matrices complex matrix complex mechanisms complex mechanism complex mixtures complex mixture complex nanostructures complex nanostructure complex networks complex network complex permittivity and permeabilities complex permittivity and permeability complex potentials complex potential complex processes complex process complex refractive indices complex refractive indice complex samples complex sample complex systems complex system complexing agents complexing agent compliant substrates compliant substrate complicated structures complicated structure component distributions component distribution component materials component material composite absorbers composite absorbers composite additives composite additive composite adsorbents composite adsorbent composite anodes composite anode composite applications composite application composite architectures composite architecture composite catalysts composite catalyst composite coatings composite coating composite components composite component composite dispersions composite dispersion composite electrodes composite electrode composite electrolytes composite electrolyte composite fabrics composite fabrics composite fermions composite fermion composite fibers composite fiber composite fibre composite fiber composite fibres composite fiber composite film electrodes composite film electrode composite films composite film composite foams composite foams composite hydrogel composite hydrogels composite hydrogels composite hydrogels composite materials composite material composite matrices composite matrix composite melts composite melts composite membranes composite membrane composite micromechanics composite micromechanics composite microspheres composite microsphere composite microstructures composite microstructure composite models composite model composite modified electrodes composite modified electrode composite nanofibers composite nanofiber composite nanomaterials composite nanomaterial composite nanoparticles composite nanoparticle composite nanostructures composite nanostructure composite nanowires composite nanowire composite particles composite particle composite phase change materials composite phase change material composite photocatalysts composite photocatalyst composite plates composite plate composite polymer electrolytes composite polymer electrolyte composite powders composite powder composite propellants composite propellants composite properties composite property composite samples composite sample composite scaffolds composite scaffold composite sensors composite sensor composite sheets composite sheet composite solder joints composite solder joint composite solders composite solder composite structures composite structure composite systems composite system composite thin films composite thin film composited composite composites composite composites coating coposite coating composites electrodes composite electrode composites material composite material composites of polymers composite of polymer composites structures composite structure compositing composite composition changes composition change compositional analysis compositional analysis compositional features compositional feature compositional properties compositional property compound semiconductors compound semiconductor comprehensive analysis comprehensive analysis comprehensive studies comprehensive study compressibility measurements compressibility measurement compression mouldings compression molding compression process compression process compression properties compression property compression stress compression stress compressional waves compressional wave compression-molding technique compression molding technique compressive and flexural strengths compressive and flexural strength compressive deformations compressive deformation compressive elastic modulus compressive elastic modulus compressive forces compressive force compressive load compressive loading compressive loads compressive loading compressive properties compressive property compressive strains compressive strain compressive stress compressive stress computational advantages computational advantage computational analysis computational analysis computational costs computational costs computational domains computational domains computational electromagnetics computational electromagnetics computational electronics computational electronic computational fluid dynamics computational fluid dynamic computational fluid dynamics simulations computational fluid dynamic simulation computational implementations computational implementation computational linguistics computational linguistics computational mechanics computational mechanics computational methods computational method computational modelling computational modeling computational physics computational physics computational predictions computational prediction computational results computational result computational schemes computational scheme computational studies computational study computational tools computational tools computer analysis computer analysis computer assisted diagnosis computer assisted diagnosis computer chips computer chips computer control systems computer control system computer graphics computer graphics computer hardware description languages computer hardware description language computer networks computer network computer operating systems computer operating system computer simulations computer simulation computer storage devices computer storage device computer systems computer system computer viruses computer virus computer-aided design computer aided design computing applications computing application computing devices computing device comsol multiphysics comsol multiphysics concentrated aqueous suspensions concentrated aqueous suspension concentrated sulfuric acids concentrated sulfuric acid concentration detections concentration detection concentration effects concentration effect concentration factors concentration factor concentration gradients concentration gradients concentration levels concentration level concentration of concentration process concentration process concentration ranges concentration range concentration-dependent concentration dependent concentration-dependent manners concentration dependent manner concentric shells concentric shells concept-based concept based conceptual frameworks conceptual framework concrete slabs concrete slabs concretes concrete condensation polymers condensation polymer condensation reactions condensation reaction condensed matter physics condensed matter physics conductance channels conductance channel conductance decays conductance decay conductance dips conductance dips conductance fluctuations conductance fluctuation conductance gaps conductance gap conductance modulations conductance modulation conductance oscillations conductance oscillation conductance peaks conductance peak conductance properties conductance property conductance values conductance value conductance variances conductance variance conducting additives conducting additive conducting agents conducting agent conducting channels conducting channel conducting composites conducting composite conducting electrodes conducting electrode conducting electrons conducting electron conducting fillers conducting fillers conducting films conducting film conducting glass conducting glass conducting layers conducting layer conducting materials conducting material conducting metal oxides conducting metal oxide conducting nanocomposites conducting nanocomposite conducting nano-structures conducting nano structure conducting networks conducting network conducting oxides conducting oxide conducting paths conducting paths conducting plates conducting plate conducting polymer composites conducting polymer composite conducting polymer nanocomposites conducting polymer nanocomposite conducting polymers conducting polymer conducting properties conducting property conducting substrates conducting substrate conducting surfaces conducting surface conduction bands conduction band conduction electrons conduction electron conduction models conduction model conduction paths conduction paths conduction properties conduction property conduction-band minimum conduction band minimum conduction-band state conduction band state conductive additives conductive additive conductive architectures conductive architecture conductive atomic force microscopes conductive atomic force microscopy conductive carbon blacks conductive carbon blacks conductive carbon nanotubes conductive carbon nanotubes conductive carbons conductive carbon conductive channels conductive channel conductive coatings conductive coating conductive composites conductive composite conductive electrodes conductive electrode conductive electrons conductive electron conductive elements conductive element conductive fabrics conductive fabrics conductive fibers conductive fiber conductive filler conductive fillers conductive fillers conductive fillers conductive films conductive film conductive glass conductive glass conductive inks conductive ink conductive interlayers conductive interlayer conductive lines conductive line conductive materials conductive material conductive mechanisms conductive mechanism conductive membranes conductive membrane conductive nanocomposites conductive nanocomposite conductive nanoparticles conductive nanoparticle conductive networks conductive network conductive papers conductive papers conductive paths conductive paths conductive patterns conductive pattern conductive plastics conductive plastics conductive polymer composites conductive polymer composite conductive polymers conductive polymer conductive probe atomic force microscopies conductive probe atomic force microscopy conductive properties conductive property conductive substrates conductive substrate conductive textiles conductive texti conductive thin films conductive thin film conductive wires conductive wire conductive-atomic force conductive atomic force conductivity analysis conductivity analysis conductivity changes conductivity change conductivity measurements conductivity measurement conductivity models conductivity model conductivity properties conductivity property conductivity tensors conductivity tensors conductometrics conductometric cones cones cone-shaped cone shaped conference paper configuration interactions configuration interaction configuration supports configuration supports confined geometries confined geometry confined phonons confined phonon confined synthesis confined synthesis confinement effects confinement effect confocal laser scanning microscopy confocal laser scanning microscope confocal micro-raman confocal micro raman confocal microscopes confocal microscopy conformal coatings conformal coating conformal contacts conformal contact conformal fdtd methods conformal fdtd method conformal films conformal film conformation changes conformation change conformation transitions conformation transition conformational analysis conformational analysis conformational constraints conformational constraints conformational dynamics conformational dynamic conformational fluctuations conformational fluctuation conformational properties conformational property conformational transformations conformational transformation conformational transitions conformational transition conformations conformation conical singularities conical singularity conjugate polymers conjugate polymer conjugate structures conjugate structure conjugated backbones conjugated backbone conjugated block copolymers conjugated block copolymer conjugated materials conjugated material conjugated microporous polymers conjugated microporous polymer conjugated molecules conjugated molecule conjugated orbitals conjugated orbital conjugated organic molecules conjugated organic molecule conjugated organic semiconductors conjugated organic semiconductor conjugated polyelectrolytes conjugated polyelectrolyte conjugated polymers conjugated polymer conjugated structures conjugated structure conjugated systems conjugated system connectivity indices connectivity indice conservation of energy resources conservation of energy resource conservation of natural resources conservation of natural resource constant charges constant charge constant current stress constant current stress constant magnetic fields constant magnetic field constant pressures constant pressure constant values constant value constant voltage stress constant voltage stress constant-current discharge constant current discharge constituent materials constituent material constitutive equations constitutive equation constitutive modeling constitutive model constitutive models constitutive model constitutive relations constitutive relation constraint effects constraint effect consumer electronics consumer electronic consumer goods consumer goods consumer products consumer product contact angle analysis contact angle analysis contact angle hysteresis contact angle hysteresis contact areas contact area contact characteristics contact characteristic contact effects contact effect contact electrodes contact electrode contact forces contact force contact interfaces contact interface contact layers contact layer contact less contact less contact lines contact line contact mechanics contact mechanics contact models contact model contact modes contact mode contact pads contact pads contact points contact point contact pressures contact pressure contact properties contact property contact regions contact region contact resistivities contact resistivity contact sensors contact sensor contact stiffness contact stiffness contact-angle measurements contact angle measurement contacting surfaces contacting surface contactless methods contactless method contacts contact containers containers contaminants contaminants contaminated areas contaminated area contaminated soils contaminated soils contaminated solutions contaminated solution contamination layers contamination layer contamination-free contamination free contemporary materials contemporary material continuity equations continuity equation continuous fibers continuous fiber continuous films continuous film continuous flows continuous flows continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis continuous layers continuous layer continuous measurements continuous measurement continuous process continuous process continuous processing continuous process continuous random networks continuous random network continuous structures continuous structure continuous synthesis continuous synthesis continuous time systems continuous time system continuous transitions continuous transition continuous wave lasers continuous wave laser continuous waves continuous wave continuous-wave mode locking continuous wave mode locking continuous-wave terahertz continuous wave terahertz continuum analysis continuum analysis continuum hydrodynamics continuum hydrodynamic continuum limits continuum limit continuum mechanics continuum mechanics continuum mechanics models continuum mechanics model contrast agents contrast agent control defects control defect control experiments control experiment control gates control gate control groups control group control materials control material control nonlinearities control nonlinearity control of energies control of energy control parameters control parameter control samples control sample control voltages control voltage control-cell control cell controllable conductivities controllable conductivity controllable structures controllable structure controllable synthesis controllable synthesis controlled conditions controlled condition controlled humidities controlled humidity controlled hydrolysis controlled hydrolysis controlled oxidations controlled oxidation controlled process controlled process controlled properties controlled property controlled release drugs controlled release drug controlled release properties controlled release property controlled release systems controlled release system controlled releases controlled release controlled self-assembly controlled self assembly controlled structures controlled structure controlled synthesis controlled synthesis controlled thickness controlled thickness controllers controller controllers control controlling factors controlling factor controlling parameters controlling parameter conventional batteries conventional battery conventional capacitors conventional capacitor conventional currents conventional current conventional detectors conventional detectors conventional energy sources conventional energy source conventional materials conventional material conventional metals conventional metal conventional methods conventional method conventional models conventional model conventional optical microscopes conventional optical microscopy conventional polymers conventional polymer conventional sensors conventional sensor conventional structures conventional structure conventional superconductors conventional superconductors conventional techniques conventional technique conventional transistors conventional transistor conventional treatments conventional treatment conventional tubes conventional tube convergence of numerical methods convergence of numerical method conversion loss conversion loss conversion process conversion process conversion rates conversion rate conversion reactions conversion reaction convex surfaces convex surface coolants coolants cooling applications cooling application cooling channels cooling channel cooling conditions cooling condition cooling process cooling process cooling rates cooling rate cooling systems cooling system co-operative behaviors co operative behaviour cooperative catalysis cooperative catalysis cooperative effects cooperative effect co-operative effects co operative effect cooperative interactions cooperative interaction co-optimization co optimization coordination bonds coordination bond co-ordination chemistries co ordination chemistry coordination complexes coordination complex coordination compounds coordination compound coordination effects coordination effect coordination interactions coordination interaction coordination mechanisms coordination mechanism coordination modes coordination mode coordination networks coordination network coordination polymers coordination polymer coordination reactions coordination reaction coordination shells coordination shells coordination structures coordination structure co-ordinatively unsaturated co ordinatively unsaturated co-planar electrodes co planar electrode coplanar wave guide coplanar waveguide co-planar waveguide co planar waveguide coplanar wave-guide (cpw) coplanar waveguide coplanar waveguide electrodes coplanar waveguide electrode coplanar waveguides coplanar waveguide copolymer composites copolymer composite copolymerization reactions copolymerization reaction copolymers copolymer copper acetates copper acetate copper alloys copper alloy copper atoms copper atom copper complexes copper complex copper composites copper composite copper compounds copper compound copper contacts copper contact copper electrodes copper electrode copper films copper film copper foil copper foils copper foils copper foils copper grids copper grids copper interconnects copper interconnects copper ions copper ion copper matrix composites copper matrix composite copper nano particles copper nano particle copper nanoparticles copper nanoparticle copper nanowires copper nanowire copper nickel alloys copper nickel alloy copper oxide nanoparticles copper oxide nanoparticle copper oxide nanowires copper oxide nanowire copper oxides copper oxide copper particles copper particle copper phthalocyanine films copper phthalocyanine film copper single crystals copper single crystal copper substrates copper substrate copper sulfide nanoparticles copper sulfide nanoparticle copper sulfides copper sulfide copper wires copper wire copper-based copper based copper-based materials copper based material copper-hexadecafluorophthalocyanine copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine copper-phthalocyanine copper phthalocyanine co-precipitation co precipitation co-precipitation process co precipitation process coprecipitation synthesis coprecipitation synthesis co-production co production copyrights copyrights core components core component core diameters core diameter core level shifts core level shift core levels core level core sheaths core sheaths core shell nano structures core shell nano structure core shell particles core shell particle core shell quantum dots core shell quantum dots core/shell core shell core/shell material core shell material core/shell materials core shell material core/shell nanoparticle core shell nanoparticle core/shell nanoparticles core shell nanoparticle core/shell nanorod core shell nanorod core/shell nanorods core shell nanorod core/shell particle core shell particle core/shell particles core shell particle core/shell quantum dots core shell quantum dots core/shell structure core shell structure core@shell structure core shell structure co-reduction co reduction co-reduction route co reduction route core-level peaks core level peak core-level photoelectron spectroscopy core level photoelectron spectroscopy core-level photoemission core level photoemission core-level shift core level shift core-level spectra core level spectra core-satellite hybrid spheres core satellite hybrid sphere core-sheath structures core sheath structure core-shell core shell core-shell composites core shell composite core-shell heterostructure core shell heterostructure core-shell heterostructures core shell heterostructure core-shell hybrids core shell hybrid core-shell materials core shell material core-shell microspheres core shell microsphere core-shell nanocomposites core shell nanocomposite core-shell nanoparticles core shell nanoparticle core-shell nanostructure core shell nanostructure core-shell nanostructures core shell nanostructure core-shell nanowires core shell nanowire core-shell particle core shell particle core-shell quantum dots core shell quantum dot core-shell spheres core shell sphere core-shell structure core shell structure core-shell structures core shell structure corona discharges corona discharge coronene molecules coronene molecule correction factors correction factor correction terms correction terms correlated distributions correlated distribution correlated electron systems correlated electron system correlated electrons correlated electron correlated systems correlated system correlation analysis correlation analysis correlation detectors correlation detectors correlation lengths correlation length correlation methods correlation method correlation techniques correlation technique corrosion current densities corrosion current density corrosion inhibitor corrosion inhibitors corrosion inhibitors corrosion inhibitors corrosion potentials corrosion potential corrosion process corrosion process corrosion products corrosion product corrosion protective coatings corrosion protective coating corrosion resistance tests corrosion resistance test corrosion resistant alloys corrosion resistant alloy corrosion resistant properties corrosion resistant property corrosion-resistant corrosion resistant corrosion-resistant coating corrosion resistant coating corrosive conditions corrosive condition corrosive effects corrosive effect corrugated materials corrugated material corrugated structures corrugated structure corrugated substrates corrugated substrate corrugated surfaces corrugated surface corrugation amplitudes corrugation amplitude cos cos co-sensitization co sensitization cosmetic cosmetics cosmetics cosmetics cosmic ray detectors cosmic ray detectors cosmic rays cosmic rays cosmos cosmos cosolvents cosolvent cost analysis cost analysis cost benefit analysis cost benefit analysis cost effective analysis cost effective analysis cost effective strategies cost effective strategy cost effectiveness cost effectiveness cost effectiveness analysis cost effectiveness analysis cost-benefit analysis cost benefit analysis cost-effective analysis cost effective analysis cost-effective approach cost effective approach cost-effective fabrication cost effective fabrication cost-effective methods cost effective method cost-effective production cost effective production cost-effective solutions cost effective solution cost-efficient cost efficient costs cost cost-saving cost saving cotton fabrics cotton fabric cotton fibers cotton fiber cotton textiles cotton textil couette flows couette flow coulomb blockade effects coulomb blockade effect coulomb centers coulomb center coulomb couplings coulomb coupling coulomb diamonds coulomb diamonds coulomb disorders coulomb disorder coulomb effects coulomb effect coulomb gaps coulomb gap coulomb interactions coulomb interaction coulomb repulsions coulomb repulsion coulomb scatterings coulomb scattering coulomb-blockade regime coulomb blockade regime coulombic attractions coulombic attraction coulombic interactions coulombic interaction counter anions counter anion counter electrode materials counter electrode material counter electrodes counter electrode counter-clockwise counter clockwise counter-intuitive phenomenon counter intuitive phenomenon counterions counterion coupled bilayers coupled bilayer coupled chains coupled chain coupled circuits coupled circuit coupled clusters coupled cluster coupled plasmon-phonon mode coupled plasmon phonon mode coupled quantum dots coupled quantum dots coupled structures coupled structure coupled systems coupled system coupled-cluster theory coupled cluster theory coupled-mode theory coupled mode theory coupling agents coupling agent coupling constants coupling constant coupling parameters coupling parameter coupling properties coupling property coupling springs coupling spring coupling strengths coupling strength coupling systems coupling system coupling terms coupling terms couplings coupling covalent assemblies covalent assembly covalent bonding covalent bond covalent bonds covalent bond covalent couplings covalent coupling covalent cross link covalent crosslinking covalent cross-links covalent crosslinking covalent functionalisation covalent functionalization covalent functionalizations covalent functionalization covalent interactions covalent interaction covalent link covalent linkage covalent linking covalent linkage covalent modifications covalent modification covalent organic frameworks covalent organic framework covalent systems covalent system covalently bonding covalently bonded covalently cross-linked covalently cross linked cover glass cover glass cpg-oligonucleotide cpg oligonucleotide c-plane sapphire c plane sapphire c-plane sapphire substrates c plane sapphire substrate cr adsorptions cr adsorption cr reductions cr reduction crack cracks crack deflections crack deflection crack tips crack tip crack-growth direction crack growth direction cracks cracks c-rates c rate c-reactive protein c reactive protein c-reactive proteins c reactive protein creep behaviors creep behavior cricetulus griseus cricetulus griseus cristobalites cristobalite critical amplitudes critical amplitude critical angles critical angle critical buckling loads critical buckling load critical buckling stress critical buckling stress critical challenges critical challenge critical coagulation concentration (ccc) critical coagulation concentration critical currents critical current critical factors critical factor critical fields critical field critical frequencies critical frequency critical heat flux(chf) critical heat flux critical incidents critical incidents critical issues critical issue critical lines critical line critical numbers critical number critical points critical point critical pressures critical pressure critical problems critical problem critical properties critical property critical shear rates critical shear rate critical sizes critical size critical states critical state critical steps critical step critical strain energy release rates critical strain energy release rate critical strains critical strains critical stress critical stress critical temperatures critical temperature critical thickness critical thickness critical transition temperatures critical transition temperature critical values critical value critical velocities critical velocity critical volume fractions critical volume fraction crops crops cross correlations cross correlation cross coupling reactions cross coupling reaction cross link crosslinking cross linkages cross linkage cross linking agent crosslinking agent cross linking agents crosslinking agent cross linking density crosslinking density cross linking polymer crosslinking polymer cross linking process crosslinking process cross linking reagent crosslinking reagent cross linking structure crosslinked structure cross planes cross plane cross polarizations cross polarization cross sectional profiles cross sectional profile crossbar arrays crossbar array cross-bar structures cross bar structure cross-correlations cross correlation cross-coupling cross coupling cross-coupling reactions cross coupling reaction cross-couplings cross coupling crossed andreev reflections crossed andreev reflection crossed electric and magnetic fields crossed electric and magnetic field crossed junctions crossed junction crossing overs crossing over crosslink crosslinking cross-link crosslinking cross-link densities crosslink density cross-link reactions crosslink reaction cross-linkable crosslinkable crosslinked crosslinking cross-linked films crosslinked film cross-linked hydrogels crosslinked hydrogel cross-linked networks crosslinked network cross-linked polymers crosslinked polymer crosslinked structures crosslinked structure crosslinker crosslinking cross-linkers crosslinking cross-linking crosslinking cross-linking density crosslinking density cross-linking polymers crosslinking polymer cross-linking process crosslinking process cross-linking reagents crosslinking reagent cross-linking structures crosslinking structure crosslinks crosslinking cross-over crossover crossover effects crossover effect cross-polarized cross polarized cross-sectional morphology cross sectional morphology cross-sectional scanning electron microscopies cross sectional scanning electron microscopy cross-sectional shape cross sectional shape cross-sectional tem cross sectional tem cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy cross sectional transmission electron microscopy crosstalk analysis crosstalk analysis crown ethers crown ether crucial parameters crucial parameter crumpled nanostructures crumpled nanostructure crumpled sheets crumpled sheet cryo-em cryo em cryogels cryogel cryogenic applications cryogenic application cryogenic temperatures cryogenic temperature cryogenics cryogenics cryostats cryostats cryo-tem cryo tem crystal defects crystal defect crystal facet crystal facets crystal fields crystal field crystal forms crystal form crystal impurities crystal impurity crystal lasers crystal laser crystal lattices crystal lattice crystal morphologies crystal morphology crystal nucleation and growths crystal nucleation and growths crystal particles crystal particle crystal qualities crystal quality crystal resonators crystal resonators crystal structure evolutions crystal structure evolution crystal surfaces crystal surface crystal waters crystal water crystal whiskers crystal whiskers crystallin crystalline crystalline aggregates crystalline aggregate crystalline defects crystalline defect crystalline domains crystalline domains crystalline facets crystalline facets crystalline films crystalline film crystalline insulators crystalline insulator crystalline layers crystalline layer crystalline materials crystalline material crystalline metals crystalline metal crystalline morphologies crystalline morphology crystalline orientations crystalline orientation crystalline oxides crystalline oxide crystalline phasis crystalline phasis crystalline polymers crystalline polymer crystalline properties crystalline property crystalline regions crystalline region crystalline semiconductors crystalline semiconductor crystalline si crystalline silicon crystalline silicon solar cells crystalline silicon solar cells crystalline silicon wafers crystalline silicon wafer crystalline silicons crystalline silicon crystalline solids crystalline solid crystalline structures crystalline structure crystalline substrates crystalline substrate crystalline surfaces crystalline surface crystalline systems crystalline system crystallinities crystallinity crystallisation crystallization crystallisation behaviours crystallisation behavior crystallisation behaviours crystallization behavior crystallites crystallite crystallization behaviours crystallization behaviours crystallization conditions crystallization condition crystallization kinetics crystallization kinetic crystallization mechanisms crystallization mechanism crystallization of polymers crystallization of polymer crystallization peak temperatures crystallization peak temperature crystallization process crystallization process crystallization properties crystallization property crystallization rates crystallization rate crystallographic axes crystallographic axe crystallographic defects crystallographic defect crystallographic directions crystallographic direction crystallographic etchings crystallographic etchings crystallographic orientations crystallographic orientation crystallography, x-ray crystallography, x ray crystals crystal cs cs cs atoms cs atom cu atoms cu atom cu domains cu domains cu films cu film cu ions cu ion cu matrix composites cu matrix composite cu nanoparticle cu nano particle cu nanoparticles cu nano particle cu nano-particles cu nano particle cu nanowires cu nanowire cu pockets cu pockets cu surfaces cu surface cu wires cu wire cu/low-k interconnects cu/low k interconnect cu2o cu2o cu-based cu based cu-based catalyst cu based catalyst cubic boron nitride (cbn) cubic boron nitride cubic-sic cubic sic cucumis sativus cucumis sativus cu-doped cu doped cu-doping cu doping cu-interconnects cu interconnect culture media culture medium cumulants cumulants cumulative effects cumulative effect cumulenes cumulene cu-ni alloy cu ni alloy cu-ni alloys cu ni alloy cuo nanoparticles cuo nanoparticle cuo nanorods cuo nanorod cuo nanostructures cuo nanostructure cuprates cuprate cure characteristics cure characteristic cure kinetics cure kinetic cured epoxy resins cured epoxy resin curing agents curing agent curing kinetics curing kinetic curing process curing process curing reactions curing reaction current behaviors current behavior current conduction mechanisms current conduction mechanism current density-voltage characteristics current density voltage characteristic current drives current drive current flowing current flows current flows current flows current fluctuations current fluctuation current gain current gains current gains current gains current hysteresis current hysteresis current injections current injection current levels current level current limits current limit current lines current line current measurements current measurement current models current model current paths current paths current problems current problem current properties current property current rate current ratio current ratios current ratio current rectifications current rectification current regimes current regime current research status current research status current resonances current resonance current sensing atomic force microscopies current sensing atomic force microscopy current sensors current sensor current status current status current switches current switch current transients current transients current trends current trends current voltage characteristics current voltage characteristic current-driven current driven current-induced shg current induced shg current-stressing current stressing current-time curves current time curve current-voltage characteristic current voltage characteristic current-voltage characteristics current voltage characteristic current-voltage measurements current voltage measurement current-voltage models current voltage model current-voltage plots current voltage plot current-voltage relations current voltage relation current-voltage relationship current voltage relationship current-voltage response current voltage response curvature (sori) curvature curvature effects curvature effect curved surfaces curved surface curvilinear surfaces curvilinear surface cut off frequency cutoff frequency cut-off cut off cut-off frequency cutoff frequency cutoff wavelengths cutoff wavelength cutting fluids cutting fluid cutting forces cutting force cutting process cutting process cutting tools cutting tools cutting-direction cutting direction c-v characteristic c v characteristic c-v curve c v curve c-v measurement c v measurement cvd chemical vapor deposition cvd grapheme chemical vapor deposition graphene cvd graphemes chemical vapor deposition graphene cvd graphene chemical vapor deposition graphene cvd grown graphene chemical vapor deposition grown graphene cvd growth chemical vapor deposition growth cvd growth of graphene chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene cvd growths chemical vapor deposition growth cvd method chemical vapor deposition method cvd process chemical vapor deposition process cvd reactor chemical vapor deposition reactor cvd reactors chemical vapor deposition reactor cvd synthesis chemical vapor deposition synthesis cvd-grown graphene chemical vapor deposition grown graphene cvd-growth of graphene chemical vapor deposition grown graphene cyanate ester resins cyanate ester resin cyanate esters cyanate ester cyanides cyanide cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acids cyano 4 hydroxycinnamic acid cyanobacterium cyanobacteria cycle life cycle live cycle lives cycle live cycle tests cycle test cyclic butylene terephthalates cyclic butylene terephthalate cyclic live cycle live cyclic lives cycliclive cyclic loading cyclic load cyclic loading conditions cyclic loading condition cyclic loads cyclic load cyclic n-oxides cyclic n oxide cyclic olefin copolymers cyclic olefin copolymer cyclic tests cyclic test cyclic voltammetric measurements cyclic voltammetric measurement cyclic voltammetric techniques cyclic voltammetric technique cyclic voltammetry curves cyclic voltammetry curve cyclic voltammetry studies cyclic voltammetry study cyclic voltammetry(cv) cyclic voltammetry cyclic voltammograms cyclic voltammograms cycling process cycling process cycling properties cycling property cycling tests cycling test cyclization reactions cyclization reaction cycloadditions cycloaddition cyclobutanes cyclobutane cyclodextrin cyclodextrins cyclodextrin cavities cyclodextrin cavity cyclodextrins cyclodextrins cyclohexanes cyclohexane cyclohexanones cyclohexanone cyclohexenes cyclohexene cyclopentadienyls cyclopentadienyls cyclophanes cyclophane cyclotriphosphazenes cyclotriphosphazene cyclotron cyclotrons cyclotron mass cyclotron mass cyclotron orbits cyclotron orbits cyclotron-resonance measurements cyclotron resonance measurement cyclotrons cyclotrons cylinder arrays cylinder array cylindrical shapes cylindrical shape cylindrical tubes cylindrical tube cystic fibrosis cystic fibrosis cytochrome c cytochromes c cytokines cytokine cytoskeletal proteins cytoskeletal protein cytotoxic effects cytotoxic effect cytotoxicity assays cytotoxicity assay cytotoxicity effects cytotoxicity effect d amino acid oxidase amino acioxidase d band band d band center bancenter d channel channel d electron electron d electrons electron d glucose glucose d lines line d orbitals orbitals d region region d shaped fiber shapefiber d spacing spacing d wave pairing wave pairing d wave superconductivity wave superconductivity d wave superconductor wave superconductor d. adsorption adsorption d. al2o3 al2o3 d. band structure band structure d. catalytic properties catalytic property d. chemical analysis chemical analysis d. chiral majorana edge states chiral majorana edge state d. contact resistance contact resistance d. cyclotron resonance cyclotron resonance d. defects defect d. dielectric properties dielectric property d. dirac point dirac point d. doping doping d. dynamic mechanical thermal analyses (dmta) dynamic mechanical thermal analysis d. dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (dmta) dynamic mechanical thermal analysis d. edge states edge state d. elastic properties elastic property d. elasticity elasticity d. electrical conductivity electrical conductivity d. electrical properties electrical property d. electrochemical properties electrochemical property d. electron electron interaction electron electron interaction d. electron microscopy electron microscopy d. electron-electron interactions electron electron interaction d. electronic band structure electronic band structure d. electronic properties electronic property d. electronic states electronic state d. electronic structure electronic structure d. electronic transport electronic transport d. energy storage energy storage d. fractional quantum hall effect fractional quantum hall effect d. fractography fractography d. graphene graphene d. green's function green's function d. hydrogen adsorption hydrogen adsorption d. infrared (ir) spectroscopy infrared (ir) spectroscopy d. landau level splitting landau level splitting d. landau levels landau level d. luminescence luminescence d. magnetic moment magnetic moment d. magnetic properties magnetic property d. magnetism magnetism d. mechanical properties mechanical property d. mechanical testing mechanical testing d. microstructure microstructure d. mobility mobility d. optical properties optical property d. phonons phonon d. photoelectron spectroscopy (xps) photoelectron spectroscopy d. quantum hall effect quantum hall effect d. quantum transport quantum transport d. raman spectroscopy raman spectroscopy d. scanning electron microscopy scanning electron microscopy d. scanning electron microscopy (sem) scanning electron microscopy d. semiconductivity semiconductivity d. si3n4 si3n4 d. si3n4 si3n4 d. spin polarization spin polarization d. stability stability d. static polarization static polarization d. supercapacitors supercapacitor d. superconductivity superconductivity d. surface analysis surface analysis d. surface properties surface property d. thermal analysis thermal analysis d. thermal conductivity thermal conductivity d. thermal properties thermal property d. thermogravimetric analysis (tga) thermogravimetric analysis d. tio 2 tio2 d. transmission electron microscopes (tem) transmission electron microscopy d. transmission electron microscopy (tem) transmission electron microscopy d. transport properties transport property d. tunneling tunneling d. ultrasonics ultrasonics d. weak localization weak localization d. x ray diffraction x ray diffraction d. x-ray diffraction (xrd) x ray diffraction d. zno zno (zinc oxide) daily lives daily live dairy products dairy product d'alembert equations d'alembert equation damage mechanics damage mechanic damaged layers damaged layer damage-free damage free d-amino acid oxidase amino acidoxidase damped oscillations damped oscillation damping behaviors damping behavior damping factors damping factor damping mechanisms damping mechanism dangling bonds dangling bond dark conditions dark condition dark currents dark current dark dots dark dots dark field images dark field image dark field imaging dark field image dark modes dark mode dark-field dark field dark-field scatterings dark field scattering dark-field tem dark field tem dark-field transmission electron microscopy dark field transmission electron microscopy darkness darkness data communication systems data communication system data rates data rate data sets data set data storage applications data storage application data storage devices data storage device data-communication data communication dative bonds dative bond d-band dband d-band centers dband center dc and rf characteristics dc and rf characteristic dc bias dc bias dc characteristics dc characteristic dc conductivity measurements dc conductivity measurement dc electric currents dc electric current dc measurements dc measurement d-channel dchannel de embedding process de embedding process de haas-van alphen de haas van alphen de haas-van alphen effect de haas van alphen effect de haas-van alphen oscillations de haas van alphen oscillation deactivation process deactivation process debris debris debye models debye model debye relaxation process debye relaxation process debye-type relaxation debye type relaxation decarbonylations decarbonylation decay channels decay channel decay constants decay constant decay life-time decay life time decay measurements decay measurement decoherence rates decoherence rate decolorization rates decolorization rate decomposition characteristics decomposition characteristic decomposition process decomposition process decomposition products decomposition product decoupled monolayers decoupled monolayer decreasing functions decreasing function de-doping de doping de-embedding de embedding de-embedding process de embedding process deep eutectic solvents deep eutectic solvent deep sub-micron deep sub micron deep uv photonics deep uv photonics deep-levels deep level de-epoxidation de epoxidation deep-seated tumors deep seated tumor defect concentrations defect concentration defect configurations defect configuration defect contents defect contents defect formation energies defect formation energy defect interactions defect interaction defect layers defect layer defect levels defect level defect lines defect line defect localizations defect localization defect model defect mode defect pairs defect pair defect patterns defect pattern defect potentials defect potential defect sites defect site defect structures defect structure defect-free defect free defect-free surfaces defect free surface defective edges defective edge defective sheets defective sheet defective sites defective site defective structures defective structure defect-related emission defect related emission defects defect defects and impurities defect and impurity deflection deformations deflection deformation defocus defocus defoggers defoggers deformation characteristics deformation characteristic deformation effects deformation effect deformation modes deformation mode deformation process deformation process defunctionalizations defunctionalization degenerate semiconductors degenerate semiconductor degradation intermediates degradation intermediate degradation kinetics degradation kinetic degradation of methyl oranges degradation of methyl orange degradation of organic contaminants degradation of organic contaminants degradation of organic dyes degradation of organic dyes degradation of phenols degradation of phenols degradation of pollutants degradation of pollutant degradation process degradation process degradation products degradation product degradation rate constants degradation rate constant degradation ratios degradation ratio degradation temperatures degradation temperature degree of alignments degree of alignment degree of conjugations degree of conjugation degree of deformations degree of deformation degree of freedoms degree of freedoms degree of oxidations degree of oxidation dehydration reactions dehydration reaction dehydrogenation catalysts dehydrogenation catalyst dehydrogenation kinetics dehydrogenation kinetic dehydrogenation properties dehydrogenation property dehydrogenation reactions dehydrogenation reaction dehydroxylations dehydroxylation de-icing de icing deintercalation process deintercalation process delay analysis delay analysis delay circuits delay circuit delayed-action preparations delayed action preparation d-electrons delocalized electron deleterious effects deleterious effect de-lithiation de lithiation delivery systems delivery system delocalization effects delocalization effect delocalizations delocalization delocalized electrons delocalized electron delta functions delta function demodulators demodulator denatured proteins denatured protein denaturing agents denaturing agent dendrimer dendrimers dendrimers dendrimers dendritic cells dendritic cell dendritic gold nanoparticles dendritic gold nanoparticle dendritic structures dendritic structure dendritic wedges dendritic wedge dense arrays dense array dense patterns dense pattern dense structures dense structure densification process densification process density approximations density approximation density distributions density distribution density function theory calculations density function theory calculation density functional calculations density functional calculation density functional theories (dft) density functional theory density functional theory (dft) density functional theory density functional theory calculations density functional theory calculation density functional theory methods density functional theory method density functional theory simulations density functional theory simulation density functional theory studies density functional theory study density functional tight bindings density functional tight binding density functionals density functionals density gradients density gradient density of charges density of charge density of defects density of defect density of electrons density of electron density of gases density of gas density of liquids density of liquid density of sate density of state density of sates density of state density of states density of state density of states (dof) density of state density of states (dos) density of state density oscillations density oscillation density variations density variation density-dependent density dependent density-functional density functional density-functional (df) density functional density-functional approach density functional approach density-functional calculations density functional calculation density-functional methods density functional method density-functional perturbation theory density functional perturbation theory density-functional study density functional study density-functional theories density functional theory density-functional theory density functional theory density-functional theory (dft) density functional theory density-functional theory calculations density functional theory calculation density-functional tight-binding density functional tight binding density-independent density independent density-of-states density of state density-of-states analysis density of states analysis dental composites dental composite dental prostheses dental prosthese deoxygenation reactions deoxygenation reaction deoxygenations deoxygenation deoxyribonucleases, type ii site-specific deoxyribonucleases, type ii site specific deoxyribonucleic acids deoxyribonucleic acid dephasing rates dephasing rate deposited films deposited film deposited materials deposited material deposition chambers deposition chambers deposition conditions deposition condition deposition cycles deposition cycle deposition from solutions deposition from solution deposition kinetics deposition kinetic deposition layers deposition layer deposition methods deposition method deposition of gold nanoparticles deposition of gold nanoparticle deposition of metals deposition of metal deposition of silvers deposition of silvers deposition parameters deposition parameter deposition precipitation methods deposition precipitation method deposition pressures deposition pressure deposition process deposition process deposition rates deposition rate deposition stages deposition stage deposition systems deposition system deposition temperatures deposition temperature deposition thickness deposition thickness deposition-precipitation deposition precipitation deposits deposits depth of discharges depth of discharge depth-resolved depth resolved derivative analysis derivative analysis derivatives derivative derivatizations derivatization derived carbons derived carbon derived materials derived material derived products derived product derjaguin-landau-verwey-overbeek interactions derjaguin landau verwey overbeek interaction derjaguin-landau-verwey-overbeek theories derjaguin landau verwey overbeek theory desalination membranes desalination membrane desalination systems desalination system desalination technologies desalination technology descriptors descriptors design and analysis design and analysis design and implementations design and implementation design and manufactures design and manufacture design approaches design approach design challenges design challenge design considerations design consideration design constraints design constraints design materials design material design of experiments design of experiment design parameters design parameter design principles design principle design requirements design requirement design rules design rule design strategies design strategy desorption hysteresis desorption hysteresis desorption kinetics desorption kinetic desorption peaks desorption peak desorption process desorption process desorption products desorption product desorption temperatures desorption temperature destructive effects destructive effect detailed kinetics detailed kinetic detection and diagnosis detection and diagnosis detection and identifications detection and identification detection and quantifications detection and quantification detection levels detection level detection limits detection limit detection methods detection method detection of biomolecules detection of biomolecule detection of chemicals detection of chemical detection of defects detection of defect detection of explosives detection of explosive detection process detection process detector detectors detector materials detector material detectors detectors determination coefficients determination coefficient determination of mercuries determination of mercury detonation nanodiamond detonation nanodiamonds detonation nanodiamonds detonation nanodiamonds de-trapping de trapping detrimental effects detrimental effect detunings detunings developed countries developed country developing countries developed country developing country developed country development and applications development and application development directions development direction development process development process development strategies development strategy development trends development trends device applications device application device architectures device architecture device characteristics device characteristic device configurations device configuration device fabrications device fabrication device failure analysis device failure analysis device geometries device geometry device mobilities device mobility device modeling device model device models device model device operations device operation device parameters device parameter device performances device performance device physics device physics device properties device property device simulations device simulation device simulators device simulators device sizes device size device structures device structure device surfaces device surface device technologies device technology devices device devices and systems device and system device-scaling device scaling de-wetting de wetting dextrans dextran dft calculations dft calculation dft computations dft computation dft levels dft level dft methods dft method dft-d dft d dft-d3 dft d3 d-glucose dglucose di peptides di peptides di/dv maps di/dv maps diabetes mellitus diabetes mellitus diacrylates diacrylate diagnosis diagnosis diagnostic applications diagnostic application diagnostic techniques diagnostic technique diagnostic tools diagnostic tools diagnostics diagnostics diagonalizations diagonalization diallyldimethylammonium chlorides diallyldimethylammonium chloride dialysis dialysis dialysis membranes dialysis membrane diamagnetic contributions diamagnetic contribution diameter distributions diameter distribution diameter of carbon nanotubes diameter of carbon nanotubes diamines diamine diaminoalkanes diaminoalkane diamond composites diamond composite diamond crystals diamond crystal diamond cutting tools diamond cutting tools diamond deposits diamond deposits diamond electronics diamond electronic diamond films diamond film diamond grains diamond grains diamond lattices diamond lattice diamond layers diamond layer diamond like carbon films diamond like carbon film diamond nanocrystals diamond nanocrystal diamond nanoparticles diamond nanoparticle diamond nano-particles diamond nano particle diamond nanowires diamond nanowire diamond particles diamond particle diamond phasis diamond phasis diamond powders diamond powder diamond single crystals diamond single crystal diamond slabs diamond slabs diamond structures diamond structure diamond surfaces diamond surface diamond-anvil cell diamond anvil cell diamond-like diamond like diamond-like carbon diamond like carbon diamond-like carbon (dlc) diamond like carbon diamond-like carbons diamond like carbon diamondoids diamondoids diamonds diamonds diaphragms diaphragms diarylethenes diarylethene diazo compounds diazo compound diazonium cations diazonium cation diazonium compounds diazonium compound diazonium ions diazonium ion diazonium salts diazonium salt dibenzothiophenes dibenzothiophene diblock copolymer micelles diblock copolymer micelle diborides diboride di-butyl phthalate di butyl phthalate dications dication dichalcogenides dichalcogenide di-chalcogenides di chalcogenide dichlorobenzenes dichlorobenzene dichlorophenols dichlorophenols dichlorvos dichlorvos dichroic mirrors dichroic mirrors dielectric analysis dielectric analysis dielectric barrier discharge plasmas dielectric barrier discharge plasma dielectric barrier discharges dielectric barrier discharge dielectric behaviour dielectric behavior dielectric buffers dielectric buffers dielectric capacitors dielectric capacitor dielectric characteristics dielectric characteristic dielectric coatings dielectric coating dielectric components dielectric component dielectric composites dielectric composite dielectric constants dielectric constant dielectric devices dielectric device dielectric elastomer actuators dielectric elastomer actuator dielectric elastomers dielectric elastomer dielectric films dielectric film dielectric functions dielectric function dielectric lattices dielectric lattice dielectric loss dielectric loss dielectric losses dielectric loss dielectric materials dielectric material dielectric measurements dielectric measurement dielectric media dielectric medium dielectric multilayers dielectric multilayer dielectric oxides dielectric oxide dielectric parameters dielectric parameter dielectric particles dielectric particle dielectric permittivities dielectric permittivity dielectric polymers dielectric polymer dielectric properties dielectric property dielectric properties of liquids dielectric property of liquid dielectric properties of solids dielectric property of solid dielectric resonators dielectric resonators dielectric slabs dielectric slabs dielectric spacers dielectric spacers dielectric strengths dielectric strength dielectric studies dielectric study dielectric substrates dielectric substrate dielectric thickness dielectric thickness dielectric thin films dielectric thin film dielectric waveguides dielectric waveguide dielectrics dielectric dielectrophoresis dielectrophoresis dielectrophoretic forces dielectrophoretic force diels-alder diels alder diels-alder reaction diels alder reaction dienophiles dienophile diesel engines diesel engine diesel fuels diesel fuel diethylene triamine diethylenetriamine difference equations difference equation difference-frequency generation difference frequency generation different carbon sources different carbon source different densities different density different distributions different distribution different domains different domains different effects different effect different heights different height different layers different layer different lights different lights different mass different mass different mechanisms different mechanism different modes different mode different origins different origins different particle sizes different particle size different pore sizes different pore size different precursors different precursor different pressures different pressure different process different process different proportions different proportion different pulse voltammetries different pulse voltammetry different shapes different shape different sizes different size different solvents different solvent different stages different stage different substrates different substrate different thickness different thickness different treatments different treatment different types different type different voltages different voltage differential conductance measurements differential conductance measurement differential conductances differential conductance differential equations differential equation differential pressures differential pressure differential pulse voltammetric peaks differential pulse voltammetric peak differential pulse voltammetry (dpv) differential pulse voltammetry differential pulse voltammetry techniques differential pulse voltammetry technique differential pulse voltammograms differential pulse voltammograms differential quadrature methods differential quadrature method differential resistances differential resistance differential scanning calorimeters differential scanning calorimeters differential scanning calorimetric analysis differential scanning calorimetric analysis differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) differential scanning calorimetry differential thermal analysis differential thermal analysis differential thermals differential thermals differentiated cells differentiated cells different-magnetic fields different magnetic field diffraction analysis diffraction analysis diffraction effects diffraction effect diffraction gratings diffractiongrating diffraction limits diffraction limit diffraction measurements diffraction measurement diffraction methods diffraction method diffraction orders diffraction order diffraction patterns diffraction pattern diffraction peaks diffraction peak diffraction rings diffraction ring diffraction spots diffraction spots diffraction techniques diffraction technique diffractive optics diffractive optic diffractometers diffractometers diffuse double layers diffuse double layer diffuse functions diffuse function diffuse mismatch models diffuse mismatch model diffuse reflectance uv vis diffuse reflectance uv vis diffuse reflectance-uv-vis diffuse reflectance uv vis diffusing species diffusing specy diffusion barrier layers diffusion barrier layer diffusion barriers diffusion barrier diffusion channels diffusion channel diffusion characteristics diffusion characteristic diffusion coatings diffusion coating diffusion coefficients diffusion coefficient diffusion contributions diffusion contribution diffusion controlled process diffusion controlled process diffusion currents diffusion current diffusion dynamics diffusion dynamic diffusion energy barriers diffusion energy barrier diffusion equations diffusion equation diffusion in gases diffusion in gas diffusion in liquids diffusion in liquid diffusion in solids diffusion in solid diffusion kinetics diffusion kinetic diffusion mechanisms diffusion mechanism diffusion monte carlo calculations diffusion monte carlo calculation diffusion of carbons diffusion of carbon diffusion of li diffusion of lithium ion diffusion of oxygens diffusion of oxygens diffusion parameters diffusion parameter diffusion paths diffusion paths diffusion pathways diffusion paths diffusion process diffusion process diffusion processes diffusion process diffusion properties diffusion property diffusion-controlled diffusion controlled diffusion-controlled process diffusion controlled process diffusion-limited current diffusion limited current diffusivities diffusivity digital applications digital application digital circuits digital circuit digital communication systems digital communication system digital communications digital communication digital devices digital device digital electronics digital electronic digital integrated circuits digital integrated circuit digital libraries digital library digital logic applications digital logic application digital logic gates digital logic gate digital signals digital signal diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol a dihydroxybenzene isomers dihydroxybenzene isomers dihydroxybenzenes dihydroxybenzene dihydroxynaphthalenes dihydroxynaphthalene diimide-activated amidation diimide activated amidation diisocyanates diisocyanate dilute concentrations dilute concentration dilute magnetic semiconductors dilute magnetic semiconductor diluted magnetic semiconductors diluted magnetic semiconductor dilution gas dilution gas dimensional changes dimensional change dimensional effects dimensional effect dimensional parameters dimensional parameter dimensional properties dimensional property dimensional structures dimensional structure dimensionless parameters dimensionless parameter dimer dimers dimers dimers dimethacrylates dimethacrylate dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) dimethyl sulfoxide dimethylamines dimethylamine dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate dimethylpolysiloxanes dimethylpolysiloxane dinitrobenzenes dinitrobenzene dinitrotoluenes dinitrotoluene dinucleotides dinucleotide diode characteristics diode characteristic diode circuits diode circuit diode parameters diode parameter diode pumped lasers diode pumped laser diode-pumped diode pumped diodes diode diode-side-pumped diode side pumped dioxomolybdenum complexes dioxomolybdenum complex dioxygens dioxygens dip coat dip coating dip coating process dip coating process dip coating techniques dip coating technique dip structures dip structure dip-coat dipcoat dip-coating dipcoat dip-coating method dipcoating method dipcoating methods dipcoating method dip-coating process dipcoating process dipeptides dipeptide di-peptides dipeptide dipolar cycloadditions dipolar cycloaddition dipolar molecules dipolar molecule dipolar resonances dipolar resonance dipole antennas dipole antenna dipole dipole interactions dipole dipole interaction dipole fields dipole field dipole matrix elements dipole matrix element dipole moments dipole moment dipole polarizabilities dipole polarizability dipole-dipole dipole dipole dipole-dipole couplings dipole dipole coupling dipole-dipole interaction dipole dipole interaction dip-pen nanolithography dip pen nanolithography dirac cones dirac cones dirac electrons dirac electron dirac energies dirac energy dirac equations dirac equation dirac fermion optics dirac fermion optic dirac fermions dirac fermion dirac materials dirac material dirac particles dirac particle dirac point shifts dirac point shift dirac point voltages dirac point voltage dirac points dirac point dirac quasiparticles dirac quasiparticle diradicals diradical direct alcohol fuel cells (dafc) direct alcohol fuel cells direct analysis direct analysis direct band gap semiconductors direct band gap semiconductor direct carbonizations direct carbonization direct current plasmas direct current plasma direct detectors direct detectors direct energy gaps direct energy gap direct ethanol fuel cells direct ethanol fuel cells direct ethanol fuel cells (defc) direct ethanol fuel cells direct fabrications direct fabrication direct formic acid fuel cells direct formic acid fuel cells direct interactions direct interaction direct links direct links direct measures direct measure direct methanol alkaline fuel cells direct methanol alkaline fuel cells direct methanol fuel cell (dmfc) direct methanol fuel cells direct methanol fuel cells direct methanol fuel cells direct methanol fuel cells (dmfc) direct methanol fuel cells direct methanol fuel cells (dmfcs) direct methanol fuel cells direct molecular dynamics direct molecular dynamic direct observations direct observation direct reactions direct reaction direct synthesis direct synthesis direct-current direct current directed self-assembly directed self assembly direct-gap semiconductor direct gap semiconductor directional couplers directional couplers directional effects directional effect directional properties directional property directive antennas directive antenna direct-patterning direct patterning direct-write technique direct write technique disaccharides disaccharide discharge behaviors discharge behavior discharge capacities discharge capacity discharge currents discharge current discharge curves discharge curve discharge measurements discharge measurement discharge process discharge process discharge profiles discharge profile discharge rates discharge rate discharge voltages discharge voltage discharge/charge cycles discharge/charge cycle discharge-charge discharge charge discharge-charge cycle discharge charge cycle discharge-charge cycling discharge charge cycling discharging process discharging process disclinations disclination discontinuous galerkin time domain (dgtd) discontinuous galerkin time domain discotics discotic discrete attributes discrete attribute discrete dislocations discrete dislocation discrete energies discrete energy discrete energy levels discrete energy level discrete fourier transforms discrete fourier transform discrete hamiltonians discrete hamiltonians discrete layers discrete layer discrete levels discrete level discrete models discrete model discrete values discrete value discretizations discretization discriminant analysis discriminant analysis disease diagnosis disease diagnosis disease diagnostics disease diagnostic diseases disease disilanes disilane disinfectants disinfectants dislocation densities dislocation density dislocation distributions dislocation distribution dislocation mechanisms dislocation mechanism dislocation pairs dislocation pair dislocation structures dislocation structure dislocations dislocation disorder effects disorder effect disorder parameters disorder parameter disorder strengths disorder strength disordered carbons disordered carbon disordered crystals disordered crystal disordered domains disordered domains disordered networks disordered network disordered regions disordered region disordered structures disordered structure disordered surfaces disordered surface disordered systems disordered system dispersant dispersants dispersants dispersants dispersed metals dispersed metal dispersed nanoparticles dispersed nanoparticle dispersibilities dispersibility dispersible polyanilines dispersible polyaniline dispersion analysis dispersion analysis dispersion branches dispersion branch dispersion characteristics dispersion characteristic dispersion curves dispersion curve dispersion energies dispersion energy dispersion equations dispersion equation dispersion forces dispersion force dispersion levels dispersion level dispersion mechanisms dispersion mechanism dispersion methods dispersion method dispersion of nano particles dispersion of nano particle dispersion parameters dispersion parameter dispersion patterns dispersion pattern dispersion process dispersion process dispersion properties dispersion property dispersion relations dispersion relation dispersion relationship dispersion relation dispersion solutions dispersion solution dispersion-corrected density functional dispersion corrected density functional dispersionless dispersionless dispersions dispersion dispersive behaviors dispersive behavior dispersive forces dispersive force dispersive interactions dispersive interaction dispersive micro solid-phase extraction dispersive micro solid phase extraction dispersive micro solid-phase extractions dispersive micro solid phase extraction dispersive micro-solid phase extraction dispersive micro solid phase extraction dispersive properties dispersive property dispersive solid-phase extraction dispersive solid phase extraction displacement cascades displacement cascade displacement currents displacement current displacement reactions displacement reaction display devices display device display technologies display technology displays displays disposable electrodes disposable electrode disproportionation reactions disproportionation reaction disproportionations disproportionation dissimilar materials dissimilar material dissimilar metals dissimilar metal dissipation effects dissipation effect dissipative effects dissipative effect dissipative particle dynamics dissipative particle dynamic dissipative solitons dissipative solitons dissociation energies dissociation energy dissociation kinetics dissociation kinetic dissociation mechanisms dissociation mechanism dissociation pathways dissociation pathways dissociation process dissociation process dissociation products dissociation product dissociation reactions dissociation reaction dissociative mechanisms dissociative mechanism dissolution reactions dissolution reaction dissolution-crystallization dissolution crystallization dissolved carbons dissolved carbon dissolved organic matter dissolved organic matters dissolved organic matters dissolved organic matters distillation-precipitation polymerization distillation precipitation polymerization distinctive features distinctive feature distributed loads distributed load distributed transmissions distributed transmission distribution analysis distribution analysis distribution functions distribution function distribution of atoms distribution of atom distribution of grains distribution of grains distribution patterns distribution pattern disulfide bonds disulfide bond disulfides disulfide divacancies divacancy di-vacancy defects di vacancy defect divalent ions divalent ion diverse applications diverse application diverse properties diverse property diverse techniques diverse technique divide-and-conquer approach divide and conquer approach dmfcs dmfcs dna analysis dna analysis dna assays dna assay dna base pairs dna base pair dna bases dna base dna basis dna basis dna biosensors dna biosensor dna breaks, single-stranded dna breaks, single stranded dna damages dna damage dna duplexes dna duplex dna helicases dna helicase dna methyltransferases dna methyltransferase dna molecules dna molecule dna mutational analysis dna mutational analysis dna nanostructures dna nanostructure dna nucleotides dna nucleotide dna oligonucleotides dna oligonucleotide dna primers dna primers dna probes dna probe dna restriction enzymes dna restriction enzyme dna samples dna sample dna segments dna segments dna self-assembly dna self assembly dna sensors dna sensor dna sequences dna sequence dna strands dna strand dna synthesis dna synthesis dna targets dna targets dna, single-stranded dna, single stranded dna-binding proteins dna binding protein dna-cytosine methylases dna cytosine methylase dna-dna hybridization dna dna hybridization dna-modified electrodes dna modified electrode dna-protein interaction dna protein interaction doctor-blade coatings doctor blade coating dodecyl amines dodecyl amine dodecylbenzene sulfonates dodecylbenzene sulfonate dogs dogs domain boundaries domain boundary domain decomposition methods domain decomposition method domain size effects domain size effect domain sizes domain size domain wall domain walls domain walls domain walls domes dome domestic appliances domestic appliance dominant contributions dominant contribution dominant process dominant process donor concentrations donor concentration donor levels donor level donor-acceptor donor acceptor donor-acceptor complex donor acceptor complex donor-acceptor interaction donor acceptor interaction donor-acceptor system donor acceptor system donor-acceptor systems donor acceptor system donor-acceptors donor acceptor dopamine (da) dopamine dopamine concentrations dopamine concentration dopamine detections dopamine detection dopamines dopamine dopant atoms dopant atom dopant concentrations dopant concentration dopant precursors dopant precursor dopant species dopant specy dopants dopant doped carbons doped carbon doped carriers doped carriers doped channels doped channel doped grapheme doped graphene doped graphenes doped graphene doped graphenes doped graphene doped holes doped hole doped layers doped layer doped materials doped material doped semiconductors doped semiconductor doped silicas doped silicas doped structures doped structure doped systems doped system doping atoms doping atom doping concentrations doping concentration doping densities doping density doping effects doping effect doping induced changes doping induced change doping layers doping layer doping levels doping level doping methods doping method doping positions doping position doping process doping process doping profiles doping profile doping sites doping site doping strategies doping strategy doping techniques doping technique dos dos dose-dependent dose dependent dose-dependent manner dose dependent manner dose-response relationship, drug dose response relationship, drug dot operators dot operators double barriers double barrier double bonds double bond double dot systems double dot system double dots double dots double heterostructures double heterostructure double hydroxides double hydroxide double layer models double layer model double layer systems double layer system double layers double layer double quantum dot double quantum dots double quantum dots double quantum dots double sides double side double walled carbon nanotube double walled carbon nanotubes double walled carbon nanotubes double walled carbon nanotubes double-barrier junction double barrier junction double-barrier structures double barrier structure double-gate double gate double-gate device double gate device double-layer double layer double-layer capacitance double layer capacitance double-layer capacitors double layer capacitor double-layer films double layer film double-layer graphene double layer graphene double-layer supercapacitor double layer supercapacitor double-network hydrogels double network hydrogel double-paddle oscillator double paddle oscillator double-quantum double quantum double-quantum dot device double quantum dot device doublers doubler double-stranded dna double stranded dna double-stranded dna (ds-dna) double stranded dna double-stranded plasmid double stranded plasmid double-wall carbon nanotubes double wall carbon nanotube double-walled double walled double-walled carbon nanotube double walled carbon nanotubes double-walled carbon nanotubes double walled carbon nanotubes double-walled nanotubes double walled nanotube down shifts down shift down-scaling down scaling down-stream plasmas down stream plasma doxorubicin conjugates doxorubicin conjugate doxorubicin hydrochlorides doxorubicin hydrochloride drag effects drag effect drain bias drain bias drain current models drain current model drain electrodes drain electrode drain-induced barrier lowering drain induced barrier lowering drain-source bias voltages drain source bias voltage drain-source currents drain source current drain-source voltage drain source voltage dressed states dressed state drift mobilities drift mobility drift velocities drift velocity driftdiffusion equations driftdiffusion equation drift-diffusion model drift diffusion model drilling fluids drilling fluid drive currents drive current driving forces driving force driving frequencies driving frequency driving voltages driving voltage drop coatings drop coating drop-cast drop cast drop-casting drop casting drop-coating method drop coating method droplet sizes droplet size droplet-based microfluidics droplet based microfluidic droplets size droplet size droplets sizes droplet size drude models drude model drude weights drude weights drug analysis drug analysis drug carriers drug carrier drug carriers drug carrier drug delivery applications drug delivery application drug delivery systems drug delivery system drug delivery vehicles drug delivery vehicle drug effects drug effect drug interactions drug interaction drug load drug loading drug molecules drug molecule drug products drug product drug release properties drug release property drug synthesis drug synthesis drug-delivery systems drug delivery system drug-loading efficiency drug loading efficiency dry and wet conditions dry and wet condition dry etching process dry etching process dry plasmas dry plasma dry powders dry powder dry transfers dry transfers drying methods drying method drying process drying process dsc curves dsc curve dsc measurements dsc measurement d-shaped fiber shape fiber d-spacing spacing dsscs dsscs dual emissions dual emission dual gates dual gate dual mechanisms dual mechanism dual modes dual mode dual series dual serie dual series equations dual series equation dual-doped graphene dual doped graphene dual-gate structure dual gate structure dual-modal imaging dual modal imaging dual-series dual serie dual-wavelength dual wavelength dual-wavelength mode locking dual wavelength mode locking dual-wavelength outputs dual wavelength output dubinin-radushkevich dubinin radushkevich dumbbell likes dumbbell like duplex structures duplex structure duplex-specific nuclease duplex specific nuclease dust , extinction dust, extinction dust detectors dust detectors d-wave pairing wave pairing d-wave superconductivity wave superconductor d-wave superconductor wave superconductor d-wave superconductors wave superconductor d'yakonov-perel d'yakonov perel dye molecules dye molecule dye pollutants dye pollutant dye sensitized solar cells dye sensitized solar cell dye sensitized solar cells dye sensitized solar cell dye- sensitized solar cells dye sensitized solar cell dye sensitized solar cells (dssc) dye sensitized solar cell dye wastewater treatments dye wastewater treatment dye wastewaters dye wastewater dyes dye dyes adsorptions dyes adsorption dyes, reagents, indicators, markers and buffers dyes, reagent, indicators, marker and buffers dyes/pigments dyes/pigments dye-sensitised solar cell dye sensitised solar cell dye-sensitised solar cells dye sensitised solar cell dye-sensitized dye sensitized dye-sensitized solar cell dye sensitized solar cell dye-sensitized solar cell (dssc) dye sensitized solar cell dye-sensitized solar cells dye sensitized solar cell dynamic analysis dynamic analysis dynamic behaviors dynamic behavior dynamic behaviours dynamic behavior dynamic changes dynamic change dynamic characteristics dynamic characteristic dynamic contact angle analysis dynamic contact angle analysis dynamic contact-angle analysis dynamic contact angle analysis dynamic controls dynamic control dynamic effects dynamic effect dynamic equations dynamic equation dynamic features dynamic feature dynamic forces dynamic force dynamic fractures dynamic fracture dynamic loadings dynamic loadings dynamic loads dynamic load dynamic mechanical analysis dynamic mechanical analysis dynamic mechanical analysis (dma) dynamic mechanical analysis dynamic mechanical measurements dynamic mechanical measurement dynamic mechanical properties dynamic mechanical property dynamic mechanical thermal analysis dynamic mechanical thermal analysis dynamic models dynamic model dynamic motions dynamic motion dynamic operations dynamic operation dynamic polarizabilities dynamic polarizability dynamic pressures dynamic pressure dynamic process dynamic process dynamic studies dynamic study dynamic viscosities dynamic viscosity dynamic wettabilities dynamic wettability dynamical approaches dynamical approach dynamical behaviors dynamical behavior dynamical fermions dynamical fermion dynamical heterogeneities dynamical heterogeneity dynamical mean-field theory dynamical mean field theory dynamical mechanical analysis dynamical mechanical analysis dynamical mechanisms dynamical mechanism dynamical process dynamical process dynamical properties dynamical property dynamical systems dynamical system dynamics dynamic e. batteries battery e. capacitors capacitor e. compression mouldings compression moulding e. cure cure e. density functional theory density functional theory e. electro-spinning electro spinning e. extrusion extrusion e. first principles first principle e. first-principles first principle e. first-principles calculations first principles calculation e. inelastic light scattering inelastic light scattering e. melt spinnings melt spinning e. melt-spinning melt spinning e. molecular dynamics simulation molecular dynamics simulation e. nano-materials nano material e. numerical simulations numerical simulation e. powder processing powder processing e. raman spectroscopy raman spectroscopy e. sol-gel methods sol gel method e. surface treatment surface treatment e. surface treatments surface treatment e. synchrotron radiation synchrotron radiation e. thermal analysis thermal analysis e. thermosetting resin thermosetting resin e. thermosetting resins thermosetting resin early diagnosis early diagnosis early stages early stage early transition metals early transition metal earphones earphone earth-abundant materials earth abundant material easy axis easy axis e-beam irradiation e beam irradiation e-beam lithography e beam lithography e-beam resist e beam resist eco-friendly eco friendly eco-friendly materials eco friendly material economic advantages economic advantage economic analysis economic analysis economic and social effects economic and social effect economic feasibilities economic feasibility economic implications economic implication economical methods economical method economics economics ecosystems ecosystem edge bands edge band edge bond relaxations edge bond relaxation edge channels edge channel edge conditions edge condition edge contacts edge contact edge currents edge current edge defects edge defect edge densities edge density edge dislocations edge dislocation edge effects edge effect edge emissions edge emission edge emitters edge emitters edge magnetoplasmons edge magnetoplasmons edge modes edge mode edge orientations edge orientation edge properties edge property edge roughness edge roughness edge sites edge site edge states edge state edge stress edge stress edge structures edge structure edge terminations edge termination edge waves edge wave edge-atoms edge atom edge-functionalization edge functionalization edge-plane pyrolytic graphite edge plane pyrolytic graphite edges edge edge-selective functionalization edge selective functionalization edge-selective modification edge selective modification edge-states edge state edge-to-edge edge to edge eds eds e-e interaction e e interaction eels eels effect factors effect factor effect of carbons effect of carbon effect of chemicals effect of chemical effect of coppers effect of coppers effect of sizes effect of size effect of strains effect of strain effect of supports effect of supports effective approaches effective approach effective bending stiffness effective bending stiffness effective confinements effective confinements effective dielectric constants effective dielectric constant effective elastic modulus effective elastic modulus effective electrons effective electron effective equations effective equation effective exciton mass effective exciton mass effective interactions effective interaction effective mass effective mass effective materials effective material effective mechanical properties effective mechanical property effective mechanisms effective mechanism effective media effective medium effective medium approaches effective medium approach effective medium theories effective medium theory effective mobilities effective mobility effective mode areas effective mode area effective nonlinearities effective nonlinearity effective oxide thickness effective oxide thickness effective parameters effective parameter effective potentials effective potential effective properties effective property effective removals effective removals effective resistances effective resistance effective specific surface areas effective specific surface area effective stiffness effective stiffness effective stress effective stress effective synthesis effective synthesis effective theories effective theory effective thickness effective thickness effective young's modulus effective young's modulus effectively unpaired electrons effectively unpaired electron effective-mass theory effective mass theory effective-medium approximation effective medium approximation effector cells effector cells effects of impurities effect of impurity effects of strains effect of strain efficiency levels efficiency level efficient analysis efficient analysis efficient catalysts efficient catalyst efficient process efficient process efficient synthesis efficient synthesis effluents effluent e-field e field efros-shklovskii variable range hopping efros shklovskii variable range hopping eigen frequencies eigen frequency eigen modes eigen mode eigen state eigenstates eigenchannels eigenchannel eigenmode analysis eigenmode analysis eigenstates eigenstates eigen-value eigen value eigenvalues eigenvalue eigenvalues and eigenfunctions eigenvalue and eigenfunction eis eis eis measurements eis measurement elastic constants elastic constant elastic edges elastic edge elastic fields elastic field elastic instabilities elastic instability elastic mechanical properties elastic mechanical property elastic membranes elastic membrane elastic models elastic model elastic modulus elastic moduli elastic parameters elastic parameter elastic plate models elastic plate model elastic properties elastic property elastic recoil detection analysis elastic recoil detection analysis elastic scattering cross sections elastic scattering cross section elastic stiffness elastic stiffness elastic waves elastic wave elastin like polypeptides elastin like polypeptides elastin-like polypeptides elastin like polypeptide elastohydrodynamics elastohydrodynamic elastomer elastomers elastomer composites elastomer composite elastomer matrices elastomer matrix elastomeric materials elastomeric material elastomeric nanocomposites elastomeric nanocomposite elastomeric stamps elastomeric stamps elastomers elastomers electric and dielectric properties electric and dielectric property electric and magnetic fields electric and magnetic field electric arc discharges electric arc discharge electric arcs electric arcs electric barriers electric barrier electric batteries electric battery electric bias electric bias electric breakdown of liquids electric breakdown of liquid electric cars electric cars electric cell-substrate impedance sensing electric cell substrate impedance sensing electric characteristics electric characteristic electric circuit breakers electric circuit breakers electric coils electric coils electric conductivity of gases electric conductivity of gas electric conductivity of solids electric conductivity of solid electric conductors electric conductors electric connections electric connection electric connectors electric connectors electric contactors electric contactors electric contacts electric contact electric converters electric converters electric current collectors electric current collectors electric currents electric current electric delay lines electric delay line electric devices electric device electric dipole moments electric dipole moment electric discharges electric discharge electric displacement fields electric displacement field electric double-layer capacitances electric double layer capacitance electric double-layer transistors electric double layer transistor electric drives electric drive electric energies electric energy electric fault currents electric fault current electric field components electric field component electric field distributions electric field distribution electric field effects electric field effect electric field intensities electric field intensity electric field sensors electric field sensor electric field-induced alignment electric field induced alignment electric field-induced phase transition electric field induced phase transition electric fields electric field electric furnaces electric furnace electric generators electric generator electric heating elements electric heating element electric insulators electric insulator electric inverters electric inverters electric lamps electric lamps electric lines electric line electric losses electric loss electric network analysis electric network analysis electric network analyzers electric network analyzers electric permittivities electric permittivity electric power supplies electric power supply electric power supplies to apparatus electric power supplies to apparatus electric power systems electric power system electric properties electric property electric reactors electric reactor electric rectifiers electric rectifiers electric sparks electric sparks electric switches electric switch electric tools electric tools electric transport measurements electric transport measurement electric transport properties electric transport property electric utilities electric utility electric vehicles electric vehicle electric vehicles (evs) electric vehicle electrical activities electrical activity electrical analysis electrical analysis electrical and dielectric properties electrical and dielectric property electrical and mechanical properties electrical and mechanical property electrical and optical properties electrical and optical property electrical and structural properties electrical and structural property electrical and thermal conductivities electrical and thermal conductivity electrical applications electrical application electrical behaviors electrical behavior electrical bias electrical bias electrical characteristics electrical characteristic electrical charges electrical charge electrical conductances electrical conductance electrical conducting properties electrical conducting property electrical conduction mechanisms electrical conduction mechanism electrical conductive adhesives electrical conductive adhesive electrical conductive composites electrical conductive composite electrical conductivities electrical conductivity electrical conductivity measurements electrical conductivity measurement electrical conductivity parameters electrical conductivity parameter electrical conductor electrical conductors electrical conductors electrical conductors electrical connectors electrical connectors electrical contacts electrical contact electrical devices electrical device electrical dipoles electrical dipole electrical discharges electrical discharge electrical double layers electrical double layer electrical double-layer electrical double layer electrical double-layer capacitances electrical double layer capacitance electrical double-layer capacitor electrical double layer capacitor electrical double-layer capacitors electrical double layer capacitor electrical energy storage devices electrical energy storage systems electrical energy storages electrical energy storage electrical equipment and supplies electrical equipment and supply electrical field effects electrical field effect electrical fields electrical field electrical hysteresis electrical hysteresis electrical insulation properties electrical insulation property electrical insulators electrical insulator electrical interconnections electrical interconnection electrical interconnects electrical interconnects electrical junctions electrical junction electrical measurements electrical measurement electrical methods electrical method electrical networks electrical network electrical papers electrical papers electrical parameters electrical parameter electrical potential parameters electrical potential parameter electrical products electrical product electrical properties electrical property electrical resistances electrical resistance electrical resistivities electrical resistivity electrical resistivity measurements electrical resistivity measurement electrical responses electrical response electrical stimulations electrical stimulation electrical structures electrical structure electrical studies electrical study electrical transport characteristics electrical transport characteristic electrical transport measurements electrical transport measurement electrical transport properties electrical transport property electrical voltages electrical voltage electrically actives electrically active electrically conducting networks electrically conducting network electrically conductive adhesives electrically conductive adhesive electrically conductive composites electrically conductive composite electrically conductive films electrically conductive film electrically conductive inks electrically conductive inks electrically conductive polymers electrically conductive polymer electric-field electric field electric-field amplitude electric field amplitude electric-field control electric field control electric-field directions electric field direction electric-field-induced strain electric field induced strain electro actives electro active electro analysis electro analysis electro catalysis electro catalysis electro catalysts electro catalyst electro hydrodynamic (ehd) electro hydrodynamic electro membrane extractions electro membrane extraction electro oxidation process electro oxidation process electro-absorption electro absorption electroabsorption modulators electroabsorption modulator electro-active actuators electro active actuator electroactive composites electroactive composite electroactive compounds electroactive compound electroactive graphene oxides electroactive graphene oxide electroactive labels electroactive labels electroactive materials electroactive material electroactive organic compounds electroactive organic compound electroactive polyanilines electroactive polyaniline electroactive polyimides electroactive polyimide electroactive polymer actuators electroactive polymer actuator electro-active polymers electro active polymer electroactive probes electroactive probe electroactive species electroactive specy electroactive surface areas electroactive surface area electroactive-area electroactive area electroactivities electroactivity electro-activity electro activity electroanalyisis electroanalysis electroanalysis electroanalysis electro-analysis electro analysis electroanalytical applications electroanalytical application electroanalytical properties electroanalytical property electro-caloric effects electro caloric effect electrocatalysis electrocatalysis electro-catalysis electro catalysis electro-catalyst electro catalyst electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reactions electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts electrocatalyst electro-catalysts electro catalyst electro-catalytic electro catalytic electrocatalytic activities electrocatalytic activity electro-catalytic activities electro catalytic activity electro-catalytic activity electro catalytic activity electrocatalytic effects electrocatalytic effect electrocatalytic efficiencies electrocatalytic efficiency electrocatalytic electrodes electrocatalytic electrode electro-catalytic hydrogen productions electro catalytic hydrogen production electrocatalytic materials electrocatalytic material electro-catalytic oxidation electro catalytic oxidation electrocatalytic properties electrocatalytic property electrocatalytic reactions electrocatalytic reaction electrocatalytic reduction of oxygens electrocatalytic reduction of oxygens electrocatalytical properties electrocatalytical property electrochemical absorptions electrochemical absorption electrochemical active surface areas electrochemical active surface area electrochemical activities electrochemical activity electrochemical actuators electrochemical actuator electrochemical analyses electrochemical analysis electrochemical analysis electrochemical analysis electro-chemical anodization electro chemical anodization electrochemical applications electrochemical application electrochemical assays electrochemical assay electrochemical batteries electrochemical battery electrochemical behaviors electrochemical behavior electrochemical behaviour electrochemical behavior electrochemical biosensors electrochemical biosensor electrochemical capacities electrochemical capacity electrochemical capacitors electrochemical capacitor electrochemical catalysis electrochemical catalysis electrochemical catalytic activities electrochemical catalytic activity electrochemical cells electrochemical cells electrochemical characteristics electrochemical characteristic electrochemical characterizations electrochemical characterization electrochemical conditions electrochemical condition electrochemical corrosion tests electrochemical corrosion test electrochemical currents electrochemical current electrochemical cycle stabilities electrochemical delaminations electrochemical delamination electrochemical deposition methods electrochemical deposition method electrochemical deposition process electrochemical deposition process electrochemical detection systems electrochemical detection system electrochemical detectors electrochemical detectors electrochemical devices electrochemical device electrochemical dna biosensors electrochemical dna biosensor electrochemical double layer capacitors electrochemical double layer capacitor electrochemical double-layer capacitor electrochemical double layer capacitor electrochemical double-layer capacitors electrochemical double layer capacitor electrochemical effects electrochemical effect electrochemical electrodes electrochemical electrode electrochemical energy conversions electrochemical energy conversion electrochemical energy storage devices electrochemical energy storage device electrochemical energy technologies electrochemical energy technology electrochemical environments electrochemical environment electrochemical enzyme biosensors electrochemical enzyme biosensor electrochemical evaluations electrochemical evaluation electrochemical experiments electrochemical experiment electrochemical features electrochemical feature electrochemical gates electrochemical gate electrochemical genosensors electrochemical genosensor electrochemical glucose sensors electrochemical glucose sensor electrochemical immunoassays electrochemical immunoassay electrochemical immunosensors electrochemical immunosensor electrochemical impedance analysis electrochemical impedance analysis electrochemical impedance measurements electrochemical impedance measurement electrochemical impedance spectroscopies (eis) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (eis) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique electrochemical impedance techniques electrochemical impedance technique electrochemical impendence spectroscopies electrochemical impendence spectroscopy electrochemical intercalations electrochemical intercalation electrochemical investigations electrochemical investigation electrochemical kinetics electrochemical kinetic electrochemical labels electrochemical labels electrochemical lithium storages electrochemical lithium storage electrochemical luminescences electrochemical luminescence electrochemical materials electrochemical material electrochemical measurements electrochemical measurement electrochemical mechanisms electrochemical mechanism electrochemical metallization (ecm) electrochemical metallization electrochemical methods electrochemical method electrochemical microsensors electrochemical microsensor electrochemical oxidation and reductions electrochemical oxidation and reduction electrochemical parameters electrochemical parameter electrochemical performances electrochemical performance electrochemical platforms electrochemical platform electrochemical power sources electrochemical power source electrochemical process electrochemical process electrochemical properties electrochemical property electrochemical reactions electrochemical reaction electrochemical redox reactions electrochemical redox reaction electrochemical reductions electrochemical reduction electrochemical routes electrochemical route electrochemical sensors electrochemical sensor electrochemical signals electrochemical signal electrochemical stabilities electrochemical stability electrochemical stripping analysis electrochemical stripping analysis electrochemical studies electrochemical study electrochemical supercapacitors electrochemical supercapacitor electrochemical surface areas electrochemical surface area electrochemical surfaces electrochemical surface electrochemical synthesis electrochemical synthesis electrochemical systems electrochemical system electrochemical techniques electrochemical technique electrochemical testing electrochemical test electrochemical transducers electrochemical transducer electrochemical treatments electrochemical treatment electrochemically active biofilms electrochemically active biofilm electrochemically active surface areas electrochemically active surface area electrochemical-reduced graphene oxides electrochemical reduced graphene oxide electrochemiluminescence (ecl) electrochemiluminescence electrochemiluminescence immunosensors electrochemiluminescence immunosensor electrochemiluminescence sensors electrochemiluminescence sensor electrochemistry measurements electrochemistry measurement electrochemistry methods electrochemistry method electrochemistry properties electrochemistry property electrochromic electrochromics electro-chromic applications electro chromic application electrochromic devices electrochromic device electrochromic properties electrochromic property electrochromics electrochromics electro-conductive cellulosic paper electro conductive cellulosic paper electro-conductive composites electro conductive composite electro-conductive properties electro conductive property electroconductive textiles electroconductive textil electrode active materials electrode active material electrode arrays electrode array electrode catalysts electrode catalyst electrode composites electrode composite electrode configurations electrode configuration electrode contacts electrode contact electrode geometries electrode geometry electrode kinetics electrode kinetic electrode materials electrode material electrode metals electrode metal electrode possesses electrode possess electrode potentials electrode potential electrode properties electrode property electrode reactions electrode reaction electrode substrates electrode substrate electrode surface modifications electrode surface modification electrode surfaces electrode surface electrode systems electrode system electrode thickness electrode thickness electrode/electrolyte interfaces electrode/electrolyte interface electrode-electrolyte interfaces electrode electrolyte interface electro-deposited nickel electro deposited nickel electro-deposition electro deposition electrodeposition conditions electrodeposition condition electrodeposition methods electrodeposition method electrodeposition process electrodeposition process electrodes electrode electrode-tissue interface electrode tissue interface electrodynamic properties electrodynamic property electrodynamics electrodynamic electro-fenton electro fenton electrohydrodynamics electrohydrodynamic electrokinesis electrokinesis electrokinetic properties electrokinetic property electroless electroless electroless deposition process electroless deposition process electroluminescence devices electroluminescence device electroluminescent structures electroluminescent structure electrolysis electrolysis electrolysis of waters electrolysis of water electrolyte additives electrolyte additive electrolyte compositions electrolyte composition electrolyte contacts electrolyte contact electrolyte interfaces electrolyte interface electrolyte solutions electrolyte solution electrolyte systems electrolyte system electrolytes electrolyte electrolytic analysis electrolytic analysis electrolytic capacitors electrolytic capacitor electrolytic cells electrolytic cells electromagnetic absorbers electromagnetic absorbers electromagnetic absorption properties electromagnetic absorption property electromagnetic analysis electromagnetic analysis electromagnetic applications electromagnetic application electromagnetic boundary conditions electromagnetic boundary condition electromagnetic communications electromagnetic communication electromagnetic devices electromagnetic device electromagnetic environments electromagnetic environment electromagnetic field effects electromagnetic field effect electromagnetic fields electromagnetic field electromagnetic filters electromagnetic filter electromagnetic interactions electromagnetic interaction electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness electromagnetic interference shielding materials electromagnetic interference shielding material electromagnetic measurements electromagnetic measurement electromagnetic mode electromagnetic modeling electromagnetic model electromagnetic modeling electromagnetic models electromagnetic modeling electromagnetic modes electromagnetic modeling electromagnetic parameters electromagnetic parameter electromagnetic problems electromagnetic problem electromagnetic properties electromagnetic property electromagnetic shielding effectiveness electromagnetic shielding effectiveness electromagnetic signals electromagnetic signal electromagnetic simulators electromagnetic simulators electromagnetic solitons electromagnetic solitons electromagnetic systems electromagnetic system electromagnetic vortices electromagnetic vortice electromagnetic wave absorption properties electromagnetic wave absorption property electromagnetic waves electromagnetic wave electromagnetically-induced transparency electromagnetically induced transparency electromagnetics electromagnetics electromagnets electromagnets electro-mechanical electro mechanical electro-mechanical actuations electro mechanical actuation electro-mechanical actuator electro mechanical actuator electromechanical actuators electromechanical actuator electromechanical devices electromechanical device electromechanical effects electromechanical effect electromechanical measurements electromechanical measurement electromechanical properties electromechanical property electro-mechanical properties electro mechanical property electromechanical resonators electromechanical resonators electromechanical switches electromechanical switch electromechanical systems electromechanical system electromechanics electromechanics electro-mechanics electro mechanic electromembrane extractions electromembrane extraction electron acceptor materials electron acceptor material electron acceptors electron acceptor electron and phonon transports electron and phonon transport electron back scattered diffraction electron back scatter diffraction electron back-scattered diffraction electron back scatter diffraction electron band structures electron band structure electron bands electron band electron beam depositions electron beam deposition electron beam evaporators electron beam evaporators electron beam irradiations electron beam irradiation electron beam-induced deposition electron beam induced deposition electron beams electron beam electron bombardments electron bombardments electron channeling contrasts electron channeling contrasts electron clouds electron clouds electron collections electron collection electron collectors electron collectors electron correlations electron correlation electron crystals electron crystal electron currents electron current electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced chemical vapor depositions electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition electron densities electron density electron density distributions electron density distribution electron density of states electron density of state electron devices electron device electron diffraction analysis electron diffraction analysis electron distributions electron distribution electron donating properties electron donating property electron donor acceptor electron donor acceptors electron donor acceptors electron donor acceptors electron donor-acceptor electron donor acceptors electron donors electron donor electron doping effects electron doping effect electron dynamics electron dynamic electron effective mass electron effective mass electron emission currents electron emission current electron emission properties electron emission property electron emitter electron emittera electron emitters electron emitters electron energies electron energy electron energy analyzers electron energy analyzers electron energy levels electron energy level electron energy loss electron energy loss electron energy loss spectroscopy (eels) electron energy loss spectroscopy electron energy-loss spectroscopy (eels) electron energy loss spectroscopy electron excitations electron excitation electron field emission properties electron field emission property electron gas electron gas electron groups electron group electron guns electron guns electron hole pairs electron hole pair electron holograms electron holograms electron interactions electron interaction electron localizations electron localization electron loss electron loss electron microprobe analysis electron microprobe analysis electron microscope electron microscopy electron microscope image electron microscopy image electron microscope images electron microscopy image electron microscope tomography electron microscopy tomography electron microscopes electron microscopy electron microscopies (tem and sem) electron microscopy electron microscopies (tem) electron microscopy electron microscopy analysis electron microscopy analysis electron microscopy images electron microscopy image electron multipliers electron multiplier electron optics electron optic electron oscillations electron oscillation electron paramagnetic resonances (epr) electron paramagnetic resonances electron phonon couplings electron phonon coupling electron phonons electron phonon electron plasmas electron plasma electron pockets electron pockets electron probe microanalysis electron probe microanalysis electron properties electron property electron recombinations electron recombination electron scanning microscopies electron scanning microscopy electron scavengers electron scavenger electron scavengers electron scavenger electron self-energy electron self energy electron signals electron signal electron sources electron source electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis electron spin resonance measurements electron spin resonance measurement electron spins electron spin electron states electron state electron structures electron structure electron systems electron system electron trajectories electron trajectory electron transfer agents electron transfer agent electron transfer effects electron transfer effect electron transfer kinetics electron transfer kinetic electron transfer mechanisms electron transfer mechanism electron transfer mediators electron transfer mediators electron transfer pathways electron transfer pathways electron transfer process electron transfer process electron transfer rates electron transfer rate electron transfers electron transfers electron transistors electron transistor electron transitions electron transition electron transmissions electron transmission electron transport layers electron transport layer electron transport measurements electron transport measurement electron transport parameters electron transport parameter electron transport properties electron transport property electron transporting materials electron transporting material electron transports electron transport electron traps electron tra electron tube diodes electron tube diode electron tubes electron tube electron wave functions electron wave function electron wave vectors electron wave vectors electron wavefunctions electron wavefunction electron waveguides electron waveguide electron wavelengths electron wavelength electron-accepting electron accepting electron-acceptor electron acceptor electron-beam electron beam electron-beam exposure electron beam exposure electron-beam irradiation electron beam irradiation electron-beam irradiations electron beam irradiation electron-beam-generated plasmas electron beam generated plasma electron-beam-induced current electron beam induced current electron-deficient electron deficient electron-donating electron donating electron-donating ability electron donating ability electron-donating effects electron donating effect electron-donating group electron donating group electron-doped electron doped electron-doping electron doping electronegative atoms electronegative atom electron-electron correlation electron electron correlation electron-electron interaction electron electron interaction electron-electron interactions electron electron interaction electron-electron scattering electron electron scattering electron-hole asymmetry electron hole asymmetry electron-hole correlation electron hole correlation electron-hole interactions electron hole interaction electron-hole liquid electron hole liquid electron-hole mobilities electron hole mobility electron-hole pair electron hole pair electron-hole pair generation electron hole pair generation electron-hole pairs electron hole pair electron-hole puddles electron hole puddle electron-hole recombination electron hole recombination electron-hole separation electron hole separation electron-hole state electron hole state electron-hole transitions electron hole transition electron-hole transport electron hole transport electronic and magnetic properties electronic and magnetic property electronic and optical properties electronic and optical property electronic and optical properties of graphene superlattices electronic and structural properties electronic and structural property electronic applications electronic application electronic band gaps electronic band gap electronic band structures electronic band structure electronic bands electronic band electronic band-structure electronic band structure electronic behaviors electronic behavior electronic building blocks electronic building block electronic carriers electronic carriers electronic changes electronic change electronic channels electronic channel electronic characteristics electronic characteristic electronic charges electronic charge electronic circuits electronic circuit electronic communications electronic communication electronic conductors electronic conductors electronic contributions electronic contribution electronic counterparts electronic counterparts electronic densities electronic density electronic density of states electronic density of state electronic devices electronic device electronic dispersions electronic dispersion electronic dynamics electronic dynamic electronic effects electronic effect electronic eigenstates electronic eigenstate electronic energies electronic energy electronic energy levels electronic energy level electronic energy loss electronic energy loss electronic environments electronic environment electronic excitations electronic excitation electronic ferroelectricities electronic ferroelectricity electronic gas electronic gas electronic industries electronic industry electronic interactions electronic interaction electronic junctions electronic junction electronic levels electronic level electronic materials electronic material electronic measurements electronic measurement electronic mechanisms electronic mechanism electronic memories electronic memory electronic microscopes electronic microscope electronic modifications electronic modification electronic motions electronic motion electronic nanodevices electronic nanodevice electronic natures electronic nature electronic networks electronic network electronic phasis electronic phasis electronic platforms electronic platform electronic process electronic process electronic properties electronic property electronic quantum transports electronic quantum transport electronic sensors electronic sensor electronic signals electronic signal electronic signatures electronic signature electronic spins electronic spin electronic states electronic state electronic structure and optical properties electronic structure and optical property electronic structure calculations electronic structure calculation electronic structure of nanoscale materials electronic structure of nanoscale material electronic structures electronic structure electronic subsystems electronic subsystem electronic superlattices electronic superlattice electronic switches electronic switch electronic systems electronic system electronic technologies electronic technology electronic textiles electronic textil electronic tongues electronic tongue electronic transfers electronic transfers electronic transitions electronic transition electronic transmissions electronic transmission electronic transport in nanoscale materials and structures electronic transport in nanoscale material and structure electronic transport measurements electronic transport measurement electronic transport properties electronic transport property electronic transports electronic transport electronic wave functions electronic wave function electronic waves electronic wave electronics electronic electronics applications electronic application electronics circuits electronic circuit electronics devices electronic device electronics materials electronic material electron-impurity electron impurity electron-impurity scattering electron impurity scattering electron-injection barrier electron injection barrier electron-ion interactions electron ion interaction electron-lattice coupling electron lattice coupling electron-phonon electron phonon electron-phonon coupling electron phonon coupling electron-phonon coupling constant electron phonon coupling constant electron-phonon coupling strengths electron phonon coupling strength electron-phonon couplings electron phonon coupling electron-phonon interaction electron phonon interaction electron-phonon interaction effect electron phonon interaction effect electron-phonon interactions electron phonon interaction electron-phonon relaxation time electron phonon relaxation time electron-phonon scattering electron phonon scattering electron-photon coupling electron photon coupling electron-photon interaction electron photon interaction electron-photon interactions electron photon interaction electron-rich electron rich electrons electron electrons and holes electron and hole electrons and phonons electron and phonon electron-spin relaxation electron spin relaxation electron-transfer electron transfer electron-transfer chemistry electron transfer chemistry electron-transfer efficiency electron transfer efficiency electron-transfer rate constants electron transfer rate constant electron-transfer reactions electron transfer reaction electron-transfer resistance electron transfer resistance electron-transfer sites electron transfer site electron-vibration coupling electron vibration coupling electron-withdrawing ability electron withdrawing ability electron-withdrawing substituents electron withdrawing substituent electro-optic characteristic electro optic characteristic electrooptic devices electrooptic device electro-optic devices electro optic device electrooptic effects electrooptic effect electro-optic modulation electro optic modulation electro-optic modulator electro optic modulator electro-optic modulators electro optic modulator electro-optic properties electro optic property electro-optic response electro optic response electro-optic switching electro optic switching electro-optical applications electro optical application electrooptical devices electrooptical device electrooptical effects electrooptical effect electro-optical modulation electro optical modulation electrooptical modulators electrooptical modulator electro-optical modulators electro optical modulator electro-optical performance electro optical performance electrooptical properties electrooptical property electro-optical properties electro optical property electro-optical switching electro optical switching electro-optics electro optic electroosmosis electroosmosis electroosmotic mobilities electroosmotic mobility electro-oxidation electro oxidation electro-oxidation process electro oxidation process electro-oxidation reaction electro oxidation reaction electrophilic addition reactions electrophilic addition reaction electrophilic additions electrophilic addition electrophoresis electrophoresis electrophoretic coatings electrophoretic coating electrophoretic deposition methods electrophoretic deposition method electrophoretic deposition process electrophoretic deposition process electrophoretic deposition techniques electrophoretic deposition technique electrophoretic depositions electrophoretic deposition electrophoretic methods electrophoretic method electrophysiological recordings electrophysiological recordings electroplating process electroplating process electropolymerisation electropolymerization electro-polymerization electro polymerization electro-reduced graphene oxide electro reduced graphene oxide electro-reduction electro reduction electroreduction of oxygens electroreduction of oxygens electro-rheological electro rheological electrorheological activities electrorheological activity electrorheological fluids electrorheological fluid electrorheological properties electrorheological property electrorheological suspensions electrorheological suspension electrospinning process electrospinning process electrospinning techniques electrospinning technique electrospraying electrospray electrosprays electrospray electrosprays electrospray electrospun electrospuns electrospun carbon nanofibers electrospun carbon nanofiber electrospun fibers electrospun fiber electrospun membranes electrospun membrane electrospun nanofibers electrospun nanofiber electrospun polymer nanofibers electrospun polymer nanofiber electrospun polymers electrospun polymer electrospuns electrospuns electrostatic electrostatics electrostatic actuators electrostatic actuator electrostatic attractions electrostatic attraction electrostatic barriers electrostatic barrier electrostatic charges electrostatic charge electrostatic coatings electrostatic coating electrostatic contributions electrostatic contribution electrostatic devices electrostatic device electrostatic discharge (esd) electrostatic discharge electrostatic environments electrostatic environment electrostatic force microscopes electrostatic force microscopy electrostatic force microscopies electrostatic force microscopy electrostatic force microscopy (efm) electrostatic force microscopy electrostatic gates electrostatic gate electrostatic generators electrostatic generator electrostatic hazards electrostatic hazards electrostatic interactions electrostatic interaction electrostatic modeling electrostatic model electrostatic models electrostatic model electrostatic potential maps electrostatic potential maps electrostatic potentials electrostatic potential electrostatic properties electrostatic property electrostatic repulsion forces electrostatic repulsion force electrostatic repulsive forces electrostatic repulsive force electrostatic self-assembly electrostatic self assembly electrostatic self-assembly methods electrostatic self assembly method electrostatic separators electrostatic separators electrostatic simulations electrostatic simulation electrostatic spray deposition techniques electrostatic spray deposition technique electrostatic surfaces electrostatic surface electrostatics electrostatics electrosynthesis electrosynthesis electrotherapeutics electrotherapeutics electro-thermal actuators electro thermal actuator electrowetting on dielectrics electrowetting on dielectric element analysis element analysis elemental analysis elemental analysis elemental analyzers elemental analyzers elemental compositions elemental composition elemental concentrations elemental concentration elemental mapping analysis elemental mapping analysis elementary analysis elementary analysis elementary building blocks elementary building block elementary cells elementary cells elementary excitations elementary excitation elementary functions elementary function elementary particles elementary particle elementary process elementary process elementary steps elementary step elevated concentrations elevated concentration elevated temperatures elevated temperature eley-rideal mechanism eley rideal mechanism eliashberg equations eliashberg equation ellipsoidal particles ellipsoidal particle ellipsometers ellipsometers ellipsometric parameters ellipsometric parameter ellipsometry measurements ellipsometry measurement elliptical cross-section elliptical cross section elongation process elongation process elongation-at-break elongation at break elsevier (co) elucidate effects elucidate effect embedded structures embedded structure embedded systems embedded system embedded-atom method embedded atom method embryonic stem cells embryonic stem cell emerging applications emerging application emerging contaminants emerging contaminant emerging contaminants emerging contaminant emerging materials emerging material emerging technologies emerging technology emerging trends emerging trends emi shielding effectiveness emi shielding effectiveness emi shielding properties emi shielding property emission bands emission band emission characteristics emission characteristic emission efficiencies emission efficiency emission energies emission energy emission features emission feature emission images emission image emission materials emission material emission peaks emission peak emission process emission process emission properties emission property emission spectrums emission spectrums emissive layers emissive layer emissive properties emissive property emitted photons emitted photons emitter coupled logic circuits emitter coupled logic circuit emitter materials emitter material emitter surfaces emitter surface empirical calculations empirical calculation empirical equations empirical equation empirical force fields empirical force field empirical formulas empirical formula empirical parameters empirical parameter empirical potentials empirical potential empirical pseudo-potential empirical pseudo potential empirical relations empirical relation empirical studies empirical study emulsification process emulsification process emulsions emulsion enabling technologies enabling technology enamels enamels enantiomer enantiomers enantiomeric excess enantiomeric excess enantiomers enantiomers enantioseparations enantioseparation encapsulants encapsulants encapsulated nanoparticles encapsulated nanoparticle encapsulation process encapsulation process enclosures enclosure end effectors end effectors end groups end group endocrine disrupters endocrine disruptor endocrine disrupters endocrine disruptor endocrine disrupting chemicals endocrine disrupting chemical endocrine disruptors endocrine disruptor endocrine disruptors endocrine disruptor endocytosis endocytosis endohedral complexes endohedral complex endonuclease activities endonuclease activity endonucleases endonuclease endoperoxides endoperoxide endosomes endosome endothelial cells endothelial cells endothermic peaks endothermic peak endothermic process endothermic process endothermic reactions endothermic reaction endothermic transitions endothermic transition end-stage renal disease patients end stage renal disease patient end-to-end distances end to end distance energetic analysis energetic analysis energetic and electronic properties energetic and electronic property energetic materials energetic material energetic neutral atoms energetic neutral atom energetic particles energetic particle energetics energetic energy acceptors energy acceptors energy and entropies energy and entropy energy applications energy application energy balance equations energy balance equation energy band gaps energy band gap energy band models energy band model energy bandgaps energy bandgap energy bands energy band energy barriers energy barrier energy characteristics energy characteristic energy components energy component energy configurations energy configuration energy conversion and storages energy conversion and storage energy conversion devices energy conversion device energy conversion systems energy conversion system energy conversion technologies energy conversion technology energy costs energy cost energy costs energy cost energy couplings energy coupling energy crisis energy crisis energy decomposition analysis energy decomposition analysis energy densities energy density energy dependent process energy dependent process energy depositions energy deposition energy devices energy device energy differences energy difference energy dispersion relations energy dispersion relation energy dispersions energy dispersion energy dispersive analysis energy dispersive analysis energy dispersive analysis of x-rays energy dispersive analysis of x ray energy dispersive spectrometers energy dispersive spectrometers energy dispersive spectroscopies (eds) energy dispersive spectroscopy energy dispersive spectroscopies (eds) energy dispersive spectroscopies energy dispersive spectrum (eds) energy dispersive spectrum energy dispersive x ray analysis energy dispersive x ray analysis energy dispersive x ray analysis (edx) energy dispersive x ray analysis energy dispersive x-ray energy dispersive x ray energy dispersive xray analyses (edax) energy dispersive x ray analysis energy dispersive x-ray analysis (edx) energy dispersive x ray analysis energy dispersive x-ray diffractions energy dispersive x ray diffraction energy dispersive x-ray spectrometers energy dispersive x ray spectrometry energy dispersive x-ray spectrometries (eds) energy dispersive x ray spectrometry energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry energy dispersive x ray spectrometry energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy energy dissipators energy dissipators energy distributions energy distribution energy donors energy donor energy evolutions energy evolution energy exchanges energy exchange energy fields energy field energy functionals energy functionals energy gains energy gain energy gains energy gain energy gap modulations energy gap modulation energy gaps energy gap energy generations energy generation energy harvester energy harvesting energy harvesting systems energy harvesting system energy inputs energy inputs energy interactions energy interaction energy level spacings energy level spacings energy level structures energy level structure energy levels energy level energy limitations energy limitation energy loss energy loss energy loss distributions energy loss distribution energy materials energy material energy modes energy mode energy orderings energy ordering energy parameters energy parameter energy productions energy production energy ranges energy range energy regions energy region energy relationships energy relationhips energy relaxation process energy relaxation process energy relaxations energy relaxation energy requirements energy requirement energy resolutions energy resolution energy resources energy resource energy separations energy separation energy solutions energy solution energy spacings energy spacings energy splittings energy splitting energy splittings energy split energy spreads energy spreads energy storage and conversions energy storage and conversion energy storage applications energy storage application energy storage devices energy storage device energy storage materials energy storage material energy storage properties energy storage property energy storage systems energy storage system energy storage technologies energy storage technology energy storage/conversion devices energy storage/conversion device energy structures energy structure energy supplies energy supply energy systems energy system energy technologies energy technology energy transfer mechanisms energy transfer mechanism energy transfer process energy transfer process energy transitions energy transition energy variations energy variation energy windows energy windows energy x-rays energy x ray energy-absorbing materials energy absorbing material energy-band alignment energy band alignment energy-band bending energy band bending energy-band diagram energy band diagram energy-delay product energy delay product energy-dependent process energy dependent process energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometries energy dispersive x ray fluorescence spectrometry energy-driven energy driven energy-generating resources energy generating resources energy-harvesting energy harvesting energy-level statistics energy level statistic energy-loss rate energy loss rate energy-loss spectroscopy energy loss spectroscopy energy-loss spectrum energy loss spectrum energy-momentum relation energy momentum relation energy-per-bit energy per bit energy-storage energy storage energy-storage materials energy storage material energy-storage systems energy storage system energy-transfer rate energy transfer rate engineered defects engineered defect engineered materials engineered material engineered nanomaterials engineered nanomaterial engineered nanoparticles engineered nanoparticle engineered structures engineered structure engineering applications engineering application engineering exhibitions engineering exhibition engineering fields engineering field engineering materials engineering material engineering properties engineering property engineers engineers engines engine england enhanced adhesions enhanced adhesion enhanced adsorptions enhanced adsorption enhanced differentiations enhanced differentiation enhanced immobilizations enhanced immobilization enhanced light absorptions enhanced light absorption enhanced local fields enhanced local field enhanced methanol electro oxidations enhanced methanol electro oxidation enhanced properties enhanced property enhanced resolutions enhanced resolution enhanced transports enhanced transport enhancement effects enhancement effect enhancement ratios enhancement ratio enhancement-mode enhancement mode enrichment factors enrichment factor enrichment of phosphopeptides enrichment of phosphopeptide enrichment techniques enrichment technique en-route en route entangled networks entangled network enterococcus faecalis enterococcus faecalis entropic contributions entropic contribution envelope functions envelope function environment and energies environment and energy environment conditions environment condition environment effects environment effect environmental analysis environmental analysis environmental applications environmental application environmental areas environmental area environmental cells environmental cells environmental chambers environmental chambers environmental concerns environmental concerns environmental conditions environmental condition environmental effects environmental effect environmental factors environmental factor environmental fields environmental field environmental friendliness environmental friendline environmental friendly methods environmental friendly method environmental hazards environmental hazards environmental humidities environmental humidity environmental implications environmental implication environmental influences environmental influence environmental issue environmental issues environmental issues environmental issues environmental needs environmental needs environmental parameters environmental parameter environmental pollutants environmental pollutant environmental pollutions environmental pollution environmental pressures environmental pressure environmental problems environmental problem environmental purifications environmental purification environmental regulations environmental regulation environmental risks environmental risk environmental robustness environmental robustness environmental samples environmental sample environmental scanning electron microscopes environmental scanning electron microscopy environmental scanning electron microscopies (esem) environmental scanning electron microscopy environmental sensitivities environmental sensitivity environmental systems environmental system environmental transmission electron microscopes environmental transmission electron microscopy environmental water samples environmental water sample environmental-friendly environmental friendly environmentally benign process environmentally benign process environmentally benign synthesis environmentally benign synthesis environmentally friendly process environmentally friendly process environmentally friendly solvents environmentally friendly solvent environmentally friendly synthesis environmentally friendly synthesis environmentally-friendly environmentally friendly environment-friendly environment friendly environment-sensitive environment sensitive enzymatic activities enzymatic activity enzymatic amplifications enzymatic amplification enzymatic biosensors enzymatic biosensor enzymatic catalysis enzymatic catalysis enzymatic conversions enzymatic conversion enzymatic digestions enzymatic digestion enzymatic fuel cells enzymatic fuel cells enzymatic hydrolysis enzymatic hydrolysis enzymatic immobilizations enzymatic immobilization enzymatic oxidations enzymatic oxidation enzyme analysis enzyme analysis enzyme assays enzyme assay enzyme biosensors enzyme biosensor enzyme carriers enzyme carriers enzyme electrodes enzyme electrode enzyme inhibitor enzyme inhibitors enzyme inhibitors enzyme inhibitors enzyme kinetics enzyme kinetic enzyme mimetics enzyme mimetic enzyme mimetics enzyme mimetic enzyme mimics enzyme mimics enzyme models enzyme model enzyme modified electrodes enzyme modified electrode enzyme molecules enzyme molecule enzyme sensors enzyme sensor enzyme synthesis enzyme synthesis enzyme-based biosensors enzyme based biosensor enzyme-free enzyme free enzymeless enzymeless enzymeless sensors enzymeless sensor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay enzyme linked immunosorbent assay enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method enzymes enzyme epidermal growth factor receptors epidermal growth factor receptor epigenetics epigenetics epilayers epilayer epitaxial bilayers epitaxial bilayer epitaxial films epitaxial film epitaxial layers epitaxial layer epitaxial multilayers epitaxial multilayer epitaxial relations epitaxial relation epitaxial relationships epitaxial relationhips epitaxial systems epitaxial system epitaxial techniques epitaxial technique epitaxially grown multilayers epitaxially grown multilayer epithelial cell adhesion molecules epithelial cell adhesion molecule epithelial cells epithelial cells epithelial-mesenchymal transition epithelial mesenchymal transition epithelium cell epithelial cells epoxidation of alkenes epoxidation of alkene epoxide formations epoxide formation epoxide groups epoxide group epoxide openings epoxide opening epoxide ring-opening reaction epoxide ring opening reaction epoxides epoxide epoxy adhesives epoxy adhesive epoxy composites epoxy composite epoxy compounds epoxy compound epoxy functional groups epoxy functional group epoxy groups epoxy group epoxy matrices epoxy matrix epoxy monomers epoxy monomer epoxy nanocomposites epoxy nanocomposite epoxy polymers epoxy polymer epoxy powders epoxy powder epoxy resin composites epoxy resin composite epoxy resin nanocomposites epoxy resin nanocomposite epoxy resins epoxy resin epoxy structures epoxy structure epoxy systems epoxy system epoxy-based nanocomposites epoxy based nanocomposite epoxy-matrix composite epoxy matrix composite epsilon-near zeros epsilon near zero equilateral triangles equilateral triangle equilibrium adsorption isotherms equilibrium adsorption isotherm equilibrium conditions equilibrium condition equilibrium constants equilibrium constant equilibrium distances equilibrium distance equilibrium geometries equilibrium geometry equilibrium interlayers equilibrium interlayer equilibrium isotherms equilibrium isotherm equilibrium molecular dynamics equilibrium molecular dynamic equilibrium positions equilibrium position equilibrium potentials equilibrium potential equilibrium structures equilibrium structure equipment failure analysis equipment failure analysis equivalent beams equivalent beam equivalent circuit method (ecm) equivalent circuit method equivalent circuit models equivalent circuit model equivalent circuits equivalent circuit equivalent concentrations equivalent concentration equivalent oxide thickness equivalent oxide thickness equivalent single conductor (esc) model equivalent single conductor model equivalent single layers equivalent single layer equivalent singleconductor models (esc) equivalent single conductor model equivalent young's modulus equivalent young's modulus er ,yb fiber lasers er ,yb fiber laser er:yag lasers er:yag laser er3+-doped fiber er3+ doped fiber erbium doped fiber ring lasers erbium doped fiber ring laser erbium doped fibers erbium doped fiber erbium doped fibre laser erbium doped fiber laser erbium fiber lasers erbium fiber laser erbium-doped fiber erbium doped fiber erbium-doped fiber laser erbium doped fiber laser erbium-doped fibre lasers erbium doped fiber laser erbium-doped optical fiber erbium doped optical fiber er-doped fiber laser er doped fiber laser er-doped fibers er doped fiber error analysis error analysis errors errors erythrocytes erythrocyte escherichia coli (e. coli) escherichia coli escherichia coli cells escherichia coli cells escherichia coli infections escherichia coli infection essential elements essential element essential oils essential oils ester groups ester group ester linkages ester linkage esterases esterase esterification reactions esterification reaction esters esters estrogen estrogens estrogens estrogens etch pits etch pits etch rates etch rate etched holes etched hole etching masks etching masks etching of metals etching of metal etching process etching process etching solutions etching solution ethanol aqueous solutions ethanol aqueous solution ethanol concentrations ethanol concentration ethanol detections ethanol detection ethanol electrooxidation ethanol electro oxidation ethanol electro-oxidation ethanol electro oxidation ethanol electrooxidation reactions ethanol electrooxidation reaction ethanol fuels ethanol fuel ethanol monolayers ethanol monolayer ethanol sensors ethanol sensor ethanol solutions ethanol solution ethanol water mixtures ethanol water mixture ethanol/water mixture ethanol water mixture ethanol/water mixtures ethanol water mixture ethanolamines ethanolamine ethanol-water ethanol water ethanol-water solvents ethanol water solvent etherification reactions etherification reaction ethers ethers ethyl acetates ethyl acetate ethyl methacrylates ethyl methacrylate ethylamines ethylamine ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid ethylene exposures ethylene exposure ethylene glycol solutions ethylene glycol solution ethylene molecules ethylene molecule ethylene oxides ethylene oxide ethylene vinyl acetates ethylene vinyl acetate ethylene-co-vinyl acetates ethylene co vinyl acetate ethylenediamine (en) ethylenediamineeurope ethylenediamines ethylenediamine ethylenedioxythiophenes ethylenedioxythiophene ethylene-glycol medium ethylene glycol medium ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers ethylene propylene diene rubber ethylenes ethylene ethylene-vinyl acetate ethylene vinyl acetate ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer euclidean spaces euclidean space europe european commission european union europium compounds europium compound europium ions europium ion europium nitrates europium nitrate eutectic points eutectic point eutectics eutectics evanescent fields evanescent field evanescent waves evanescent wave evanescent-field coupling evanescent field coupling evaporated films evaporated film evaporation process evaporation process evaporation-induced self-assembly evaporation induced self assembly evaporators evaporators even layers even layer evolution (co) evolution evolution of hydrogens evolution of hydrogen evolution of structures evolution of structure evolution process evolution process evolution reactions evolution reaction evolutionary algorithms evolutionary algorithm evolutionary optimizations evolutionary optimization evolved gas analysis evolved gas analysis exact analysis exact analysis exact analytical solution exact analytic solution exact analytic solutions exact analytic solution exact analytical solutions exact analytic solution exact results exact result exafs exafs excellent corrosion resistances excellent corrosion resistance excellent photocatalytic activities excellent photocatalytic activity excess electrons excess electron exchange and correlation effects exchange and correlation effect exchange bias exchange bias exchange correlations exchange correlation exchange current densities exchange current density exchange effects exchange effect exchange energies exchange energy exchange fields exchange field exchange integrals exchange integrals exchange interactions exchange interaction exchange models exchange model exchange-correlation functionals exchange correlation functional exchange-correlation functions exchange correlation function exchange-correlation potential exchange correlation potential exchange-correlations exchange correlation excimer lasers excimer laser excimers excimers excitation channels excitation channel excitation conditions excitation condition excitation gaps excitation gap excitation lasers excitation laser excitation mechanisms excitation mechanism excitation process excitation process excitation sources excitation source excited atoms excited atom excited carriers excited carriers excited electrons excited electron excited state lifetimes excited state lifetime excited states excited state excited-state dynamics excited state dynamic excited-state properties excited state property excited-state spectra excited state spectra exciton excitons exciton polaritons exciton polaritons exciton resonances exciton resonance exciton states exciton state exciton-binding energy exciton binding energy exciton-exciton scattering exciton exciton scattering excitonic polaritons excitonic polaritons excitonic properties excitonic property excitonic solar cells excitonic solar cells exciton-photon coupling exciton photon coupling excitons excitons excluded volume effects excluded volume effect exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets exfoliated graphene nanosheets exfoliated graphene nanosheet exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets exfoliated layers exfoliated layer exfoliated nanocomposites exfoliated nanocomposite exfoliation process exfoliation process exfoliation processes exfoliation process exfoliation routes exfoliation route exhaust gas exhaust gas exhaust gases exhaust gas exhibitions exhibition existing energies existing energy existing problems existing problem exocytosis exocytosis exodeoxyribonucleases exodeoxyribonuclease exonucleases exonuclease exothermic peaks exothermic peak exothermic process exothermic process exotic materials exotic material exotic properties exotic property expanded graphites expanded graphite expansion coefficients expansion coefficient expansion methods expansion method expansion process expansion process expansion volumes expansion volume expectation values expectation value expected effects expected effect expected values expected value experiment and analysis experiment and analysis experimental analysis experimental analysis experimental approaches experimental approach experimental aspects experimental aspects experimental conditions experimental condition experimental demonstrations experimental demonstration experimental devices experimental device experimental difficulties experimental difficulty experimental errors experimental errors experimental evidences experimental evidence experimental factors experimental factor experimental groups experimental group experimental investigations experimental investigation experimental measurements experimental measurement experimental mechanics experimental mechanics experimental methods experimental method experimental observations experimental observation experimental parameters experimental parameter experimental probes experimental probe experimental realizations experimental realization experimental studies experimental study experimental techniques experimental technique experimental validations experimental validation experimental values experimental value experiments experiment explicit expressions explicit expression explicit finite element codes explicit finite element code explicit models explicit model explicit solutions explicit solution exploration of alternatives exploration of alternative explosions explosion explosive agents explosive agent explosives explosive exponential decay functions exponential decay function exponential decays exponential decay exponential distributions exponential distribution exponential functions exponential function exponential matrices exponential matrix exposure conditions exposure condition exposure-time exposure time ex-situ atomic force microscopy ex situ atomic force microscopy extended structures extended structure extended systems extended system extended tight bindings extended tight bindings extended xray absorption fine structure (exafs) spectroscopies extended xray absorption fine structure spectroscopy extended xray absorption fine structure (exafs) spectroscopy extended xray absorption fine structure spectroscopy extended x-ray absorption fine structures extended x ray absorption fine structure extensive simulations extensive simulation exterior surfaces exterior surface external- external external circuits external circuit external conditions external condition external currents external current external electric fields external electric field external energy sources external energy source external environments external environment external factors external factor external fields external field external loads external load external magnetic fields external magnetic field external perturbations external perturbation external power supplies external power supply external pressures external pressure external stimulus external stimulus external strains external strains external surfaces external surface external voltage bias external voltage bias external voltages external voltage extinction coefficients extinction coefficient extinction modulators extinction modulator extinction ratios extinction ratio extracellular environments extracellular environment extracellular matrices extracellular matrix extracellular polymeric substances extracellular polymeric substance extra-cellular polymeric substances extra cellular polymeric substance extraction conditions extraction condition extraction efficiencies extraction efficiency extraction mechanisms extraction mechanism extraction process extraction process extraction properties extraction property extraction techniques extraction technique extraction temperatures extraction temperature extreme conditions extreme condition extreme strains extreme strains extreme temperatures extreme temperature extreme ultraviolets extreme ultraviolets extrinsic defects extrinsic defect extrinsic factors extrinsic factor eye diagrams eye diagram eye drops eye drops eye-safe eye safe f actin actin f doping doping f layer layer f region region f4-tcnq f4 tcnq faas faas fabric fabrics fabric composites fabric composite fabric electrodes fabric electrode fabricated arrays fabricated array fabricated sensors fabricated sensor fabricated structures fabricated structure fabricating process fabricating process fabrication and characterizations fabrication and characterization fabrication methods fabrication method fabrication of thin films fabrication of thin film fabrication parameters fabrication parameter fabrication process fabrication process fabrication routes fabrication route fabrication strategies fabrication strategy fabrication technologies fabrication technology fabrics fabrics fabry-p?rot fabry p?rot fabry-perot fabry perot fabry-perot cavity fabry perot cavity fabry-perot interference fabry perot interference fabry-perot interferometers fabry perot interferometer fabry-perot oscillations fabry perot oscillation fabry-perot resonances fabry perot resonance fabry-perot resonators fabry perot resonator face-centered cubic face centered cubic face-centered cubic structure face centered cubic structure face-to-face interaction face to face interaction facile modifications facile modification facile synthesis facile synthesis factor analysis factor analysis factor of merits factor of merits factorial analysis factorial analysis failure analysis failure analysis failure behaviors failure behavior failure process failure process fano effects fano effect fano factors fano factor fano resonances fano resonance fano-type resonance fano type resonance far field radiation patterns far field radiation pattern faradaic capacitances faradaic capacitance faradaic efficiencies faradaic efficiency faradaic pseudo-capacitance faradaic pseudo capacitance faradaic reactions faradaic reaction faraday rotations faraday rotation faraday rotators faraday rotators far-field far field far-infrared far infrared far-infrared frequencies far infrared frequency far-infrared radiation far infrared radiation far-infrared regions far infrared region fast charges fast charge fast detections fast detection fast electronics fast electronic fast electrons fast electron fast fourier transforms fast fourier transform fast ions fast ion fast kinetics fast kinetic fast methods fast method fast process fast process fast reaction kinetics fast reaction kinetic fast transients fast transients fast transport channels fast transport channel faster rates faster rate fatigue characteristics fatigue characteristic fatigue of materials fatigue of material fatigue properties fatigue property fatigue-resistant properties fatigue resistant property fatty acids fatty acid favorable conditions favorable condition favorable interactions favorable interaction fcc structures fcc structure f-doping fdoping fdtd methods fdtd method fdtd simulations fdtd simulation fdtd techniques fdtd technique fe 3o 4 fe 3 o4 fe 3o 4 nanoparticle fe 3 o4 nanoparticle fe 3o 4/graphene composite fe 3 o4 graphene composite fe 3o 4 nanoparticles fe 3o 4 nanoparticle fe atoms fe atom fe catalysts fe catalyst fe chains fe chain fe clusters fe cluster fe films fe film fe nanoparticles fe nanoparticle fe properties fe property fe3o4 nanoparticles fe 3o 4 nanoparticle fe3o4/graphene composites fe 3o 4 graphene composite fe3o4 nanoparticle fe 3o 4 nanoparticle fe3o4 nanoparticles fe 3o 4 nanoparticle fe2o 3 fe 2o 3 fe2o 3 nanoparticle fe 2o 3 nanoparticle fe2o3 nanoparticles fe 2o 3 nanoparticle fe3o 4 fe 3o 4 fe3o 4 au fe 3o 4 au fe3o 4 nanoparticle fe 3o 4 nanoparticle fe3o 4 nanorod fe 3o 4 nanorod fe3o4 nanoparticles fe3o4 nanoparticle fe3o4 nanorods fe3o4 nanorod fe3o4-au fe3o4 au feasibility studies feasibility study feature sizes feature size fe-based fe based feces analysis feces analysis fe-doped fe doped fe-doped tio fe doped tio feed compositions feed composition feed gas feed gas feed ratios feed ratio feed-back loop feed back loop feed-back sensors feed back sensor feed-rates feed rate feedstocks feedstocks felts felt fem simulations fem simulation femit-dirac distribution femit dirac distribution fe-mo/mgo catalyst fe mo/mgo catalyst femtosecond femtoseconds femtosecond (fs) laser femtosecond laser femtosecond fiber lasers femtosecond fiber laser femto-second laser femto second laser femtosecond pulsed laser femtosecond pulse laser femtosecond pulses femtosecond pulse femtosecond pump probes femtosecond pump probe femtosecond pumps femtosecond pumps femtosecond regimes femtosecond regime femtosecond time-resolved femtosecond time resolved femtosecond transient absorption measurements femtosecond transient absorption measurement femtoseconds femtoseconds fences fence fe-n-doped graphene fe n doped graphene feni alloys feni alloy fenton reactions fenton reaction fenton-like reaction fenton like reaction fenton-like reactions fenton like reaction fepo4 fepo4 fe-pt nanoparticle fe pt nanoparticle fermi distribution functions fermi distribution function fermi energies fermi energy fermi functions fermi function fermi gas fermi gas fermi liquids fermi liquid fermi velocities fermi velocity fermi-dirac distribution fermi dirac distribution fermi-dirac integral fermi dirac integral fermi-level shifts fermi level shift fermions fermion ferric compounds ferric compound ferric ions ferric ion ferricyanides ferricyanide ferrimagnetic materials ferrimagnetic material ferrite materials ferrite material ferrite nanoparticles ferrite nanoparticle ferrites ferrite ferritins ferritin ferrocenedicarboxylic acids ferrocenedicarboxylic acid ferrocenes ferrocene ferrocyanides ferrocyanide ferroelectric ceramics ferroelectric ceramics ferroelectric devices ferroelectric device ferroelectric dipoles ferroelectric dipole ferroelectric domains ferroelectric domains ferroelectric field effect transistors ferroelectric field effect transistor ferroelectric films ferroelectric film ferroelectric hysteresis ferroelectric hysteresis ferroelectric materials ferroelectric material ferroelectric polymers ferroelectric polymer ferroelectric surfaces ferroelectric surface ferroelectric thin films ferroelectric thin film ferroelectrics ferroelectrics ferroferric oxides ferroferric oxide ferromagnet ferromagnets ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic ferromagnetic and anti ferromagnetic ferromagnetic behaviors ferromagnetic behavior ferromagnetic behaviour ferromagnetic behavior ferromagnetic bilayers ferromagnetic bilayer ferromagnetic clusters ferromagnetic cluster ferromagnetic contacts ferromagnetic contact ferromagnetic correlations ferromagnetic correlation ferromagnetic electrodes ferromagnetic electrode ferromagnetic exchange couplings ferromagnetic exchange coupling ferromagnetic films ferromagnetic film ferromagnetic ground states ferromagnetic ground state ferro-magnetic interactions ferro magnetic interaction ferromagnetic junctions ferromagnetic junction ferromagnetic layers ferromagnetic layer ferromagnetic leads ferromagnetic leads ferromagnetic materials ferromagnetic material ferromagnetic nanoparticles ferromagnetic nanoparticle ferromagnetic orderings ferromagnetic ordering ferromagnetic orders ferromagnetic order ferromagnetic phasis ferromagnetic phasis ferromagnetic properties ferromagnetic property ferromagnetic regions ferromagnetic region ferromagnetic resonance (fmr) ferromagnetic resonance ferromagnetic resonance measurements ferromagnetic resonance measurement ferromagnetic semiconductors ferromagnetic semiconductor ferromagnetic strips ferromagnetic strips ferromagnetic superconductors ferromagnetic superconductors ferromagnetic thin films ferromagnetic thin film ferromagnetic transitions ferromagnetic transition ferromagnetics ferromagnetic ferromagnetics ferromagnetic ferromagnets ferromagnets ferrous compounds ferrous compound ferulic acids ferulic acid fe-sem fe sem fet amplifiers fet amplifier fet devices fet device fets fet fetus fetus few layer grapheme few layer graphene few-cycle few cycle few-cycle pulse few cycle pulse few-layer few layer few-layer grapheme few layer graphene few-layer graphene few layer graphene few-layer molybdenum disulfide few layer molybdenum disulfide few-layered graphene few layered graphene few-walled carbon nanotubes few walled carbon nanotube fiber amplifiers fiber amplifier fiber axes fiber axis fiber axis fiber axis fiber bragg grating fiber bragggrating fiber bragg gratings fiber bragggrating fiber communications fiber communication fiber cores fiber core fiber devices fiber device fiber diameters fiber diameter fiber lasers fiber laser fiber optic components fiber optic component fiber optic networks fiber optic network fiber optic sensors fiber optic sensor fiber optics fiber optic fiber reinforced composites fiber reinforced composite fiber reinforced materials fiber reinforced material fiber reinforced plastics fiber reinforced plastics fiber reinforced polymer composites fiber reinforced polymer composite fiber structures fiber structure fiber-matrix interfaces fiber matrix interface fiber-optic sensors fiber optic sensor fiber-optic systems fiber optic system fiber-reinforced composite fiber reinforced composite fiber-reinforced polymeric composites fiber reinforced polymeric composite fiber-ring lasers fiber ring laser fibers fiber fibonacci sequences fibonacci sequence fibre reinforced composites fibre reinforced composite fibre-reinforced polymer composites fibre reinforced polymer composite fibrillar networks fibrillar network fibrillar structures fibrillar structure fibroblast cells fibroblast cells fibroblasts fibroblast fibroins fibroin fibrous membranes fibrous membrane fibrous networks fibrous network fibrous structures fibrous structure field analysis field analysis field concentrations field concentration field directions field direction field effect semiconductor devices field effect semiconductor device field effect sensors field effect sensor field effect transistor (fet) field effect transistor field effect transistor (fets) field effect transistor field effect transistor biosensors field effect transistor biosensor field effect transistor sensors field effect transistor sensor field effect transistor structures field effect transistor structure field effect transistors field effect transistor field effect transistors (fet) field effect transistor field effect transistors (fets) field effect transistor field effects field effect field effects transistors field effect transistor field electron emission properties field electron emission property field electron emissions field electron emission field electron emitters field electron emitters field emission cathodes field emission cathode field emission currents field emission current field emission devices field emission device field emission displays field emission displays field emission electron sources field emission electron source field emission measurements field emission measurement field emission microscopes field emission microscopy field emission properties field emission property field emission scanning electron microscopes field emission scanning electron microscopy field emission scanning electronic microscopy field emission scanning electron microscopy field emission sources field emission source field emission tests field emission test field emitters field emitter field enhancement factors field enhancement factor field independents field independents field interactions field interaction field of views field of views field programmable gate arrays (fpga) field programmable gate arrays field strengths field strength field-dependent magnetization field dependent magnetization field-effect field effect field-effect conductance field effect conductance field-effect devices field effect device field-effect mobilities field effect mobility field-effect mobility field effect mobility field-effect structure field effect structure field-effect transistor field effect transistor field-effect transistor (fet) field effect transistor field-effect transistor biosensor field effect transistor biosensor field-effect transistors field effect transistor field-effect transistors (fets) field effect transistor field-effective mobilities field effective mobility field-emission field emission field-emission behavior field emission behavior field-emission characteristics field emission characteristic field-emission current density field emission current density field-emission devices field emission device field-emission electrons field emission electron field-emission properties field emission property field-emission transmission electron microscopies field emission transmission electron microscopy field-induced field induced field-induced carriers field induced carrier field-induced shg field induced field-induced superconductivity field induced superconductivity figure of merit (fom) figure of merit figure of merits figure of merit figures of merits figure of merit filled composites filled composite filled polymer composites filled polymer composite filled polymers filled polymer filled thermoplastics filled thermoplastics filler fillers filler contents filler contents filler materials filler material filler particles filler particle filler surfaces filler surface filler-filler interactions filler filler interaction filler-matrix filler matrix filler-matrix interaction filler matrix interaction fillers fillers filling factors filling factor filling fractions filling fraction film composites film composite film densities film density film electrodes film electrode film formations film formation film interfaces film interface film materials film material film microstructures film microstructure film planes film plane film properties film property film sheets film sheet film structures film structure film substrates film substrate film surfaces film surface film thickness film thickness film-forming film forming film-forming abilities film forming ability film-forming properties film forming property films film films and coatings film and coating filter banks filter banks filter papers filter papers filter-based filter based filtering applications filtering application filtering effects filtering effect filters filter filtration and separations filtration and separation filtration experiments filtration experiment filtration membranes filtration membrane filtration methods filtration method filtration process filtration process filtration rates filtration rate filtration tests filtration test final temperatures final temperature final-state effects final state effect fine dispersions fine dispersion fine particles fine particle fine powders fine powder fine structure constants fine structure constant fine structures fine structure finfet finfets finfets finfets finite difference time domains (fdtd) finite difference time domains finite bias finite bias finite deformations finite deformation finite densities finite density finite difference time domain (fdtd) finite difference time domain finite difference time domain (fdtd) method finite difference time domain method finite difference time domain simulations finite difference time domain simulation finite difference time domains finite difference time domain finite difference time domains finite difference time domain finite -difference time domains (fdtd) finite difference time domain finite differences finite difference finite dimensions finite dimension finite element analysis finite element analysis finite element analysis (fea) finite element analysis finite element codes finite element code finite element formulations finite element formulation finite element modelling finite element modeling finite element models finite element model finite element simulations finite element simulation finite elements finite element finite frequencies finite frequency finite integral techniques finite integral technique finite mass finite mass finite temperatures finite temperature finite thickness finite thickness finite thresholds finite threshold finite-difference beam propagation method finite difference beam propagation method finite-difference frequency-domain finite difference frequency domain finite-difference time-domain finite difference time domain finite-difference time-domain (fdtd) finite difference time domain finite-difference time-domain (fdtd) method finite difference time domain method finite-difference time-domain (fdtd) methods finite difference time domain method finite-difference time-domain algorithms finite difference time domain algorithm finite-difference time-domain modeling finite difference time domain modeling finite-difference time-domain simulation finite difference time domain simulation finite-element finite element finite-element approach finite element approach finite-element calculations finite element calculation finite-element discretization finite element discretization finite-element method (fem) finite element method finite-range disorder finite range disorder finite-size effect finite size effect finite-size effects finite size effect finite-size models finite size model fire hazards fire hazards fire resistance properties fire resistance property fires fire first discharge capacities first discharge capacity first hyperpolarizabilities first hyperpolarizability first order kinetics first order kinetic first order reactions first order reaction first order transitions first order transition first orders first order first principle calculations first principle calculation first principle density functional theory (dft) calculation first principle density functional theory calculation first principles first principle first principles calculations first principle calculation first principles density functional theory (dft) calculations first principle density functional theory calculation first principles model first principles modeling first principles models first principle model first principles molecular dynamics first principle molecular dynamic first principles studies first principle study first principles total energy calculations first principle total energy calculation first row transition metals first row transition metal first-order first order first-order kinetic models first order kinetic model first-order phase transitions first order phase transition first-order rate constants first order rate constant first-order shear deformation theory first order shear deformation theory first-principle first principle first-principle approach first principle approach first-principle calculations first principle calculation first-principle methods first principle method first-principle study first principle study first-principle theory first principle theory first-principles first principle first-principles approaches first principles approach first-principles calculation first principles calculation first-principles calculations first principles calculation first-principles computations first principles computation first-principles density functional calculations first principles density functional calculation first-principles density functional theories first principles density functional theory first-principles density functional theory first principles density functional theory first-principles dft calculations first principles dft calculation first-principles investigations first principles investigation first-principles method first principles method first-principles methods first principles method first-principles model first principles modeling first-principles modeling first principles modeling first-principles molecular dynamics first principles molecular dynamic first-principles quantum transport first principles quantum transport first-principles quantum transports first principles quantum transport first-principles simulations first principles simulation first-principles studies first principles study first-principles study first principles study first-principles theory first principles theory fischer tropsch synthesis fischer tropsch synthesis fischer-tropsch fischer tropsch fischer-tropsch synthesis fischer tropsch synthesis fishes fish fission products fission product fits and tolerances fits and tolerance fitting parameters fitting parameter fitting results fitting result five membered rings five membered ring five-membered rings five membered ring fixed bed micro-reactor fixed bed micro reactor fixed points fixed point fixed-bed fixed bed flake-like structures flake like structure flakes flake flame retardant flame retardants flame retardant coatings flame retardant coating flame retardant properties flame retardant property flame retardants flame retardants flame spray pyrolysis flame spray pyrolysis flame synthesis flame synthesis flame-induced reduction flame induced reduction flame-retardance flame retardance flame-retardant mechanisms flame retardant mechanism flame-retardant polypropylene flame retardant polypropylene flame-retardant properties flame retardant property flammability properties flammability property flash memories flash memory flat bands flat band flat channels flat channel flat crystals flat crystal flat panel displays flat panel displays flat sheets flat sheet flat substrates flat substrate flat surfaces flat surface flat terraces flat terrace flat-band ferromagnetism flat band ferromagnetism flat-band potentials flat band potential flat-band voltage flat band voltage flat-top flat top flavin mono nucleotides (fmn) flavin mononucleotide flavin mononucleotides flavin mononucleotide flavonoid flavonoids flavonoids flavonoids flavonols flavonols flavors flavors f-layer flayer flexible and transparent electronics flexible and transparent electronic flexible antennas flexible antenna flexible applications flexible application flexible architectures flexible architecture flexible biosensors flexible biosensor flexible composites flexible composite flexible conductive films flexible conductive film flexible conductors flexible conductors flexible device applications flexible device application flexible devices flexible device flexible displays flexible displays flexible dye-sensitized solar cells flexible dye sensitized solar cell flexible electrodes flexible electrode flexible electronic devices flexible electronic device flexible electronic systems flexible electronic system flexible electronics flexible electronic flexible films flexible film flexible heaters flexible heaters flexible manufacturing systems flexible manufacturing system flexible materials flexible material flexible mats flexible mats flexible membranes flexible membrane flexible molecules flexible molecule flexible networks flexible network flexible optoelectronic devices flexible optoelectronic device flexible optoelectronics flexible optoelectronic flexible organic electronics flexible organic electronic flexible organic light emitting diodes flexible organic light emitting diode flexible organic solar cells flexible organic solar cells flexible packagings flexible packagings flexible photodetectors flexible photodetectors flexible photovoltaics flexible photovoltaics flexible plastic substrates flexible plastic substrate flexible plastics flexible plastics flexible polymer chains flexible polymer chain flexible polymer substrates flexible polymer substrate flexible polymeric substrates flexible polymeric substrate flexible polymers flexible polymer flexible polyurethanes flexible polyurethane flexible sensors flexible sensor flexible solar cell flexible solar cells flexible solar cells flexible solar cells flexible solids flexible solid flexible structures flexible structure flexible supercapacitors flexible supercapacitor flexible supports flexible supports flexible surfaces flexible surface flexible technologies flexible technology flexible thin films flexible thin film flexible transistors flexible transistor flexible transparent conductive films flexible transparent conductive film flexible transparent conductors flexible transparent conductors flexible transparent electronics flexible transparent electronic flexoelectric effects flexoelectric effect flexural modes flexural mode flexural modulus flexural modulus flexural phonons flexural phonon flexural properties flexural property flexural rigidities flexural rigidity flexural vibrations flexural vibration flight dynamics flight dynamic flip chip devices flip chip device floating gate transistors floating gate transistor floating gates floating gate flocculation mechanisms flocculation mechanism floods floods floors floors floquet-bloch theory floquet bloch theory flow batteries flow battery flow curves flow curve flow cytometry analysis flow cytometry analysis flow injection analysis flow injection analysis flow interactions flow interaction flow kinetics flow kinetic flow of fluids flow of fluid flow of gases flow of gase flower-like flower like flower-like morphologies flower like morphology flower-like structures flower like structure flower-like zno flower like zno flower-shaped flower shaped flow-induced ordering flow induced ordering flowing argons flowing argons flow-sensors flow sensor fluctuation amplitudes fluctuation amplitude fluctuations fluctuation flue gases flue gas fluences fluence fluid densities fluid density fluid dynamics fluid dynamic fluid mechanics fluid mechanics fluid models fluid model fluid motions fluid motion fluid-fluid interaction fluid fluid interaction fluidic devices fluidic device fluidics fluidics fluidized bed fluidized beds fluidized bed process fluidized bed process fluidized bed reactors fluidized bed reactor fluidized beds fluidized beds fluids fluids fluorenes fluorene fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate fluorescein 5 isothiocyanate fluoresceins fluoresceins fluorescence analysis fluorescence analysis fluorescence behaviors fluorescence behavior fluorescence biosensors fluorescence biosensor fluorescence decays fluorescence decay fluorescence dynamics fluorescence dynamic fluorescence excitation-emission matrices fluorescence excitation emission matrix fluorescence image fluorescence imaging fluorescence intensities fluorescence intensity fluorescence lifetimes fluorescence lifetime fluorescence measurements fluorescence measurement fluorescence microscope fluorescence microscopy fluorescence microscopes fluorescence microscopy fluorescence probes fluorescence probe fluorescence properties fluorescence property fluorescence quenchers fluorescence quenchers fluorescence quenching microscopies fluorescence quenching microscopy fluorescence reductions fluorescence reduction fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) fluorescence resonance energy transfer fluorescence sensors fluorescence sensor fluorescence signals fluorescence signal fluorescence studies fluorescence study fluorescence switch fluorescence switching fluorescence turn-on fluorescence turn on fluorescent assays fluorescent assay fluorescent colors fluorescent colors fluorescent dye fluorescent dyes fluorescent dyes fluorescent dyes fluorescent labeling fluorescent labels fluorescent labels fluorescent labels fluorescent markers fluorescent marker fluorescent materials fluorescent material fluorescent molecules fluorescent molecule fluorescent nanoparticles fluorescent nanoparticle fluorescent polymers fluorescent polymer fluorescent probes fluorescent probe fluorescent products fluorescent product fluorescent properties fluorescent property fluorescent sensors fluorescent sensor fluorescent signals fluorescent signal fluorescent switches fluorescent switch fluorescent whitening agents fluorescent whitening agent fluoride concentrations fluoride concentration fluorides fluoride fluorinated derivatives fluorinated derivative fluorinated fullerenes fluorinated fullerenes fluorinated graphene layers fluorinated graphene layer fluorinated tin oxides fluorinated tin oxide fluorinating agents fluorinating agent fluorination reactions fluorination reaction fluorine atoms fluorine atom fluorine compounds fluorine compound fluorine containing polymers fluorine containing polymer fluorine doped tin oxide (fto) fluorine doped tin oxide fluorine gas fluorine gas fluorine ions fluorine ion fluorine tin oxides fluorine tin oxide fluorine-doped fluorine doped fluorocarbon polymers fluorocarbon polymer fluorocarbons fluorocarbon fluoroelastomers fluoroelastomers fluoro-ethylene carbonate fluoro ethylene carbonate fluorogenics fluorogenic fluorogenics fluorogenic fluorographites fluorographite fluorophores fluorophore fluoroquinolones fluoroquinolone fluorosilanes fluorosilane fluxes fluxe flywheels flywheels fm-afm fm afm fn plots fn plots foam foams foam composites foam composite foam densities foam density foaming process foaming process foams foams focal adhesions focal adhesion focus of researches focus of researche focused electron beams focused electron beam focused electron-beam-induced deposition focused electron beam induced deposition focused electron-beam-induced depositions focused electron beam induced deposition focused ion beams focused ion beam focused laser beams focused laser beam focusing mirrors focusing mirrors foldable electronics foldable electronic folded structures folded structure folding lines folding line folding process folding process foldings folding folds fold foleds foled folic acid transporters folic acid transporters folic acids folic acid food additives food additive food analysis food analysis food coloring agents food coloring agent food contaminants food contaminants food products food product food samples food sample food-borne bacteria food borne bacteria food-borne pathogens food borne pathogen food-packaging materials food packaging material forbidden gaps forbidden gap force constant models force constant model force constants force constant force fields force field force-constant model force constant model force-displacement behavior force displacement behavior force-displacement curves force displacement curve force-displacement measurements force displacement measurement force-displacement response force displacement response force-distance curves force distance curve foreign atoms foreign atom forests forests form clusters form cluster form factors form factor formaldehyde concentrations formaldehyde concentration formaldehyde vapors formaldehyde vapor formaldehyde-sensing formaldehyde sensing formamides formamide formate dehydrogenases formate dehydrogenase formates formate formation and evolutions formation and evolution formation dynamics formation dynamic formation energies formation energy formation process formation process formation rates formation rate formation-of-copper oxides formation of copper oxide formic acid decompositions formic acid decomposition formic acid fuel cells (fafc) formic acid fuel cells formic acids formic acid forming gas forming gas forming metals forming metal forward bias forward bias forward osmosis forward osmosis forward osmosis membranes forward osmosis membrane forward-and-backward forward and backward fossil fuel power plants fossil fuel power plants fossil fuels fossil fuel fossil-fuel depletions fossil fuel depletion fouling resistance ratios fouling resistance ratio foundation models foundation model foundations foundation four ball wear testers four ball wear testers four electron process four electron process four wave mixing process four wave mixing process four-channel four channel four-electron process four electron process four-electron reduction four electron reduction fourier analysis fourier analysis fourier components fourier component fourier series fourier serie fourier transform analysis fourier transform analysis fourier transform infra red (ftir) spectroscopy fourier transform infra red spectroscopy fourier transform infra reds fourier transform infrared fourier transform infra reds fourier transform infrared fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopies fourier transform infrared fourier transform infrared spectrometer fourier transform infrared spectrometry fourier transform infra-red spectroscopies fourier transform infra red spectroscopy fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft ir) fourier transform infrared spectroscopy fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) fourier transform infrared spectroscopy fourier transform infrared spectrum(ftir) fourier transform infrared spectrum fourier transform infrared spectrums fourier transform infrared spectrum fourier transformations fourier transformation fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy fourier transform infrared spectrum fourier transform-infrared spectrometries fourier transform infrared spectrometry fourier transforms fourier transform fourier transforms infrared spectroscopies fourier transform infrared spectroscopy four-layer structures four layer structure four-membered rings four membered ring four-order four order four-point four point four-point measurements four point measurement four-point probe four point probe four-point probe conductivity measurement four point probe conductivity measurement four-point probe measurements four point probe measurement four-point probe method four point probe method four-point probe techniques four point probe technique four-probe four probe four-probe measurement four probe measurement four-probe methods four probe method four-probe techniques four probe technique four-terminal measurements four terminal measurement four-terminal resistance four terminal resistance four-wave mixing four wave mixing four-wave-mixing process four wave mixing process fowler-nordheim fowler nordheim fowler-nordheim plots fowler nordheim plot fowler-nordheim theory fowler nordheim theory fowler-nordheim tunneling fowler nordheim tunneling fp-lapw fp lapw fractal fractals fractal boundaries fractal boundary fractal characteristics fractal characteristic fractal patterns fractal pattern fractal structures fractal structure fractal-like fractal like fractals fractals fractional charges fractional charge fractional quantum hall effects fractional quantum hall effect fractional quantum hall liquids fractional quantum hall liquid fracture analysis fracture analysis fracture characteristics fracture characteristic fracture dynamics fracture dynamic fracture mechanics fracture mechanics fracture mechanisms fracture mechanism fracture process fracture process fracture strengths fracture strength fracture stress fracture stress fracture surface analysis fracture surface analysis fracture surfaces fracture surface fracture toughness fracture toughness fracture toughness values fracture toughness value fractured surfaces fractured surface fractures fracture fracturing process fracturing process fragmentation process fragmentation process frame-work frame work framework materials framework material framework structures framework structure france france free amino groups free amino group free basis free basis free boundary conditions free boundary condition free carriers free carriers free charge carriers free charge carriers free edges free edge free electron gas free electron gas free electron lasers free electron laser free electron models free electron model free electrons free electron free energy analysis free energy analysis free exciton free excitons free excitons free excitons free parameters free parameter free particles free particle free radical initiators free radical initiators free radical reactions free radical reaction free radical scavengers free radical scavengers free radicals free radical free spaces free space free standing membranes free standing membrane free surfaces free surface free vibration analysis free vibration analysis free-electron density free electron density free-energy calculations free energy calculation free-energy diagrams free energy diagram freeforms freeform free-radical addition free radical addition free-radical scavengers free radical scavenger free-standing free standing free-standing electrode free standing electrode free-standing film free standing film freestanding films freestanding film free-standing films free standing film free-standing membrane free standing membrane free-standing nanocomposites free standing nanocomposite free-standing paper free standing paper free-standing structures free standing structure free-vibration analysis free vibration analysis freeze drying process freeze drying process freeze-drying freeze drying freeze-drying process freeze drying process freeze-thaw cycles freeze thaw cycle freezing process freezing process freezing temperatures freezing temperature frenkel pairs frenkel pair freons freons frequency analysis frequency analysis frequency and time domains frequency and time domains frequency bands frequency band frequency calculations frequency calculation frequency changes frequency change frequency combs frequency combs frequency dependence frequency dependent frequency dependences frequency dependent frequency dependencies frequency dependent frequency differences frequency difference frequency domain analysis frequency domain analysis frequency domains frequency domains frequency doublers frequency doublers frequency doubling frequency doublers frequency intervals frequency intervals frequency mixers frequency mixer frequency multipliers frequency multiplier frequency multipliers frequency multiplier frequency multiplying circuits frequency multiplying circuit frequency range frequency ranging frequency ranges frequency ranging frequency regimes frequency regime frequency regions frequency region frequency selective surface (fss) frequency selective surface frequency selective surfaces frequency selective surface Frequency spectra frequency spectrum frequency triplers frequency triplers frequency-dependent frequency dependent frequency-doubling frequency doublers frequency-selective frequency selective frequency-selective surfaces frequency selective surface frequency-shifting frequency shifting frequency-tuning frequency tuning fresh water resources fresh water resource fresnel reflections fresnel reflection fresnel's equation fresnel equation freundlich adsorption isotherms freundlich adsorption isotherm freundlich models freundlich model friction and wear behaviors friction and wear behavior friction and wear properties friction and wear property friction behaviour friction behavior friction characteristics friction characteristic friction coefficients friction coefficient friction factors friction factor friction force microscope friction force microscopy friction materials friction material friction measurements friction measurement friction properties friction property friction reduction properties friction reduction property frictional characteristics frictional characteristic frictional coefficients frictional coefficient frictional force microscopes frictional force microscope frictional forces frictional force frictional mechanisms frictional mechanism frictional properties frictional property friedel craft reaction friedel crafts reaction friedel oscillations friedel oscillation friedel-craft reactions friedel crafts reaction friedel-crafts friedel craft friedel-crafts acylation friedel crafts acylation friedel-crafts alkylation friedel crafts alkylation friedel-crafts reaction friedel crafts reaction fringe field fringing field fringe fields fringing field fringing fields fringing field frontier molecular orbitals frontier molecular orbital frontier orbitals frontier orbital fruit fruits fruit juices fruit juice fruits fruits fs-laser fs laser ft ir ftir ft ir and raman ftir and raman ft ir atr ftir atr ft ir characterization ftir characterization ft ir investigation ftir investigation ft ir spectrum ftir spectrum ft ir study ftir study ft- raman spectroscopy ft raman spectroscopy ft-ir ftir ftir analysis ftir analysis ft-ir and raman ftir and raman ft-ir characterization ftir characterization ft-ir investigation ftir investigation ftir measurements ftir measurement ft-ir spectrum ftir spectrum ft-ir study ftir study ft-ir-atr ftir atr ft-raman ftraman fuel additives fuel additive fuel cell fuel cella fuel cell catalysts fuel cell catalyst fuel cell cathodes fuel cell cathode fuel cell electrodes fuel cell electrode fuel cell technologies fuel cell technology fuel cells fuel cells fuel tanks fuel tank fuels fuel full cells full cell full encapsulations full encapsulation full waves full wave full-band monte carlo full band monte carlo fullerene cages fullerene cage fullerene layers fullerene layer fullerene molecules fullerene molecule fullerene-like structures fullerene like structure fullerenes fullerenes fullerenes c60 fullerenes (c60) fullerites fullerite full-potential linearized augmented plane waves full potential linearized augmented plane wave full-wave approach full wave approach full-wave electromagnetic simulation full wave electromagnetic simulation full-wave simulations full wave simulation full-wave techniques full wave technique fully spin-polarized fully spin polarized fulvic acids fulvic acid fumarates fumarate fumonisins fumonisin function values function value functional functionalized functional applications functional application functional behaviors functional behavior functional circuits functional circuit functional coatings functional coating functional components functional component functional composites functional composite functional devices functional device functional elements functional element functional features functional feature functional films functional film functional forms functional form functional groups functional group functional hybrid materials functional hybrid material functional interfaces functional interface functional materials functional material functional metals functional metal functional methods functional method functional moieties functional moietie functional molecules functional molecule functional nano materials functional nano material functional nanocomposites functional nanocomposite functional nanomaterial functional nanomaterial functional nanomaterials functional nanomaterial functional nanoparticles functional nanoparticle functional nanostructures functional nanostructure functional nucleic acids functional nucleic acid functional oxides functional oxide functional parts functional parts functional polymers functional polymer functional properties functional property functional species functional specy functional surfaces functional surface functional systems functional system functional textiles functional textil functional theories functional theory functional units functional units functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalised multi walled carbon nanotube functionalization functionalized functionalization of cnts functionalization of cnts functionalization of polymers functionalization of polymer functionalization process functionalization process functionalization reactions functionalization reaction functionalizations functionalized functionalized carbon nanotubes functionalized carbon nanotubes functionalized electrodes functionalized electrode functionalized gold nanoparticles functionalized gold nanoparticle functionalized grapheme functionalized graphene functionalized graphemes functionalized graphene functionalized graphene nanoribbons functionalized graphene nanoribbons functionalized graphene nanosheets functionalized graphene nanosheet functionalized graphene sheets functionalized graphene sheet functionalized materials functionalized material functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized multi walled carbon nanotube functionalized mwcnts functionalized mwcnts functionalized nanoparticles functionalized nanoparticle functionalized nanostructures functionalized nanostructure functionalized nanotubes functionalized nanotubes functionalized polymers functionalized polymer functionalized substrates functionalized substrate functionalized surfaces functionalized surface functionals functionalized functions function fundamental building blocks fundamental building block fundamental characteristics fundamental characteristic fundamental concepts fundamental concept fundamental equations fundamental equation fundamental frequencies fundamental frequency fundamental limitations fundamental limitation fundamental mechanisms fundamental mechanism fundamental modes fundamental mode fundamental parameters fundamental parameter fundamental physics fundamental physics fundamental principles fundamental principle fundamental properties fundamental property fundamental solitons fundamental solitons fundamental structures fundamental structure fundamental studies fundamental study fundamental tools fundamental tools fungal proteins fungal protein fungicides fungicide fungus fungus furans furans furnace systems furnace system furnaces furnace further treatments further treatment further works further work fused heterocyclic rings fused heterocyclic ring fused salts fused salt fused silica capillary columns fused silica capillary columns fused silica substrates fused silica substrate fused-silica capillaries fused silica capillary fusion reactors fusion reactor future applications future application future challenges future challenge future designs future design future directions future direction future energies future energy future generations future generation future perspectives future perspective future prospect future prospects future prospects future prospects future research directions future research direction future technologies future technology future trends future trends fuzzy systems fuzzy system g factors g factor gaas gaas gaas quantum wells gaas quantum wells gaas substrates gaas substrate gaas surfaces gaas surface gaas/algaas gaas/algaas gages gage gain materials gain material gain values gain value galerkin finite elements galerkin finite element galerkin methods galerkin method gallic acids gallic acid gallium alloys gallium alloy gallium compounds gallium compound gallium nitrides (gan) gallium nitrides gallium nitrides (gan) gallium nitride gallium oxides gallium oxide galvanic displacement reactions galvanic displacement reaction galvanic replacement reactions galvanic replacement reaction galvanic replacements galvanic replacement galvanomagnetic effects galvanomagnetic effect galvanostatic charge discharges galvanostatic charge discharge galvanostatic charge/discharge galvanostatic charge discharge galvanostatic charges galvanostatic charge galvanostatic cycle galvanostatic cycle galvanostatic cycles galvanostatic cycle galvanostatic electrolysis galvanostatic electrolysis galvanostatic intermittent titration techniques galvanostatic intermittent titration technique galvanostatic techniques galvanostatic technique galvanostatics galvanostatics gamma rays gamma rays gamma-ray irradiation gamma ray irradiation gan layers gan layer gan leds gan led gan light-emitting diodes gan light emitting diode gan nanostructures gan nanostructure gan nanowires gan nanowire gan thin films gan thin film gan-based light-emitting diodes gan based light emitting diode gap equations gap equation gap junctions gap junction gap regions gap region gap structures gap structure gap values gap value gap widths gap widths gap-43 protein gap 43 protein garnets garnets gas gas gas ambients gas ambients gas analysis gas analysis gas atoms gas atom gas barrier films gas barrier film gas barrier properties gas barrier property gas burners gas burners gas chromatography mass spectrometries gas chromatography mass spectrometry gas chromatography/mass spectrometry gas chromatography mass spectrometry gas chromatography-flame ionization detections gas chromatography flame ionization detection gas chromatography-mass spectrometries (gc-ms) gas chromatography mass spectrometry gas chromatography-mass spectrometry gas chromatography mass spectrometry gas compositions gas composition gas cooled reactors gas cooled reactor gas detection sensors gas detection sensor gas detectors gas detectors gas emissions gas emission gas flow ratio gas flowrate gas flows gas flow gas fuel analysis gas fuel analysis gas generators gas generator gas hydrates gas hydrate gas lasers gas laser gas liquids gas liquid gas mixtures gas mixture gas molecules gas molecule gas oils gas oils gas permeable membranes gas permeable membrane gas phase catalysis gas phase catalysis gas phase process gas phase process gas phasis gas phasis gas precursors gas precursor gas pressures gas pressure gas producers gas producers gas sensing applications gas sensing application gas sensing characteristics gas sensing characteristic gas sensing electrodes gas sensing electrode gas sensing properties gas sensing property gas sensor materials gas sensor material gas sensors gas sensor gas separations gas separation gas sorption properties gas sorption property gas sources gas source gas species gas specy gas/liquid interface gas liquid interface gas/liquid interface gas liquid interface gas-diffusion electrode gas diffusion electrode gaseous environments gaseous environment gaseous molecules gaseous molecule gaseous precursors gaseous precursor gaseous products gaseous product gases gas gas-flow ratio gas flow rate gas-liquid interface gas liquid interface gas-phase gas phase gas-phase clusters gas phase cluster gas-phase reactions gas phase reaction gas-sensing systems gas sensing system gas-sensitivity gas sensitivity gas-solid gas solid gate bias gate bias gate biases gate bias gate delay gate delays gate delays gate delays gate dependences gate dependence gate dielectric layers gate dielectric layer gate dielectrics gate dielectric gate electrodes gate electrode gate leakages gate leakage gate materials gate material gate metals gate metal gate oxide thickness gate oxide thickness gate potentials gate potential gate stacks gate stacks gate terminals gate terminals gate transistors gate transistor gate voltages gate voltage gate widths gate widths gate-all-around gate all around gate-channel capacitance gate channel capacitance gated devices gated device gated structures gated structure gate-leakage current gate leakage current gate-length gate length gate-to-source voltages gate to source voltage gauge factors gauge factor gauge fields gauge field gaussian curvatures gaussian curvature gaussian functions gaussian function gaussian profiles gaussian profile gaussians gaussians gaussian-type basis sets gaussian type basis set g-band g band g-band frequencies g band frequency gc ms gc ms g-c3n4 g c g-c3n4 g c g-c3n4 g c3n4 gc-ms gc ms ge films ge film ge nanoparticles ge nanoparticle ge surfaces ge surface gel gels gel coatings gel coating gel electrophoresis gel electrophoresis gel glass gel glass gel permeation chromatography (gpc) gel permeation chromatography gel polymer electrolytes gel polymer electrolyte gel systems gel system gelation concentrations gelation concentration gelation mechanisms gelation mechanism gelation process gelation process gelator molecules gelator molecule gelators gelators gels gels gems gems gene delivery systems gene delivery system gene delivery vectors gene delivery vectors gene expression profiles gene expression profile gene sequences gene sequence gene transfer techniques gene transfer technique general applications general application general methodologies general methodology general solutions general solution general tools general tools generalized boundary conditions generalized boundary condition generalized gradient approximations generalized gradient approximation generalized gradients generalized gradients generalized stacking fault energies generalized stacking fault energy generalized tight bindings generalized tight bindings generation recombination process generation recombination process generation-recombination generation recombination generation-recombination process generation recombination process genes gene genetic algorithms genetic algorithm genetic analysis genetic analysis genetic procedures genetic procedure genetic vectors genetic vectors genetics genetics genome analysis genome analysis genomics genomics genosensors genosensor genotoxicities genotoxicity geological process geological process geometric asymmetries geometric asymmetry geometric characteristics geometric characteristic geometric configurations geometric configuration geometric effects geometric effect geometric lattices geometric lattice geometric non-linearity geometric non linearity geometric patterns geometric pattern geometric phase analysis geometric phase analysis geometric properties geometric property geometric sizes geometric size geometric structures geometric structure geometrical and electronic structures geometrical and electronic structure geometrical changes geometrical change geometrical configurations geometrical configuration geometrical considerations geometrical consideration geometrical constraints geometrical constraints geometrical dimensions geometrical dimension geometrical features geometrical feature geometrical models geometrical model geometrical non-linearity geometrical non linearity geometrical optics geometrical optic geometrical parameters geometrical parameter geometrical patterns geometrical pattern geometrical shapes geometrical shape geopolymer composites geopolymer composite geopolymers geopolymer germanane germanene germanium films germanium film germanium nanowires germanium nanowire germanium oxides germanium oxide germination rates germination rate ghz frequencies ghz frequency giant fullerenes giant fullerenes giant magnetoresistances (gmr) giant magnetoresistances gibbs free energy changes gibbs free energy change gigahertz frequencies gigahertz frequency gires-tournois interferometer mirrors gires tournois interferometer mirror gisaxs gisaxs glass glass glass carbon electrodes glass carbon electrode glass fiber composites glass fiber composite glass fibers glass fiber glass lasers glass laser glass membrane electrodes glass membrane electrode glass microfibers glass microfiber glass slides glass slide glass substrates glass substrate glass surfaces glass surface glass waveguides glass waveguide glassy carbon electrodes glassy carbon electrode glassy carbon surfaces glassy carbon surface glassy carbon-rotating disk electrode glassy carbon rotating disk electrode glassy electrodes glassy electrode glauber dynamics glauber dynamic glide dislocations glide dislocation glioma cells glioma cell global interconnects global interconnects global levels global level glow discharge plasmas glow discharge plasma glow discharges glow discharge glucocorticoids glucocorticoid glucose 1-dehydrogenase glucose 1 dehydrogenase glucose biosensors glucose biosensor glucose measurements glucose measurement glucose molecules glucose molecule glucose oxidases (gox) glucose oxidases glucose sensors glucose sensor glucose-oxidase glucose oxidase glues glue glutaraldehydes glutaraldehyde glutathiones glutathione glycan glycans glycans glycans glycated hemoglobins glycated hemoglobin glycerol conversions glycerol conversion glycerol electro oxidations glycerol electro oxidation glycoconjugates glycoconjugate glycol glycols glycols glycols glycolysis glycolysis glycopeptides glycopeptide glycoproteins glycoprotein glycyl-glycine glycyl glycine g-modes g mode gnrfet gnr fet gnr-fet gnr fet gnrs gnrs gns gns go nanosheets go nanosheet goats goat gold - graphene nanocomposites gold graphene nanocomposite gold alloys gold alloy gold and silver nanoclusters gold and silver nanocluster gold and silver nanoparticles gold and silver nanoparticle gold atoms gold atom gold clusters gold cluster gold coatings gold coating gold composites gold composite gold compounds gold compound gold contacts gold contact gold deposits gold deposits gold dimers gold dimer gold electrodes gold electrode gold ions gold ion gold islands gold islands gold microelectrodes gold microelectrode gold nano particles gold nano particle gold nanoclusters gold nanocluster gold nanocomposites gold nanocomposite gold nanocrystals gold nanocrystal gold nanoflowers gold nanoflowers gold nanoparticles gold nanoparticle gold nano-particles gold nano particle gold nanoparticles (aunps) gold nanoparticle gold nanoparticles (gnps) gold nanoparticle gold nanorods gold nanorod gold nanorods (aunrs) gold nanorod gold nanorods (gnrs) gold nanorod gold nanospheres gold nanosphere gold nanostar gold nanostars gold nanostars gold nanostars gold nanostructures gold nanostructure gold nanowires gold nanowire gold nps gold nps gold particles gold particle gold plates gold plate gold salts gold salt gold standards gold standards gold substrates gold substrate gold surfaces gold surface gold thin films gold thin film gold-coated gold coated gold-nanoparticle arrays gold nanoparticle array gold-platinum alloy gold platinum alloy gold-silver-graphene hybrid nanomaterials gold silver graphene hybrid nanomaterial goldstone modes goldstone mode good capacity retentions good capacity retention good correlations good correlation good water-solubility good water solubility goos-h?nchen shift goos h?nchen shift governing differential equations governing differential equation governing equations governing equation government agencies government agencie gqds gqds g-quadruplex g quadruplex g-quadruplex structure g quadruplex structure g-quadruplexes g quadruplex gradient methods gradient method gradient-corrected gradient corrected gradual changes gradual change gradual transformations gradual transformation graft grafts graft copolymers graft copolymer grafted polymers grafted polymer graft-from graft from grafting densities grafting density grafting of polymers grafting of polymer grafting process grafting process grafting reactions grafting reaction grafting techniques grafting technique grafting-to grafting to grafts grafts grain boundaries grain boundary grain boundary densities grain boundary density grain boundary effects grain boundary effect grain boundary motions grain boundary motion grain morphologies grain morphology grain-boundary defects grain boundary defect gram negative bacteria gram negative bacterium gram positive bacteria gram positive bacterium gram quantities gram quantity gram scale synthesis gram scale synthesis gram-negative bacteria gram negative bacterium gram-positive bacteria gram positive bacterium gram-positive bacterium gram positive bacterium gram-scale gram scale gram-scale quantity gram scale quantity gram-scale synthesis gram scale synthesis granular activated carbons granular activated carbon granular materials granular material granular structuress granular structure graphane-like materials graphane like material graphehe graphene grapheme graphene grapheme oxide graphene oxide grapheme sheet graphene sheet graphemes graphene graphen graphene graphene (g) graphene graphene (gr) graphene graphene aerogels graphene aerogel graphene allotropes graphene allotrope graphene analogues graphene analogue graphene and carbon nanotubes graphene and carbon nanotubes graphene and derivatives graphene and derivative graphene and fullerenes graphene and fullerenes graphene anodes graphene anode graphene antennas graphene antenna graphene antidots graphene antidot graphene arrays graphene array graphene as catalysts graphene as catalyst graphene balls graphene balls graphene base graphene based graphene bilayers graphene bilayer graphene coatings graphene coating graphene composites graphene composite graphene cones graphene cone graphene contacts graphene contact graphene defects graphene defect graphene derivatives graphene derivative graphene devices graphene device graphene dispersions graphene dispersion graphene dot graphene dots graphene dots graphene dots graphene edge structures graphene edge structure graphene edges graphene edge graphene electrodes graphene electrode graphene electronic transports graphene electronic transport graphene electronics graphene electronic graphene family materials graphene family material graphene fet graphene fets graphene fet (gfet) graphene fets graphene fets graphene fets graphene fets (gfet) graphene fets graphene fibers graphene fiber graphene field effect transistor (fet) graphene field effect transistor graphene field effect transistor (gfets) graphene field effect transistor graphene field effect transistors graphene field effect transistor graphene field-effect transistor graphene field effect transistor graphene field-effect transistor (fet) graphene field effect transistor graphene field-effect transistor (gfet) graphene field effect transistor graphene field-effect transistors graphene field effect transistor graphene field-effect transistors (fets) graphene field effect transistor graphene fieldeffect transistors (gfet) graphene field effect transistor graphene field-effect transistors (gfets) graphene field effect transistor graphene films graphene film graphene flakes graphene flake graphene foam graphene foams graphene foam (gf) graphene foams graphene foams graphene foams graphene fragments graphene fragment graphene frameworks graphene framework graphene growths graphene growth graphene heat spreaders graphene heat spreaders graphene heterojunctions graphene heterojunction graphene heterostructures graphene heterostructure graphene hybrid composites graphene hybrid composite graphene hybrid materials graphene hybrid material graphene hybrids graphene hybrids graphene hydrogel graphene hydrogels graphene hydrogels graphene hydrogels graphene ink graphene inks graphene inks graphene inks graphene interconnects graphene interconnects graphene islands graphene islands graphene junctions graphene junction graphene lattices graphene lattice graphene layers graphene layer graphene like films graphene like film graphene likes graphene like graphene materials graphene material graphene membranes graphene membrane graphene monolayers graphene monolayer graphene multilayers graphene multilayer graphene nano platelets graphene nano platelet graphene nano ribbon graphene nanoribbons graphene nano ribbon (gnr) graphene nanoribbons graphene nano sheets graphene nano sheet graphene nanocomposites graphene nanocomposite graphene nanodevices graphene nanodevice graphene nanodisk graphene nanodisks graphene nanodisks graphene nanodisks graphene nanodot graphene nanodots graphene nanodots graphene nanodots graphene nanoelectronics graphene nanoelectronic graphene nanofibers graphene nanofiber graphene nanoflakes graphene nanoflake graphene nano-flakes graphene nano flake graphene nano-junction graphene nano junction graphene nanolayers graphene nanolayer graphene nanoparticles graphene nanoparticle graphene nanoplatelet graphene nanoplatelets graphene nanoplatelets graphene nanoplatelets graphene nano-platelets graphene nano platelet graphene nanoplatelets (gnp) graphene nanoplatelets graphene nanoplatelets (gnps) graphene nanoplatelets graphene nanoplates graphene nanoplate graphene nanopores graphene nanopore graphene nano-ribbon graphene nanoribbons graphene nanoribbon (gnr) graphene nanoribbons graphene nano-ribbon (gnr) graphene nanoribbons graphene nanoribbon fet (gnrfet) graphene nanoribbon fet graphene nanoribbon fets graphene nanoribbon fets graphene nanoribbon field effect transistor (gnrfet) graphene nanoribbon field effect transistor graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistor (gnrfet) graphene nanoribbon field effect transistor graphene nanoribbon transistors graphene nanoribbon transistor graphene nanoribbons graphene nanoribbons graphene nano-ribbons graphene nanoribbons graphene nanoribbons (gnr) graphene nanoribbons graphene nanoribbons (gnrs) graphene nanoribbons graphene nanoscroll graphene nanoscrolls graphene nanoscrolls graphene nanoscrolls graphene nanoscrolls (gns) graphene nanoscrolls graphene nanosheets graphene nanosheet graphene nano-sheets graphene nanosheet graphene nanosheets (gns) graphene nanosheet graphene nanosheets (gnss) graphene nanosheet graphene nanostructures graphene nanostructure graphene nanowalls graphene nanowalls graphene nems graphene nems graphene networks graphene network graphene on insulators graphene on insulator graphene on metals graphene on metal graphene optoelectronics graphene optoelectronic graphene oxide (go) graphene oxide graphene oxide aerogels graphene oxide aerogel graphene oxide films graphene oxide film graphene oxide nanocomposites graphene oxide nanocomposite graphene oxide nanoparticles graphene oxide nanoparticle graphene oxide nanoplatelet graphene oxide nanoplatelets graphene oxide nanoplatelets graphene oxide nanoplatelets graphene oxide nanoribbon graphene oxide nanoribbons graphene oxide nanoribbons graphene oxide nanoribbons graphene oxide nanosheets graphene oxide nanosheet graphene oxide nano-sheets graphene oxide nano sheet graphene oxide papers graphene oxide papers graphene oxide platelets graphene oxide platelet graphene oxide quantum dot graphene oxide quantum dots graphene oxide quantum dots graphene oxide quantum dots graphene oxide sheets graphene oxide sheet graphene oxide(go) graphene oxide graphene oxide, ionic conductors graphene oxide, ionic conductors graphene oxide/ag nanoparticles graphene oxide/ag nanoparticle graphene oxide-magnetic nanocomposites graphene oxide magnetic nanocomposite graphene oxides graphene oxide graphene oxide-tio2 graphene oxide tio2 graphene oxide-zno graphene oxide zno graphene paper graphene papers graphene papers graphene papers graphene patterns graphene pattern graphene photocatalysts graphene photocatalyst graphene photonics graphene photonics graphene physics graphene physics graphene planes graphene plane graphene plasmon graphene plasmons graphene plasmonics graphene plasmonic graphene plasmons graphene plasmons graphene platelets graphene platelet graphene p-n junction graphene p n junction graphene p-n junctions graphene p n junction graphene properties graphene property graphene quantum dot graphene quantum dots graphene quantum dots graphene quantum dots graphene quantum dots (gqds) graphene quantum dots graphene quantumdots graphene quantumdots graphene ribbon graphene ribbons graphene ribbon resonators graphene ribbon resonator graphene ribbons graphene ribbons graphene rings graphene ring graphene ripples graphene ripple graphene saturable absorber graphene saturable absorbers graphene saturable absorbers graphene saturable absorbers graphene sensors graphene sensor graphene sheet models graphene sheet model graphene sheets graphene sheet graphene sheets (gs) graphene sheet graphene shells graphene shells graphene spintronics graphene spintronics graphene structures graphene structure graphene substrates graphene substrate graphene superlattices graphene superlattice graphene surface plasmon polaritons graphene surface plasmon polaritons graphene surface plasmons graphene surface plasmons graphene surfaces graphene surface graphene synthesis graphene synthesis graphene thickness graphene thickness graphene thin films graphene thin film graphene titania graphene titanium graphene transistors graphene transistor graphene tubes graphene tube graphene walls graphene walls graphene/ag graphene ag graphene/bn graphene bn graphene/carbon composite graphene carbon composite graphene/graphene oxide nanoplatelet graphene graphene oxide nanoplatelet graphene/graphene-oxide nanoplatelets graphene graphene oxide nanoplatelet graphene/mno2 graphene mno2 graphene/n si solar cell graphene n si solar cell graphene/n-si solar cells graphene n si solar cell graphene/polyaniline ink graphene polyaniline ink graphene/polymer composite graphene polymer composite graphene/polymer composites graphene polymer composite graphene/polymer nanocomposite graphene polymer nanocomposite graphene/polymer nanocomposites graphene polymer nanocomposite graphene/si heterojunction graphene si heterojunction graphene/silver nanocomposite graphene silver nanocomposite graphene/tio graphene tio graphene/tio2 graphene tio2 graphene/zinc oxide nanocomposite graphene zinc oxide nanocomposite graphene-ag composites graphene ag composite graphene-au nanocomposite graphene au nanocomposite graphene-based graphene based graphene-based anode graphene based anode graphene-based composite graphene based composite graphene-based composites graphene based composite graphene-based hybrids graphene based hybrid graphene-based magnetic nanoparticles graphene based magnetic nanoparticle graphene-based material graphene based material graphene-based materials graphene based material graphene-based metamaterials graphene based metamaterial graphene-based nanocomposite graphene based nanocomposite graphene-based nanocomposites graphene based nanocomposite graphene-based nanomaterials graphene based nanomaterial graphene-based nanosheets graphene based nanosheet graphene-based nanostructures graphene based nanostructure graphene-based pva composites graphene based pva composite graphene-based saturable absorber graphene based saturable absorber graphene-based sensors graphene based sensor graphene-based solid-phase extraction graphene based solid phase extraction graphene-based substrates graphene based substrate graphene-carbon nanotube composite graphene carbon nanotube composite graphene-cu graphene cu graphene-dna interactions graphene dna interaction graphene-enabled wireless communications graphene enabled wireless communication graphene-encapsulated graphene encapsulated graphene-fullerene hybrids graphene-gold nanocomposite graphene gold nanocomposite graphene-like graphene like graphene-like bn graphene like bn graphene-like boron nitride graphene like boron nitride graphene-like carbon graphene like carbon graphene-like films graphene like film graphene-like material graphene like material graphene-like materials graphene like material graphene-like molybdenum disulfide graphene like molybdenum disulfide graphene-like mos2 graphene like mos2 graphene-like nanocarbon graphene like nanocarbon graphene-like nanoflakes graphene like nanoflake graphene-modified electrode graphene modified electrode graphene-nanoparticle hybrid sensors graphene nanoparticle hybrid sensor graphene-nanoribbon graphene nanoribbon graphene-on-diamond graphene on diamond graphene-oxide graphene oxide graphene-oxide ink graphene oxide ink graphene-platinum hybrid nanoparticles graphene platinum hybrid nanoparticle graphene-polyaniline graphene polyaniline graphene-polyaniline composites graphene polyaniline composite graphene-polymer composite graphene polymer composite graphene-polymer composites graphene polymer composite graphene-polymer hybrid graphene polymer hybrid graphenes graphene graphene-semiconductor hybrid graphene semiconductor hybrid graphene-silicon graphene silicon graphene-silicon integration graphene silicon integration graphene-substrate interaction graphene substrate interaction graphene-sulfur composite graphene sulfur composite graphene-tio2 graphene tio graphene-tio2 graphene tio2 graphene-tio2 composite graphene tio2 composite graphene-titania graphene titanium graphene-titanium graphene titanium graphene-type lattice graphene type lattice graphene-zno graphene zno graphene-zno composite graphene zno composite graphene-zno nanocomposites graphene zno nanocomposite graphennas graphennas graphic methods graphic method graphical methods graphical method graphical processing units graphical processing units graphite bipolar plates graphite bipolar plate graphite blocks graphite block graphite cathodes graphite cathode graphite composites graphite composite graphite crucibles graphite crucible graphite crystallites graphite crystallite graphite crystals graphite crystal graphite dispersions graphite dispersion graphite electrodes graphite electrode graphite epoxy composites graphite epoxy composite graphite films graphite film graphite flakes graphite flake graphite fluorides graphite fluoride graphite foil graphite foils graphite foils graphite foils graphite inclusions graphite inclusion graphite intercalated compounds graphite intercalated compound graphite intercalation compounds graphite intercalated compound graphite interfaces graphite interface graphite lattices graphite lattice graphite layers graphite layer graphite materials graphite material graphite monolayers graphite monolayer graphite nano fibers graphite nano fiber graphite nanofibers graphite nanofiber graphite nanofibre graphite nanofiber graphite nanofibres graphite nanofiber graphite nanoplate graphite nanoplatelets graphite nanoplatelet graphite nanoplatelets graphite nanoplatelets graphite nanoplatelets graphite nanoplatelets (gnps) graphite nanoplatelets graphite nanoplates graphite nanoplatelets graphite nanosheets graphite nanosheet graphite nano-sheets graphite nano sheet graphite oxide (go) graphite oxide graphite oxides graphite oxide graphite particles graphite particle graphite plate graphite platelet graphite platelets graphite platelet graphite plates graphite platelet graphite products graphite product graphite samples graphite sample graphite sheets graphite sheet graphite structures graphite structure graphite surfaces graphite surface graphite suspensions graphite suspension graphite targets graphite target graphite-like carbon nitride graphite like carbon nitride graphite-like carbon nitrides graphite like carbon nitride graphite-like structures graphite like structure graphitic carbon films graphitic carbon film graphitic carbon nanostructures graphitic carbon nanostructure graphitic carbon nitrides graphitic carbon nitride graphitic carbons graphitic carbon graphitic characters graphitic character graphit-ic coating graphit ic coating graphitic domains graphitic domains graphitic films graphitic film graphitic flakes graphitic flake graphitic impurities graphitic impurity graphitic layers graphitic layer graphitic materials graphitic material graphitic particles graphitic particle graphitic phasis graphitic phase graphitic planes graphitic plane graphitic sheets graphitic sheet graphitic shells graphitic shells graphitic slit pores graphitic slit pore graphitic structures graphitic structure graphitic substrates graphitic substrate graphitization process graphitization process graphitized carbons graphitized carbon graphitized layers graphitized layer graphone graphene grating couplers grating couplers grating structures grating structure grating waveguides grating waveguide gravimetric analysis gravimetric analysis gravimetric energy densities gravimetric energy density gravity waves gravity wave grazing incidence x-ray diffraction grazing incidence x ray diffraction grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction grazing incidence x ray diffraction green chemical routes green chemical route green chemicals green chemical green chemistry approaches green chemistry approache green electronics green electronic green emissions green emission green fluorescent proteins green fluorescent protein green function methods green function method green functions green function green photonics green photonics green plants green plants green process green process green solvents green solvent green synthesis green synthesis green tea polyphenols green tea polyphenols green techniques green technique greenhouse gas greenhouse gas greenhouse gases greenhouse gas green-kubo method green kubo method green-kubo methods green kubo method green-kubo relations green kubo relation green's function approaches green's function approach greens function method green's function method green's function methods green's function method green's functions green's function grinding machines grinding machine grinding methods grinding method gromacs gromacs ground planes ground plane ground state properties ground state property ground water groundwater ground-state energies ground state energy ground-state spins ground state spin ground-state structures ground state structure group symmetries group symmetry group velocities group velocity group-iv semiconductors group iv semiconductor growing markets growing markets growth areas growth area growth conditions growth condition growth directions growth direction growth dynamics growth dynamic growth factors growth factor growth kinetics growth kinetic growth mechanisms growth mechanism growth modeling growth model growth models growth model growth modes growth mode growth of cells growth of cells growth of thin films growth of thin film growth orientations growth orientation growth parameters growth parameter growth precursors growth precursor growth process growth process growth sequences growth sequence growth solutions growth solution growth stages growth stage growth steps growth step growth substrates growth substrate growth surfaces growth surface growth techniques growth technique growth times growth time gruneisen parameters gruneisen parameter guanosines guanosine guest molecules guest molecule guest species guest specy guided modes guided mode guided resonances guided resonance guided-mode resonance guided mode resonance guiding principles guiding principle guiding structures guiding structure g-values g value gw approximations gw approximation gw calculations gw calculation gyrators gyrator gyrotropic materials gyrotropic material h 2o 2 h 2o 2 h 2 evolution h 2 evolution h 2 generation h 2 generation h 2 o 2 h2 o 2 h 2 o 2 h2 o 2 h 2 evolution h 2 evolution h2s h2o2 biosensors h2o2 biosensor h2s h2s haadf-stem haadf stem h-abstraction h abstraction hadrons hadrons hafnia hafnium hafnium compounds hafnium compound hafnium oxides hafnium oxide hairpin structures hairpin structure half cells half cells half metals half metal half spaces half space half width at half maximums half width at half maximums half-cell tests half cell test half-filling half filling half-life half life half-metal half metal half-metallic half metallic half-metallic behavior half metallic behavior half-metallic carbon nanotubes half metallic carbon nanotube half-metallic characters half metallic character half-metallic ferromagnetism half metallic ferromagnetism half-metallic properties half metallic property half-metallicity half metallicity half-metals half metal half-wave half wave half-wave potential half wave potential half-width half width halide ions halide ion halitosis halitosis hall bars hall bars hall effect devices hall effect device hall effect transducers hall effect transducer hall elements hall element hall measurements hall measurement hall-effect sensor hall effect sensor hall-effect sensors hall effect sensor halloysite nanotube (hnts) halloysite nanotubes halloysite nanotubes halloysite nanotubes halogen atoms halogen atom halogen compounds halogen compound halogen elements halogen element halogen molecules halogen molecule halogenated diphenyl ethers halogenated diphenyl ethers halogenated organic compounds halogenated organic compound halogens halogen halomonas halomonas halpin-tsai model halpin tsai model hamiltonian hamiltonians hamiltonian eigenstates hamiltonian eigenstate hamiltonian model hamiltonian modeling hamiltonian models hamiltonian modeling hamiltonians hamiltonians hamiltons hamiltons hanle effects hanle effect hansen solubility parameters hansen solubility parameter hantzsch 1 ,4-dihydropyridine hantzsch 1,4 dihydropyridine haptic feedbacks haptic feedbacks hard coatings hard coating hard cores hard core hard segments hard segments hard spheres hard sphere hardness hardness hardness and elastic modulus hardness and elastic modulus hardware implementations hardware implementation harmful chemicals harmful chemical harmonic analysis harmonic analysis harmonic functions harmonic function harmonic mode-locking harmonic mode locking harmonic orders harmonic order harmonic oscillators harmonic oscillators harmonics harmonics harness harness hartman effects hartman effect hartree-fock hartree fock hartree-fock approach hartree fock approach hartree-fock approximations hartree fock approximation hartree-fock calculations hartree fock calculation hartree-fock equations hartree fock equation hartree-fock levels hartree fock level hartree-fock method hartree fock method hartree-fock methods hartree fock method hartree-fock theory hartree fock theory harvesting energies harvesting energy hausmannites hausmannite hazard hazards hazardous chemicals hazardous chemical hazardous heavy metals hazardous heavy metal hazardous materials hazardous material hazardous pollutants hazardous pollutant hazards hazards h-bn h bn h-bonded h bonded h-bonding h bonding h-bonding interaction h bonding interaction h-bonds h bond he atoms he atom head groups head group head-disk interface head disk interface head-space solid-phase microextraction head space solid phase microextraction headspaces headspace healing agents healing agent healing process healing process health effects health effect health hazards health hazards health risk health risks health risks health risks health status health status healthy individuals healthy individuals heart valves heart valve heat capacities heat capacity heat carriers heat carriers heat conduction equations heat conduction equation heat conductors heat conductors heat currents heat current heat diffusions heat diffusion heat exchangers heat exchangers heat flows heat flows heat losses heat loss heat release rate (hrr) heat release rate heat sink heat sinks heat sink materials heat sink material heat sinks heat sinks heat sources heat source heat spreader heat spreaders heat spreaders heat spreaders heat transfer applications heat transfer application heat transfer characteristics heat transfer characteristic heat transfer coefficients heat transfer coefficient heat transfer process heat transfer process heat transfer properties heat transfer property heat treating furnaces heat treating furnace heat treatment conditions heat treatment condition heat treatment process heat treatment process heat-assisted magnetic recording heat assisted magnetic recording heat-coordinated heat coordinated heated substrates heated substrate heating and cooling cycles heating and cooling cycle heating applications heating application heating conditions heating condition heating cycles heating cycle heating efficiencies heating efficience heating process heating process heating ramp rates heating ramp rate heating temperatures heating temperature heating treatments heating treatment heating-cooling cycle heating cooling cycle heat-treated nanofibers heat treated nanofiber heat-treatment process heat treatment process heavy atoms heavy atom heavy elements heavy element heavy ion interactions heavy ion interaction heavy ions heavy ion heavy metal ion adsorptions heavy metal ion adsorption heavy metal ion removals heavy metal ion removal heavy metal ions heavy metal ion heavy metal removals heavy metal removals heavy metals heavy metal heavy metals removal heavy metal removal heavy metals removals heavy metal removals heck reactions heck reaction height profiles height profile height-height correlation functions height height correlation function heisenberg models heisenberg model hek293 cells hek293 cells hela cell hela cells hela cells hela cells helical modes helical mode helical polymers helical polymer helical ribbons helical ribbons helical structures helical structure helicase activities helicase activity helicases helicase helicities helicity helium atoms helium atom helium ion beams helium ion beam helium ion microscope helium ion microscopy helium ion microscopes helium ion microscopy helium ion microscopies helium ion microscopy helium isotopes helium isotope helix structures helix structure helmet mounted displays helmet mounted displays hematite nanoparticles hematite nanoparticle hematologic tests hematologic test heme proteins heme protein hemimicelles hemimicelle hemin/g-quadruplex hemin/g quadruplex hemodynamics hemodynamic hemoglobins hemoglobin hemoglobins hemoglobin hemolysis hemolysis hemostasis hemostasis he-ne lasers he ne laser hep g2 cells hep g2 cells hepacivirus hepacivirus hepatitis hepatitis hepatitis b virus hepatitis b virus hepatitis c virus hepatitis c virus hepatocytes hepatocyte herbicides herbicide hetero interfaces hetero interface heteroatom-doped graphene heteroatom doped graphene heteroatoms heteroatom hetero-coagulation hetero coagulation heterocycles heterocycle heterocyclic aromatic amines heterocyclic aromatic amine heterocyclic molecules heterocyclic molecule heterocyclic rings heterocyclic ring heterofullerenes heterofullerenes heterogeneous heterogeneous heterogeneous catalysis heterogeneous catalysis heterogeneous catalysts heterogeneous catalyst heterogeneous catalytic reactions heterogeneous catalytic reaction heterogeneous channels heterogeneous channel heterogeneous fenton-like catalysts heterogeneous fenton like catalyst heterogeneous interconnects heterogeneous interconnects heterogeneous interfaces heterogeneous interface heterogeneous materials heterogeneous material heterogeneous photocatalysis heterogeneous photocatalysis heterogeneous photocatalysts heterogeneous photocatalyst heterogeneous reactions heterogeneous reaction heterogeneous structures heterogeneous structure heterogeneous substrates heterogeneous substrate heterogeneous systems heterogeneous system hetero-interfaces hetero interface heterojunction bipolar transistors heterojunction bipolar transistor heterojunction devices heterojunction device heterojunction diodes heterojunction diode heterojunction interfaces heterojunction interface heterojunction photovoltaic devices heterojunction photovoltaic device heterojunction solar cells heterojunction solar cells heterojunction structures heterojunction structure heterojunction transistors heterojunction transistor heterojunctions heterojunction hetero-nanostructures hetero nanostructure heterostructure devices heterostructure device heterostructure diodes heterostructure diode heterostructure field-effect transistors heterostructure field effect transistor heterostructure interfaces heterostructure interface heterostructures heterostructure heterosystems heterosystem hexachloroplatinic acids hexachloroplatinic acid hexacyanoferrates hexacyanoferrate hexacyanoferrates nanoparticles hexacyanoferrate nanoparticle hexadecylpyridinium chlorides hexadecylpyridinium chloride hexafluorophosphates hexafluorophosphate hexagonal aluminum nitrides hexagonal aluminum nitride hexagonal arrangements hexagonal arrangements hexagonal arrays hexagonal array hexagonal boron nitride (hbn) hexagonal boron nitride hexagonal boron nitride (h-bn) hexagonal boron nitride hexagonal boron nitride films hexagonal boron nitride film hexagonal boron nitride layers hexagonal boron nitride layer hexagonal boron nitride nanoribbons hexagonal boron nitride nanoribbons hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet hexagonal cells hexagonal cells hexagonal close-packed hexagonal close packed hexagonal crystals hexagonal crystal hexagonal networks hexagonal network hexagonal platelets hexagonal platelet hexagonal rings hexagonal ring hexagonal shapes hexagonal shape hexagonal sheets hexagonal sheet hexagonal sites hexagonal site hexagonal structures hexagonal structure hexanes hexane hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene hexa peri hexabenzocoronene hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (hbc) hexa peri hexabenzocoronene hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes hexa peri hexabenzocoronene hexuronic acids hexuronic acid hf calculations hf calculation hf characterizations hf characterization hf solutions hf solution hg2+ ions hg2+ ion h-graphene h graphene hierarchical architectures hierarchical architecture hierarchical assemblies hierarchical assembly hierarchical composites hierarchical composite hierarchical hollow spheres hierarchical hollow sphere hierarchical materials hierarchical material hierarchical microspheres hierarchical microsphere hierarchical microstructures hierarchical microstructure hierarchical nanostructures hierarchical nanostructure hierarchical organizations hierarchical organization hierarchical pore structures hierarchical pore structure hierarchical pores hierarchical pore hierarchical porous hierarchical porous hierarchical porous carbons hierarchical porous carbon hierarchical porous structures hierarchical porous structure hierarchical self-assembly hierarchical self assembly hierarchical structures hierarchical structure hierarchical systems hierarchical system hierarchically porous hierarchically porous hierarchically porous carbons hierarchically porous carbon high amplitudes high amplitude high breakdown fields high breakdown field high brightness high brightness high capabilities high capability high capacity cathodes high capacity cathode high charge/discharge rates high charge/discharge rate high charges high charge high conversions high conversion high costs high costs high current densities high current density high current rates high current rate high current stress high current stress high currents high current high cyclic stabilities high cyclic stability high defect densities high defect density high densities high density high density polyethylene(hdpe) high density polyethylene high density polyethylenes high density polyethylene high dielectric constants high dielectric constant high dielectrics high dielectric high direct-current high direct current high dispersion stabilities high dispersion stability high drug loadings high drug loadings high elastic modulus high elastic modulus high electric fields high electric field high electrical conductivities high electrical conductivity high electron affinities high electron affinity high electron mobilities high electron mobility high electron mobility transistor (hemt) high electron mobility transistor high electron mobility transistor (hemts) high electron mobility transistor high electron mobility transistors high electron mobility transistor high energies high energy high energy conversions high energy conversion high energy densities high energy density high energy density capacitors high energy density capacitor high energy electron beams high energy electron beam high energy lasers high energy laser high energy physics high energy physics high extinction ratios high extinction ratio high field transport properties high field transport property high frequencies high frequency high frequency characteristics high frequency characteristic high frequency devices high frequency device high frequency electric fields high frequency electric field high frequency electronic devices high frequency electronic device high frequency measurements high frequency measurement high frequency signals high frequency signal high frequency ultrasounds high frequency ultrasounds high gauge factors high gauge factor high growth temperatures high growth temperature high hardness high hardness high harmonics high harmonics high heating rates high heating rate high intensity lasers high intensity laser high internal phase emulsions high internal phase emulsion high lights high lights high lithium storages high lithium storage high load high loadings high loadings high loadings high magnetic fields high magnetic field high magnetic moments high magnetic moment high magnifications high magnification high mechanical properties high mechanical property high mobilities high mobility high mobility channels high mobility channel high mobility materials high mobility material high molecular weight polyethylenes high molecular weight polyethylene high numerical apertures high numerical aperture high order elastic constants high order elastic constant high order harmonics high order harmonics high performance applications high performance application high performance composites high performance composite high performance devices high performance device high performance electrochemical capacitors high performance electrochemical capacitor high performance fuel cells high performance fuel cells high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence high performance papers high performance papers high performance polymer solar cells high performance polymer solar cells high performance polymers high performance polymer high performance sensors high performance sensor high performance surfaces high performance surface high photocatalytic activities high photocatalytic activity high pore volumes high pore volume high power applications high power application high power electronics high power electronic high power lasers high power laser high power microwaves high power microwave high pressure apparatus high pressure apparatus high pressure effects in solids high pressure effect in solid high pressure torsions high pressure torsion high pressures high pressure high purities high purity high qualities high quality high quality factors high quality factor high quality single crystals high quality single crystal high rate anode materials high rate anode material high reaction temperatures high reaction temperature high relative humidities high relative humidity high resolution image high resolution imaging high resolution scanning electron microscope high resolution scanning electron microscopy high resolution tem (hrtem) high resolution tem high resolution transmission electron microscope high resolution transmission electron microscopy high resolutions high resolution high reversible capacities high reversible capacity high series resistances high series resistance high shear mixer high shear mixing high shear mixers high shear mixing high signalto noise ratios (snr) high signal to noise ratio high signal-to-noise ratio high signal to noise ratio high signalto-noise ratios (snr) high signal to noise ratio high specific capacitances high specific capacitance high spins high spin high stabilities high stability high stiffness high stiffness high strain rates high strain rate high strains high strains high strength and toughness high strength and toughness high stress high stress high sulfur contents high sulfur contents high surface-to-volume ratio high surface to volume ratio high tap densities high tap density high temperature (ht) high temperature high temperature annealing treatments high temperature annealing treatment high temperature applications high temperature application high temperature electrolysis high temperature electrolysis high temperature gas sensors high temperature gas sensor high temperature operations high temperature operation high temperature procedures high temperature procedure high temperature process high temperature process high temperature pyrolysis high temperature pyrolysis high temperature reactors high temperature reactor high temperature superconductors high temperature superconductors high temperature treatments high temperature treatment high temperatures high temperature high throughput synthesis high throughput synthesis high toughness high toughness high vacuums high vacuum high vacuums high vacuum high viscosities high viscosity high voltage generators high voltage generator high volumetric supercapacitors high volumetric supercapacitor high yield process high yield process high yield synthesis high yield synthesis high-? high ? high-? dielectrics high-? dielectric high-? dielectrics high ? dielectric high-accuracy high accuracy high-angle annular dark fields high angle annular dark field high-aspect ratio high aspect ratio high-capacitive high capacitive high-capacity high capacity high-capacity electrodes high capacity electrode high-content high content high-crystalline quality high crystalline quality high-current high current high-density high density high-density arrays high density array high-density integration high density integration high-density polyethylene high density polyethylene high-efficiency high efficiency high-efficiency catalysts high efficiency catalyst high-efficiency solar cells high efficiency solar cell high-electrical resistivities high electrical resistivity high-electron-density high electron density high-electronic-quality high electronic quality high-energy ball milling high energy ball milling high-energy barriers high energy barrier high-energy densities high energy density high-energy density batteries high energy density battery high-energy electron high energy electron high-energy ions high energy ion high-energy irradiation high energy irradiation high-energy mechanical milling high energy mechanical milling high-energy radiations high energy radiation high-energy resolution high energy resolution high-energy storage devices high energy storage device high-energy transfers high energy transfer higher frequencies higher frequency higher harmonics higher harmonics higher landau levels higher landau level higher loads higher load higher temperatures higher temperature higher-degree higher degree higher-dimensional higher dimensional higher-energy barriers higher energy barrier higher-order modes higher order mode higher-order structure higher order structure highest resolutions highest resolution high-field high field high-field performance high field performance high-field regions high field region high-field transport high field transport high-frequency high frequency high-frequency applications high frequency application high-frequency characterization high frequency characterization high-frequency current high frequency current high-frequency dielectrics high frequency dielectric high-frequency effects high frequency effect high-frequency electromagnetic radiation high frequency electromagnetic radiation high-frequency electronics high frequency electronic high-frequency excitation high frequency excitation high-frequency mode high frequency mode high-frequency noise high frequency noise high-frequency radiation high frequency radiation high-frequency simulation softwares high frequency simulation software high-frequency transistors high frequency transistor high-frequency transport high frequency transport high-impedance surface (his) high impedance surface high-impedance surfaces high impedance surface high-index high index high-index facets high index facet high-k high k high-k dielectric high k dielectric high-k dielectric films high k dielectric film high-k dielectric materials high k dielectric material high-k dielectrics high k dielectric high-k gate dielectrics high k gate dielectric high-k gate oxide high k gate oxide high-k materials high k material high-k oxides high k oxide high-level ab initio calculations high level ab initio calculation highly charged ions highly charged ion highly conductive polymers highly conductive polymer highly nonlinear fibers highly nonlinear fiber highly ordered arrays highly ordered array highly ordered mesoporous carbons highly ordered mesoporous carbon highly ordered pyrolitic graphites highly ordered pyrolitic graphite highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (hopg) highly ordered pyrolytic graphite highly ordered pyrolytic graphites highly ordered pyrolytic graphite highly oriented pyrolitic graphites highly oriented pyrolitic graphite highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (hopg) highly oriented pyrolytic graphite highly oriented pyrolytic graphites highly oriented pyrolytic graphite highly sensitive detections highly sensitive detection highly stables highly stable highly-correlated highly correlated high-mobility electrons high mobility electron high-mobility field-effect transistors high mobility field effect transistor high-mobility semiconductors high mobility semiconductor high-nitrogen high nitrogen high-order high order high-peak currents high peak current high-performance high performance high-performance anode materials high performance anode material high-performance anodes high performance anode high-performance design high performance design high-performance fibers high performance fiber high-performance liquid chromatography high performance liquid chromatography high-performance lithium-ion batteries high performance lithium ion battery high-performance logic applications high performance logic application high-performance polymer composites high performance polymer composite high-performance rubbers high performance rubber high-performance semiconductors high performance semiconductor high-performance technologies high performance technology high-power high power high-power lithium-ion batteries high power lithium ion battery high-power operation high power operation high-power pulse high power pulse high-precision high precision high-pressure annealing high pressure annealing high-pressure condition high pressure condition high-pressure solids high pressure solid high-purity high purity high-q cavity high q cavity high-quality high quality high-quality films high quality film high-quality graphene high quality graphene high-quality interface high quality interface high-quality materials high quality material high-quality products high quality product high-quality solutions high quality solution high-rate high rate high-rate capability high rate capability high-rate capacities high rate capacity high-rate discharges high rate discharge high-rate performance high rate performance high-resistance state high resistance state high-resistivity silicon substrate high resistivity silicon substrate high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopies high resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy high-resolution electron microscopy high resolution electron microscopy high-resolution imaging high resolution imaging high-resolution measurements high resolution measurement high-resolution microscopy high resolution microscopy high-resolution patterning high resolution patterning high-resolution photoemission high resolution photoemission high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy high resolution photoemission spectroscopy high-resolution scanning electron microscopes high resolution scanning electron microscopy high-resolution scanning electron microscopies high resolution scanning electron microscopy high-resolution tem high resolution tem high-resolution tem (hrtem) high resolution tem high-resolution transmission electron microscopes high resolution transmission electron microscopy high-resolution transmission electron microscopies high resolution transmission electron microscopy high-resolution transmission electron microscopy high resolution transmission electron microscopy high-resolution transmission microscopies high resolution transmission microscopy high-saturation magnetization high saturation magnetization high-sensitivity high sensitivity high-sensitivity detection high sensitivity detection high-sensitivity sensor high sensitivity sensor high-shear mixing high shear mixing high-sheet-resistance high sheet resistance high-specific surfaces high specific surface high-speed high speed high-speed analog high speed analog high-speed devices high speed device high-speed electronic devices high speed electronic device high-speed electronics high speed electronic high-speed modulator high speed modulator high-speed operation high speed operation high-speed optoelectronics high speed optoelectronic high-speed switching high speed switching high-speed transistors high speed transistor high-speed wireless communication high speed wireless communication high-strength high strength high-strength composites high strength composite high-strength materials high strength material high-symmetry points high symmetry point high-t high t high-temperature high temperature high-temperature annealing high temperature annealing high-temperature calcination high temperature calcination high-temperature decomposition high temperature decomposition high-temperature deposition high temperature deposition high-temperature exposure high temperature exposure high-temperature growth high temperature growth high-temperature processing high temperature processing high-temperature pyrolysis high temperature pyrolysi high-temperature regime high temperature regime high-temperature sintering high temperature sintering high-temperature stm high temperature stm high-temperature superconductivity high temperature superconductivity high-temperature treatment high temperature treatment high-tensile strength high tensile strength high-throughput high throughput high-throughput detection high throughput detection high-throughput method high throughput method high-throughput screening high throughput screening high-throughput screening assays high throughput screening assay high-throughput synthesis high throughput synthesi high-throughput technique high throughput technique high-vacuum conditions high vacuum condition high-voltage cathodes high voltage cathode high-voltage operation high voltage operation high-voltages high voltage high-volume production high volume production high-yield process high yield process hippocampus hippocampus histone acetyltransferases histone acetyltransferase history, 20th century history, 21st century hitachi hiv infections hiv infection hiv-1 hiv 1 hofstadter energy spectrums hofstadter energy spectrums hole bands hole band hole carriers hole carriers hole densities hole density hole extraction layers hole extraction layer hole extractions hole extraction hole injection barriers hole injection barrier hole injection layers hole injection layer hole pairs hole pair hole transport layers hole transport layer hole transport materials hole transport material hole transporting layer hole transport layer hole transporting layers hole transport layer hole transporting material hole transport material hole transports hole transport hole-doping hole doping hole-injecting hole injecting hole-injection layers hole injection layer hole-only device hole only device hole-selective collection hole selective collection hole-transporting layer hole transport layer hole-transporting layers hole transport layer hole-transporting materials hole transport material holey graphene sheets holey graphene sheet hollow capsules hollow capsule hollow carbon nanospheres hollow carbon nanosphere hollow carbon spheres hollow carbon sphere hollow cavities hollow cavity hollow cores hollow core hollow cubes hollow cube hollow fiber membranes hollow fiber membrane hollow gold nanoparticles hollow gold nanoparticle hollow microspheres hollow microsphere hollow nanofibers hollow nanofiber hollow nanoparticles hollow nanoparticle hollow nanospheres hollow nanosphere hollow nanostructures hollow nanostructure hollow optical fibers hollow optical fiber hollow positions hollow position hollow sites hollow site hollow spheres hollow sphere hollow structures hollow structure hollow-core hollow core holograms holograms homo energies homo energy homodynes homodyne homoepitaxial layers homoepitaxial layer homogeneous homogeneous homogeneous catalysis homogeneous catalysis homogeneous coatings homogeneous coating homogeneous detections homogeneous detection homogeneous dielectrics homogeneous dielectric homogeneous dispersions homogeneous dispersion homogeneous films homogeneous film homogeneous layers homogeneous layer homogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixture homogeneous polymers homogeneous polymer homogeneous solutions homogeneous solution homogeneous surfaces homogeneous surface homogeneous suspensions homogeneous suspension homogenous dispersions homogenous dispersion homogenous mixtures homogenous mixture homologous series homologous serie homo-lumo energy gap homo lumo energy gap homo-lumo gap homo lumo gap homo-lumo gaps homo lumo gap honeycomb arrays honeycomb array honeycomb lattices honeycomb lattice honeycomb layers honeycomb layer honeycomb networks honeycomb network honeycomb photonic crystals honeycomb photonic crystal honeycomb structures honeycomb structure honeycomblike structures honeycomblike structure hooge parameters hooge parameter hopping energies hopping energy hopping integrals hopping integrals hopping parameters hopping parameter hormesis hormesis hormones hormone horn antennas horn antenna horse radish peroxidase horseradish peroxidase horse radish peroxidase (hrp) horseradish peroxidase horse-radish peroxidase horseradish peroxidase horseradish peroxidase (hrp) horseradish peroxidase horseradish peroxidase enzymes horseradish peroxidase enzyme horses horse host atoms host atom host guest complexes host guest complexe host guest interactions host guest interaction host materials host material host matrices host matrix host polymers host polymer host-guest host guest host-guest chemistry host guest chemistry host-guest inclusion complexes host guest inclusion complexe host-guest interaction host guest interaction host-guest recognition host guest recognition host-guest system host guest system host-guest systems host guest system host-guests host guest hot carrier hot carriers hot carrier dynamics hot carrier dynamic hot carrier solar cells hot carrier solar cells hot carriers hot carriers hot electron effects hot electron effect hot electron transistors hot electron transistor hot electrons hot electron hot phonons hot phonon hot plates hot plates hot press hot pressing hot press hot pressing hot pressing process hot pressing process hot research topics hot research topics hot spots hot spot hot-carrier relaxation hot carrier relaxation hot-electron hot electron hot-electron bolometer hot electron bolometer hot-electron transistor (het) hot electron transistor hot-electron transport hot electron transport hot-filament chemical vapor deposition hot filament chemical vapor deposition hot-phonon effects hot phonon effect hot-press sintering hot press sintering hot-pressed composites hot pressed composite hot-pressing process hot pressing process hot-wire cvd hot wire cvd hoveyda-grubbs catalyst hoveyda grubbs catalyst h-passivation h passivation hplc-dad hplc dad h-point h point hreels hreels hrpes hrpes hr-tem hr tem hrtem analysis hrtem analysis hrtem images hrtem image h-shaped h shaped hsp70 heat-shock proteins hsp70 heat shock protein hubbard hamiltonians hubbard hamiltonians human adipose derived stem cells human adipose derived stem cell human adipose-derived stem cells human adipose derived stem cell human blood samples human blood sample human bloods human bloods human bodies human body human breast cancer cells human breast cancer cells human cell lines human cell line human cells human cell human chorionic gonadotropin human chorionic gonadotropins human chorionic gonadotropins human chorionic gonadotropins human embryonic kidneys human embryonic kidneys human embryonic stem cells human embryonic stem cells human endothelial cells human endothelial cells human epithelial cells human epithelial cells human erythrocytes human erythrocyte human immunodeficiency virus human immunodeficiency virus human immunodeficiency virus-1 human immunodeficiency virus 1 human liver cancer cells human liver cancer cells human lives human live human lung cancer cells human lung cancer cells human mesenchymal stem cells human mesenchymal stem cells human mesenchymal stem cells (hmscs) human mesenchymal stem cells human metabolisms human metabolisms human motions human motion human osteoblast cells human osteoblast cells human papillomavirus human papillomavirus human plasma samples human plasma sample human plasmas human plasma human serum albumins human serum albumin human serum and urine samples human serum and urine sample human touches human touche human umbilical vein endothelial cells human umbilical vein endothelial cells human urine samples human urine sample human-friendly human friendly humans human humic substances humic substance humid atmospheres humid atmosphere humid conditions humid condition humidity conditions humidity condition humidity effects humidity effect humidity hysteresis humidity hysteresis humidity levels humidity level humidity sensitive properties humidity sensitive property humidity sensors humidity sensor hummer method hummers method hummers hummers method hummers' method hummers method hummer's method hummers method hybrid aerogels hybrid aerogel hybrid and composite materials hybrid and composite material hybrid architectures hybrid architecture hybrid bilayers hybrid bilayer hybrid biosensors hybrid biosensor hybrid bulk heterojunctions hybrid bulk heterojunction hybrid catalysts hybrid catalyst hybrid cells hybrid cells hybrid channels hybrid channel hybrid coatings hybrid coating hybrid complexes hybrid complex hybrid composite films hybrid composite film hybrid composite materials hybrid composite material hybrid composites hybrid composite hybrid computers hybrid computers hybrid configurations hybrid configuration hybrid density functional theories hybrid density functional theory hybrid devices hybrid device hybrid electric vehicles (hevs) hybrid electric vehicles hybrid electrodes hybrid electrode hybrid electrolytes hybrid electrolyte hybrid fields hybrid field hybrid fillers hybrid fillers hybrid films hybrid film hybrid foams hybrid foams hybrid functionals hybrid functional hybrid gels hybrid gels hybrid hydrogel hybrid hydrogels hybrid hydrogels hybrid hydrogels hybrid laminates hybrid laminate hybrid materials hybrid material hybrid membranes hybrid membrane hybrid microspheres hybrid microsphere hybrid monoliths hybrid monoliths hybrid multilayers hybrid multilayer hybrid nanocomposites hybrid nanocomposite hybrid nanomaterials hybrid nanomaterial hybrid nanoparticles hybrid nanoparticle hybrid nanosheets hybrid nanosheet hybrid nanostructures hybrid nanostructure hybrid nanowires hybrid nanowire hybrid orbitals hybrid orbital hybrid organic-inorganic hybrid organic inorganic hybrid particles hybrid particle hybrid photo detectors hybrid photo detectors hybrid photocatalysts hybrid photocatalyst hybrid photonic crystals hybrid photonic crystal hybrid photovoltaic cells hybrid photovoltaic cells hybrid photovoltaic devices hybrid photovoltaic device hybrid photovoltaics hybrid photovoltaics hybrid plasmonic waveguides hybrid plasmonic waveguide hybrid polymers hybrid polymer hybrid porous materials hybrid porous material hybrid sensors hybrid sensor hybrid solar cells hybrid solar cells hybrid spheres hybrid sphere hybrid states hybrid state hybrid structures hybrid structure hybrid supercapacitors hybrid supercapacitor hybrid systems hybrid system hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle hybrid waveguides hybrid waveguide hybridization chain reactions hybridization chain reaction hybridization effects hybridization effect hybridization indicators hybridization indicators hybridization process hybridization process hybridization reactions hybridization reaction hybridized materials hybridized material hybridized systems hybridized system hybrids hybrid hydrates hydrate hydration free energies hydration free energy hydraulic servomechanisms hydraulic servomechanism hydraulic structures hydraulic structure hydraulics hydraulics hydrazine hydrates hydrazine hydrate hydrazine vapors hydrazine vapor hydrazines hydrazine hydrides hydride hydrocarbon chains hydrocarbon chain hydrocarbon contaminants hydrocarbon contaminants hydrocarbon conversions hydrocarbon conversion hydrocarbon films hydrocarbon film hydrocarbon flow rates hydrocarbon flow rate hydrocarbon gas hydrocarbon gas hydrocarbon molecules hydrocarbon molecule hydrocarbon polymers hydrocarbon polymer hydrocarbon pyrolysis hydrocarbon pyrolysis hydrocarbon radicals hydrocarbon radical hydrocarbon sources hydrocarbon source hydrocarbon species hydrocarbon specy hydrocarbons hydrocarbon hydrodechlorination (hdc) hydrodechlorination hydrodynamic boundary conditions hydrodynamic boundary condition hydrodynamic conditions hydrodynamic condition hydrodynamic equations hydrodynamic equation hydrodynamic forces hydrodynamic force hydrodynamical models hydrodynamics hydrodynamic hydrogel hydrogels hydrogel composites hydrogel composite hydrogel fibers hydrogel fiber hydrogel films hydrogel film hydrogel nanocomposites hydrogel nanocomposite hydrogel networks hydrogel network hydrogels hydrogels hydrogen adatoms hydrogen adatom hydrogen adsorptions hydrogen adsorption hydrogen atoms hydrogen atom hydrogen bond hydrogen bonding hydrogen bond interaction hydrogen bonding interaction hydrogen bond network hydrogen bonding network hydrogen bond networks hydrogen bonding network hydrogen bonding interactions hydrogen bonding interaction hydrogen bondings hydrogen bonding hydrogen bonds hydrogen bonding hydrogen bubbles hydrogen bubble hydrogen capacities hydrogen capacity hydrogen carriers hydrogen carriers hydrogen clusters hydrogen cluster hydrogen contents hydrogen contents hydrogen desorption temperatures hydrogen desorption temperature hydrogen dimers hydrogen dimer hydrogen evolution reaction (her) hydrogen evolution reaction hydrogen evolution reactions hydrogen evolution reaction hydrogen fuels hydrogen fuel hydrogen gas hydrogen gas hydrogen gas sensors hydrogen gas sensor hydrogen generations hydrogen generation hydrogen ions hydrogen ion hydrogen loadings hydrogen loadings hydrogen molecules hydrogen molecule hydrogen partial pressures hydrogen partial pressure hydrogen passivations hydrogen passivation hydrogen peroxide biosensors hydrogen peroxide biosensor hydrogen peroxide detections hydrogen peroxide detection hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction (hprr) hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction hydrogen plasma treatments hydrogen plasma treatment hydrogen plasmas hydrogen plasma hydrogen pressures hydrogen pressure hydrogen production by electrolysis hydrogen production by electrolysis hydrogen production process hydrogen production process hydrogen sensing properties hydrogen sensing property hydrogen separation membranes hydrogen separation membrane hydrogen sorption kinetics hydrogen sorption kinetic hydrogen spill overs hydrogen spillover hydrogen spill overs hydrogen spillover hydrogen spillover effects hydrogen spillover effect hydrogen storage alloys hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen storage behaviors hydrogen storage behavior hydrogen storage capacities hydrogen storage capacity hydrogen storage materials hydrogen storage material hydrogen storage properties hydrogen storage property hydrogen treatments hydrogen treatment hydrogen uptakes hydrogen uptake hydrogen vacancies hydrogen vacancy hydrogenated amorphous carbon films hydrogenated amorphous carbon film hydrogenated carbon nanotubes hydrogenated carbon nanotubes hydrogenated carbons hydrogenated carbon hydrogenated grapheme hydrogenated graphene hydrogenation effects hydrogenation effect hydrogenation kinetics hydrogenation kinetic hydrogenation of olefins hydrogenation of olefins hydrogenation process hydrogenation process hydrogenation products hydrogenation product hydrogenation reactions hydrogenation reaction hydrogen-bond hydrogen bonding hydrogen-bond formation hydrogen bond formation hydrogen-bond interactions hydrogen bonding interaction hydrogen-carbon bond hydrogen carbon bond hydrogen-ion concentration hydrogen ion concentration hydrogenolysis hydrogenolysis hydrogen-pairs hydrogen pair hydrogen-plasma etching hydrogen plasma etching hydrogen-rich atmospheres hydrogen rich atmosphere hydrogen-sensing hydrogen sensing hydrogen-to-carbon ratio hydrogen to carbon ratio hydrolases hydrolase hydrolysis hydrolysis hydrolysis process hydrolysis process hydrolysis products hydrolysis product hydronium ions hydronium ion hydroperoxides hydroperoxide hydrophilic carbon nanotubes hydrophilic carbon nanotubes hydrophilic carbons hydrophilic carbon hydrophilic groups hydrophilic group hydrophilic heads hydrophilic heads hydrophilic ionic liquids hydrophilic ionic liquid hydrophilic materials hydrophilic material hydrophilic moieties hydrophilic moietie hydrophilic particles hydrophilic particle hydrophilic polymers hydrophilic polymer hydrophilic properties hydrophilic property hydrophilic regions hydrophilic region hydrophilic residues hydrophilic residue hydrophilic surfaces hydrophilic surface hydrophilic/hydrophobic hydrophilic and hydrophobic hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction hydrophobic coatings hydrophobic coating hydrophobic components hydrophobic component hydrophobic compounds hydrophobic compound hydrophobic domains hydrophobic domains hydrophobic forces hydrophobic force hydrophobic groups hydrophobic group hydrophobic interactions hydrophobic interaction hydrophobic layers hydrophobic layer hydrophobic moieties hydrophobic moietie hydrophobic molecules hydrophobic molecule hydrophobic nanoparticles hydrophobic nanoparticle hydrophobic organic chemicals hydrophobic organic chemical hydrophobic pockets hydrophobic pockets hydrophobic pollutants hydrophobic pollutant hydrophobic polymers hydrophobic polymer hydrophobic properties hydrophobic property hydrophobic regions hydrophobic region hydrophobic residues hydrophobic residue hydrophobic surfaces hydrophobic surface hydrophobic tails hydrophobic tails hydrophobic/hydrophilic hydrophilic and hydrophobic hydrophobic-hydrophilic hydrophobic hydrophilic hydrophobins hydrophobins hydroquinones hydroquinone hydrotalcite(s) hydrotalcite hydrotalcites hydrotalcite hydrothermal conditions hydrothermal condition hydrothermal fabrications hydrothermal fabrication hydrothermal methods hydrothermal method hydrothermal process hydrothermal process hydrothermal processes hydrothermal process hydrothermal products hydrothermal product hydrothermal routes hydrothermal route hydrothermal synthesis hydrothermal synthesis hydrothermal techniques hydrothermal technique hydrothermal treatments hydrothermal treatment hydrothermal-assisted hydrothermal assisted hydrothermal-calcination hydrothermal calcination hydrous ferric oxides hydrous ferric oxide hydrous hydrazines hydrous hydrazine hydroxide ions hydroxide ion hydroxides hydroxide hydroxy groups hydroxy group hydroxy radicals hydroxy radical hydroxyapatite (hap) hydroxyapatite hydroxyapatite nanoparticles hydroxyapatite nanoparticle hydroxyl groups hydroxyl group hydroxyl radicals hydroxyl radical hydroxylated surfaces hydroxylated surface hyperbolic functions hyperbolic function hyperbolic metamaterials hyperbolic metamaterial hyperbranched polymers hyperbranched polymer hyperelastic materials hyperelastic material hyperfine interactions hyperfine interaction hyperfines hyperfine hyperpolarizabilities hyperpolarizability hyper-polarizability hyper polarizability hyperthermal collisions hyperthermal collision hyperthermia cancer therapies hyperthermia cancer therapy hypochlorous acids hypochlorous acid hypothesis hypothesis hysteresis hysteresis hysteresis loops hysteresis loops hysteresis measurements hysteresis measurement hysteretic characteristics hysteretic characteristic hysteretic devices hysteretic device i - v curve i v curve ic 50 ic50 ice crystals ice crystal ice formations ice formation ice layers ice layer ice-like structure ice like structure icp aes icp aes icp ms icp ms icp-aes icp aes icp-cvd icp cvd icp-ms icp ms ideal adsorbed solution theories (iast) ideal adsorbed solution theories ideal electrodes ideal electrode ideal systems ideal system ideal values ideal value ideality factors ideality factor idealized models idealized model identical conditions identical condition identical process identical process identification of individuals identification of individuals identification of proteins identification of protein identification techniques identification technique idler waves idler wave ignition energies ignition energy iii-nitride iii nitride iii-nitride semiconductors iii nitride semiconductor iii-nitrides iii nitride iii-v iii v iii-v compound semiconductor iii v compound semiconductor iii-v semiconductors iii v semiconductor ii-iv semiconductors ii iv semiconductor il-6 il 6 illumination conditions illumination condition image analysis image analysis image charges image charge image contrasts image contrasts image intensities image intensity image interpretation, computer-assisted image interpretation, computer assisted image processing, computer-assisted image processing, computer assisted image simulations image simulation image storage tubes image storage tubes image-potential image potential image-potential states image potential state imaginary parts imaginary parts imaging agents imaging agent imaging applications imaging application imaging capabilities imaging capability imaging conditions imaging condition imaging experiments imaging experiment imaging modes imaging mode imaging process imaging process imaging sensors imaging sensor imaging systems imaging system imaging techniques imaging technique imaging, three-dimensional imaging, three dimensional imidacloprids imidacloprid imidacloprids imidacloprid imidazoles imidazole imidazolium ionic liquids imidazolium ionic liquid imidazolium-based ionic liquid imidazolium based ionic liquid imides imide imines imine immersed boundary methods immersed boundary method immiscible liquids immiscible liquid immiscible polymer blends immiscible polymer blends immobilization matrices immobilization matrix immobilization process immobilization process immobilized antibodies immobilized antibody immobilized nucleic acids immobilized nucleic acid immobilized palladiums immobilized palladiums immobilized proteins immobilized protein immune cells immune cells immunoassays immunoassay immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency virus immunological reactions immunological reaction immunosensors immunosensor immunostimulatory activities immunostimulatory activity impact loadings impact loadings impact velocities impact velocity impactors impactors impedance analysis impedance analysis impedance bandwidths impedance bandwidth impedance boundary conditions impedance boundary condition impedance characteristics impedance matching impedance matching (electric) impedance matchings impedance matching (electric) impedance spectroscopy measurements impedance spectroscopy measurement impedance standards impedance standards impedance transformers impedance transformers impedimetric detections impedimetric detection impedimetric immunosensors impedimetric immunosensor implantable devices implantable device implantable electrodes implantable electrode implantable medical devices implantable medical device implantation process implantation process implications for futures implication for future implicit-explicit implicit explicit important features important feature imposed displacements imposed displacement imposed strains imposed strains impregnation methods impregnation method impregnation process impregnation process imprinted polymers imprinted polymer improved activities improved activity improved controls improved control improved methods improved method improved process improved process improved water-retention properties improved water retention property impulsive excitations impulsive excitation impurities impurity impurity atoms impurity atom impurity bands impurity band impurity centers impurity center impurity concentrations impurity concentration impurity positions impurity position impurity resonances impurity resonance impurity scatterings impurity scattering in depth analysis in depth analysis in plane stiffness in plane stiffness in plane stress in plane stress in planes in plane in situ analysis in situ analysis in- situ monitoring in situ monitoring in situ polymerization process in situ polymerization process in situ synchrotrons in situ synchrotrons in situ synthesis in situ synthesis in situ transmission electron microscopy (tem) in situ transmission electron microscopy in vacuums in vacuum in vacuums in vacuum inactivation mechanisms inactivation mechanism inas inas inas/gaas inas/gaas inas/gaas quantum dots inas/gaas quantum dots in-band in band in-between in between in-buildings in building incandescent lamps incandescent lamps in-cell in cell in-channels in channel in-chip in chip incidence angles incidence angle incident angles incident angle incident beams incident beam incident electrons incident electron incident fields incident field incident ions incident ion incident particles incident particle incident photo to current conversion efficiency incident photon to current conversion efficiency incident photon-to-current conversion efficiencies incident photon to current conversion efficiency incident photon-to-current efficiencies incident photon to current efficiency incident photo-to-current conversion efficiencies incident photon to current conversion efficiency incident radiations incident radiation incident waves incident wave inclusions inclusion incomplete contacts incomplete contact in-control in control increasing functions increasing function increasing solutions increasing solution increasing temperatures increasing temperature incubation periods incubation periods indentation analysis indentation analysis indentation fracture toughness indentation fracture toughness indenters indenters independent channels independent channel independent parameters independent parameter independent variables independent variable in-depth analysis in depth analysis in-depth investigation in depth investigation in-depth study in depth study in-depth understanding in depth understanding indicator-free indicator free indicators and reagents indicators and reagent indirect couplings indirect coupling indirect exchange interactions indirect exchange interaction indirect excitons indirect excitons indirect interactions indirect interaction indirect routes indirect route indispensable tools indispensable tools indium alloys indium alloy indium antimonides indium antimonide indium compounds indium compound indium doped tin oxides indium doped tin oxide indium gallium zinc oxides indium gallium zinc oxide indium tin oxide (ito) indium tin oxide indium tin oxide coated glass indium tin oxide coated glass indium tin oxide electrodes indium tin oxide electrode indium tin oxide films indium tin oxide film indium tin oxide substrates indium tin oxide substrate indium zinc oxides indium zinc oxide indium-free indium free indium-tin-oxide anodes indium tin oxide anode indium-tin-oxide glass substrates indium tin oxide glass substrate individual (pss 544-7) individual individual characteristics individual characteristic individual components individual component individual fibers individual fiber individual nanoparticles individual nanoparticle individual particles individual particle indole-3-acetic acid indole 3 acetic acid indoleacetic acids indoleacetic acid indoles indole indoor applications indoor application induced charges induced charge induced coupled plasmas induced coupled plasma induced currents induced current induced defects induced defect induced dipole moments induced dipole moment induced dipoles induced dipole induced electric fields induced electric field induced magnetic moments induced magnetic moment induced oxidations induced oxidation induced pluripotent stem cells induced pluripotent stem cells induced structures induced structure induced voltages induced voltage induced waves induced wave induction periods induction periods inductive couplings inductive coupling inductive effects inductive effect inductively coupled plasma (icp) inductively coupled plasma inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometries (icpms) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometries inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy inductively-coupled inductively coupled inductively-coupled plasma inductively coupled plasma industrial , scientific and medical bands industrial , scientific and medical band industrial applications industrial application industrial chemicals industrial chemical industrial communities industrial community industrial demands industrial demands industrial fields industrial field industrial materials industrial material industrial poisons industrial poisons industrial processs industrial processs industrial standards industrial standards industrial wastewaters industrial wastewater industrial-scale production industrial scale production industry applications industry application industry standards industry standards inelastic neutrons inelastic neutrons inelastic scattering process inelastic scattering process inelastic thermal spike models inelastic thermal spike model inert atmospheres inert atmosphere inert gas inert gas inert gases inert gas inert materials inert material inert surfaces inert surface inexpensive means inexpensive means in-fiber in fiber in-field in field infinite mass infinite mass infinite numbers infinite number inflammation mediators inflammation mediators inflammatory cytokines inflammatory cytokine inflection points inflection point influenza virus influenza virus information and communication technologies information and communication technology information carriers information carriers information storage applications information storage application information transfers information transfers infrared (ir) infrared infrared analysis infrared analysis infrared applications infrared application infrared detector infrared detectors infrared detectors infrared detectors infrared devices infrared device infrared emissions infrared emission infrared frequencies infrared frequency infrared image infrared imaging infrared images infrared imaging infra-red irradiation infra red irradiation infrared lamps infrared lamps infrared lasers infrared laser infrared measurements infrared measurement infrared micro-spectroscopy infrared micro spectroscopy infrared optoelectronics infrared optoelectronic infrared properties infrared property infrared rays infrared rays infrared regions infrared region infra-red sensor infra red sensor infrared spectrophotometers infrared spectrophotometry infrared spectrophotometers infrared spectrophotometry infrared spectroscopic studies infrared spectroscopic study infrared wavelengths infrared wavelength infrared-to-visible infrared to visible ingaas ingaas in-gap state in gap state inherent characteristics inherent characteristic inherent limitations inherent limitation inhibition kinetics inhibition kinetic inhibition mechanisms inhibition mechanism inhibitor of apoptosis proteins inhibitor of apoptosis protein inhibitor screenings inhibitor screenings inhomogeneities inhomogeneity inhomogeneous inhomogeneous inhomogeneous dielectrics inhomogeneous dielectric initial conditions initial condition initial cracks initial cracks initial decomposition temperatures initial decomposition temperature initial defects initial defect initial depositions initial deposition initial discharge capacities initial discharge capacity initial process initial process initial stages initial stage initial stress initial stress initial structures initial structure initial temperatures initial temperature initial values initial value initial velocities initial velocity initial weights initial weights initiating groups initiating group inject electrons inject electron injectable hydrogels injectable hydrogel injectable hydrogels injectable hydrogel injected carriers injected carriers injected electrons injected electron injection barriers injection barrier injection currents injection current injection molding process injection molding process injections, intravenous injection, intravenous ink jet printer inkjet printing ink jet printers inkjet printing ink jet printing inkjet printing inkjet materials inkjet material inkjet printers inkjet printer ink-jet printing inkjet printing ink-jet printing technologies ink et printing technology ink-jet technique inkjet technique inkjet-printed electronics inkjet printed electronic inks ink in-line in line in-line metrology in line metrology innate immune systems innate immune system inner cavities inner cavity inner diameters inner diameter inner filter effects inner filter effect inner process inner process inner spheres inner sphere inner surfaces inner surface inner walls inner walls innovative approaches innovative approach innovative materials innovative material innovative solutions innovative solution innovative structures innovative structure inorganic acids inorganic acid inorganic chemicals inorganic chemical inorganic coatings inorganic coating inorganic components inorganic component inorganic compounds inorganic compound inorganic crystals inorganic crystal inorganic dielectrics inorganic dielectric inorganic fillers inorganic fillers inorganic hybrids inorganic hybrids inorganic ions inorganic ion inorganic materials inorganic material inorganic membranes inorganic membrane inorganic metal oxides inorganic metal oxide inorganic nano materials inorganic nano material inorganic nanocrystals inorganic nanocrystal inorganic nanomaterials inorganic nanomaterial inorganic nanoparticles inorganic nanoparticle inorganic nanostructures inorganic nanostructure inorganic oxides inorganic oxide inorganic particles inorganic particle inorganic phasis inorganic phasis inorganic pollutants inorganic pollutant inorganic polymers inorganic polymer inorganic salts inorganic salt inorganic semiconductors inorganic semiconductor inorganic-organic inorganic organic inorganic-organic hybrid inorganic organic hybrid inorganic-organic hybrid materials inorganic organic hybrid material inp substrates inp substrate in-phase in phase in-phase mode in phase mode in-plane in plane in-plane alignment in plane alignment in-plane anisotropy in plane anisotropy in-plane bending in plane bending in-plane components in plane component in-plane compressive strain in plane compressive strain in-plane conductivity in plane conductivity in-plane deformation in plane deformation in-plane design in plane design in-plane direction in plane direction in-plane disorder in plane disorder in-plane distortions in plane distortion in-plane electric fields in plane electric field in-plane fields in plane field in-plane gates in plane gate in-plane heterostructure in plane heterostructure in-plane lattice parameters in plane lattice parameter in-plane lattices in plane lattice in-plane loads in plane load in-plane magnetic anisotropy in plane magnetic anisotropy in-plane magnetic field in plane magnetic field in-plane magnetic fields in plane magnetic field in-plane magnetization in plane magnetization in-plane mechanical properties in plane mechanical property in-plane moduli in plane moduli in-plane orientation in plane orientation in-plane polarization in plane polarization in-plane pre-load in plane pre load in-plane shear in plane shear in-plane stiffness in plane stiffnes in-plane strains in plane strain in-plane stress in plane stress in-plane stretching in plane stretching in-plane structures in plane structure in-plane vibration in plane vibration input and outputs input and outputs input third-order intercept points input third order intercept point input voltages input voltage input-output characteristics input output characteristic insect cells insect cells insecticides insecticide insertion losses insertion loss insertion reactions insertion reaction in-silico in silico in-situ in situ in-situ analysis in situ analysis in-situ annealing in situ annealing in-situ characterization in situ characterization in-situ chemical oxidations in situ chemical oxidation in-situ chemical polymerization in situ chemical polymerization in-situ chemical reactions in situ chemical reaction in-situ cleaning in situ cleaning in-situ construction in situ construction in-situ crystallization in situ crystallization in-situ deposition in situ deposition in-situ doping in situ doping in-situ electron microscopy in situ electron microscopy in-situ emulsion polymerization in situ emulsion polymerization in-situ etching in situ etching in-situ experiments in situ experiment in-situ fabrication in situ fabrication in-situ formations in situ formation in-situ growth in situ growth in-situ heating in situ heating in-situ hybridization in situ hybridization in-situ investigations in situ investigation in-situ measurement in situ measurement in-situ methods in situ method in-situ microscopies in situ microscopy in-situ monitoring in situ monitoring in-situ observations in situ observation in-situ oxidation in situ oxidation in-situ polymerization in situ polymerization in-situ polymerization process in situ polymerization process in-situ precipitation in situ precipitation in-situ preparations in situ preparation in-situ production in situ production in-situ raman spectroscopy in situ raman spectroscopy in-situ reactions in situ reaction in-situ reduction in situ reduction in-situ scanning tunneling microscopies in situ scanning tunneling microscopy in-situ sem in situ sem in-situ study in situ study in-situ synchrotrons in situ synchrotron in-situ synthesis in situ synthesis in-situ synthesized in situ synthesized in-situ tem in situ tem in-situ thermal decomposition in situ thermal decomposition in-situ transmission in situ transmission in-situ transmission electron microscopies in situ transmission electron microscopy in-situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy in situ x ray absorption spectroscopy in-situ x-ray diffraction in situ x ray diffraction insoluble materials insoluble material instability problems instability problem instrumental methods instrumental method instrumental techniques instrumental technique instruments instruments insulating bands insulating band insulating barriers insulating barrier insulating glass insulating glass insulating layers insulating layer insulating materials insulating material insulating particles insulating particle insulating properties insulating property insulating substrates insulating substrate insulating surfaces insulating surface insulation layers insulation layer insulator films insulator film insulator materials insulator material insulator substrates insulator substrate insulator surfaces insulator surface insulator thickness insulator thickness insulator-semiconductor transitions insulator semiconductor transition insulator-superconductor insulator superconductor insulator-to-metal transitions insulator to metal transition integral components integral component integral equations integral equation integral procedure decomposition temperatures integral procedure decomposition temperature integrated antennas integrated antenna integrated applications integrated application integrated circuit designs integrated circuit design integrated circuit interconnects integrated circuit interconnects integrated circuits integrated circuit integrated circuits (ics) integrated circuit integrated electrodes integrated electrode integrated electronics integrated electronic integrated energy storages integrated energy storage integrated intensities integrated intensity integrated materials integrated material integrated nanostructures integrated nanostructure integrated optical devices integrated optical device integrated optics integrated optic integrated optoelectronics integrated optoelectronic integrated photonic devices integrated photonic device integrated photonics integrated photonics integrated solutions integrated solution integrated systems integrated system integrated waveguides integrated waveguide integrated-power-sheet integrated power sheet integration process integration process integration structures integration structure integrins integrin integrins integrin integrodifferential equations integrodifferential equation intelligent agents intelligent agent intelligent materials intelligent material intelligent mechatronics intelligent mechatronics intelligent systems intelligent system intense electron beams intense electron beam intensity levels intensity level intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (imps) intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy intensity modulations intensity modulation intensity profiles intensity profile intensity ratios intensity ratio intensity-dependent intensity dependent intensity-modulated intensity modulated intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopies intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy intensive researche intensive research intensive researches intensive research inter layer interactions inter layer interaction interacting electrons interacting electron interacting layers interacting layer interacting molecules interacting molecule interaction effects interaction effect interaction energies interaction energy interaction forces interaction force interaction mechanisms interaction mechanism interaction parameters interaction parameter interaction potentials interaction potential interaction process interaction process interaction properties interaction property interaction strengths interaction strength interaction systems interaction system interactions interaction inter-assay coefficients inter assay coefficient interatomic bonds interatomic bond inter-atomic distances inter atomic distance interatomic forces interatomic force interatomic interactions interatomic interaction interband and intraband transitions interband and intraband transition inter-band excitations inter band excitation inter-band transition inter band transition interband transitions interband transition inter-band transitions inter band transition intercalants intercalant intercalate intercalated intercalated composites intercalated composite intercalated compounds intercalated compound intercalated species intercalated specy intercalated structures intercalated structure intercalating agents intercalating agent intercalation compounds intercalation compound intercalation kinetics intercalation kinetic intercalation materials intercalation material intercalation mechanisms intercalation mechanism intercalation methods intercalation method intercalation process intercalation process intercalation properties intercalation property intercalation sites intercalation site intercalations intercalation intercalators intercalator interchain interactions interchain interaction interchip communications interchip communication interconnect interconnects interconnect applications interconnect application interconnect materials interconnect material interconnect networks interconnect network interconnect structures interconnect structure interconnect systems interconnect system interconnected pore networks interconnected pore network interconnected pores interconnected pore interconnected structures interconnected structure interconnection networks interconnection network interconnections interconnection interconnectors interconnectors interconnects interconnects interconversions interconversion interdigital structures interdigital structure interdigitated capacitors interdigitated capacitor interdigitated electrode arrays interdigitated electrode array interdigitated electrodes interdigitated electrode inter-digitated electrodes inter digitated electrode interdigitated microelectrodes interdigitated microelectrode inter-digitated transducers inter digitated transducer interface bonds interface bond interface characters interface character interface compatibilities interface compatibility interface couplings interface coupling interface defects interface defect interface designs interface design interface layers interface layer interface materials interface material interface potentials interface potential interface problems interface problem interface reactions interface reaction interface regions interface region interface roughness interface roughness interface stabilities interface stability interface states interface state interface structures interface structure interface tailorings interface tailoring interface traps interface tra interface/interphases interface/interphase interfaces interface interfacial adhesions interfacial adhesion interfacial areas interfacial area interfacial barriers interfacial barrier interfacial behaviors interfacial behavior interfacial bond interfacial bonding interfacial bonds interfacial bonding interfacial characteristics interfacial characteristic interfacial chemicals interfacial chemical interfacial conditions interfacial condition interfacial connections interfacial connection interfacial couplings interfacial coupling interfacial dipoles interfacial dipole interfacial dynamics interfacial dynamic interfacial effects interfacial effect interfacial enhancements interfacial enhancement interfacial features interfacial feature interfacial force fields interfacial force field interfacial forces interfacial force interfacial interactions interfacial interaction interfacial mechanical properties interfacial mechanical property interfacial morphologies interfacial morphology interfacial nanobubbles interfacial oxide layers interfacial oxide layer interfacial oxides interfacial oxide interfacial polarisation interfacial polarization interfacial process interfacial process interfacial properties interfacial property interfacial qualities interfacial quality interfacial resistances interfacial resistance interfacial self assemblies interfacial self assembly interfacial self-assembly interfacial self assembly interfacial shear stress interfacial shear stress interfacial stabilities interfacial stability interfacial stress interfacial stress interfacial structures interfacial structure interfacial systems interfacial system interfacial thermodynamics interfacial thermodynamic interfacial water molecules interfacial water molecule interference characteristics interference characteristic interference devices interference device interference effects interference effect interference mechanisms interference mechanism interference methods interference method interference patterns interference pattern interferents interferents interfering compounds interfering compound interfering species interfering specy interfering substances interfering substance interferometer interferometers interferometers interferometers interferon-gamma interferon gamma inter-grain inter grain interlaminar fracture toughness interlaminar fracture toughness inter-laminar shear strengths inter laminar shear strength interlayer bonds interlayer bond inter-layer dielectrics inter layer dielectric interlayer distances interlayer distance interlayer interactions interlayer interaction interlayer spaces interlayer space interlayer spacing interlayer spacings interlayer spacings interlayer spacings inter-layers inter layer interleukin-6 interleukin 6 intermediate fields intermediate field intermediate frequencies intermediate frequency intermediate frequency signals intermediate frequency signal intermediate layers intermediate layer intermediate regimes intermediate regime intermediate structures intermediate structure intermediate temperatures intermediate temperature intermetallics intermetallics inter-modulation components inter modulation component inter-modulation products inter modulation product intermolecular complexes intermolecular complex intermolecular forces intermolecular force inter-molecular forces inter molecular force intermolecular h-bonding intermolecular h bonding intermolecular hydrogen bond intermolecular hydrogen bonding intermolecular hydrogen bonds intermolecular hydrogen bonding intermolecular interaction energies intermolecular interaction energy intermolecular interactions intermolecular interaction intermolecular spacings intermolecular spacings internal cavities internal cavity internal combustion engines internal combustion engine internal defects internal defect internal electric fields internal electric field internal energies internal energy internal layers internal layer internal mixers internal mixer internal photoemission effects internal photoemission effect internal pores internal pore internal standards internal standards internal strains internal strains international conferences international conference international technology roadmap for semiconductors international technology roadmap for semiconductor internet of things internet of things internet protocols internet protocol inter-particle coupling inter particle coupling interparticle distances interparticle distance inter-particle interaction inter particle interaction inter-particle spacing inter particle spacing interpenetrating polymer networks interpenetrating polymer network interpenetrating polymers interpenetrating polymer interphase regions interphase region interphase thickness interphase thickness interplanar spacings interplanar spacings intersections intersection inter-site coulomb interactions inter site coulomb interaction interstellar mediums interstellar medium interstitial clusters interstitial cluster interstitial defects interstitial defect interstitial sites interstitial site interstitials interstitials intersubband optical transitions intersubband optical transition intersubband transitions intersubband transition intervalley scatterings intervalley scattering intestinal barriers intestinal barrier intra-atomic intra atomic intraband absorptions intraband absorption intraband transitions intraband transition intracavities intracavity intracellular compartments intracellular compartments intracellular levels intracellular level intra-layer intra layer intralayer couplings intralayer coupling intra-molecular charge transfer intra molecular charge transfer intra-molecular electron transfer intra molecular electron transfer intramolecular interactions intramolecular interaction intramolecular junctions intramolecular junction intra-particle diffusion intra particle diffusion intraparticle diffusion models intraparticle diffusion model intravenous injections intravenous injection intriguing questions intriguing question intrinsic absorptions intrinsic absorption intrinsic activities intrinsic activity intrinsic characteristics intrinsic characteristic intrinsic defects intrinsic defect intrinsic differences intrinsic difference intrinsic electronics intrinsic electronic intrinsic features intrinsic feature intrinsic loss intrinsic loss intrinsic mechanisms intrinsic mechanism intrinsic properties intrinsic property intrinsic semiconductors intrinsic semiconductor intrinsic spin-orbit couplings intrinsic spin orbit coupling intrinsic structures intrinsic structure intrinsic surfaces intrinsic surface intrinsic symmetries intrinsic symmetry intrinsic voltage gains intrinsic voltage gains in-tube solid phase microextraction in tube solid phase microextraction in-vacuum in vacuum inverse problems inverse problem inverse proportions inverse proportion inversion layers inversion layer inversion symmetries inversion symmetry inverted organic solar cells inverted organic solar cells inverted polymer solar cells inverted polymer solar cells inverted repeat sequences inverted repeat sequence inverted solar cells inverted solar cells in-vessel retention in vessel retention investigate effects investigate effect investigative procedures investigative procedure investment investments investments investments invisibility cloaking invisibility cloaks invisibility cloaks invisibility cloaks in-vitro in vitro in-vitro assays in vitro assay in-vitro bioactivity in vitro bioactivity in-vitro evaluation in vitro evaluation in-vitro tests in vitro test in-vivo in vivo in-vivo imaging in vivo imaging iodide/tri-iodide iodide/tri iodide iodides iodide iodine atoms iodine atom ion batteries ion battery ion beams ion beam ion channels ion channel ion concentrations ion concentration ion conduction ion conducting ion conductivities ion conductivity ion distributions ion distribution ion energies ion energy ion exchange mechanisms ion exchange mechanism ion exchange membranes ion exchange membrane ion exchange process ion exchange process ion exchange reactions ion exchange reaction ion exchange resins ion exchange resin ion exchangers ion exchange ion exchangers ion exchange ion fluences ion fluence ion fluxes ion flux ion gel ion gels ion gels ion gels ion intensities ion intensity ion interactions ion interaction ion microscopes ion microscopy ion mobility spectrometers ion mobility spectrometers ion pairs ion pair ion precursors ion precursor ion selective electrodes ion selective electrode ion selective membranes ion selective membrane ion sensitive field effect transistors ion sensitive field effect transistor ion sensitive sensors ion sensitive sensor ion sensitivities ion sensitivity ion sources ion source ion strengths ion strength ion systems ion system ion transports ion transport ion-conducting ion conducting ion-dipole interactions ion dipole interaction ion-exchange methods ion exchange method ion-exchanged waveguides ion exchanged waveguide ionic bond ionic bonding ionic bonds ionic bonding ionic channels ionic channel ionic clusters ionic cluster ionic concentrations ionic concentration ionic conduction in solids ionic conduction in solid ionic electrolytes ionic electrolyte ionic interactions ionic interaction ionic liquid (il) ionic liquid ionic liquid (ils) ionic liquid ionic liquid composites ionic liquid composite ionic liquid electrolytes ionic liquid electrolyte ionic liquid matrices ionic liquid matrix ionic liquids ionic liquid ionic polymer actuators ionic polymer actuator ionic polymer-metal composite actuators ionic polymer metal composite actuator ionic self assembly ionic self assembly ionic self- assembly ionic self assembly ionic self-assembly ionic self assembly ionic solutions ionic solution ionic species ionic specy ionic surfactants ionic surfactant ionic transports ionic transport ion-induced defects ion induced defect ionizable groups ionizable group ionization mechanisms ionization mechanism ionization of gases ionization of gas ionization of liquids ionization of liquid ionization process ionization process ionized impurities ionized impurity ionomers ionomers ionophores ionophore ions ion ion-selective electrodes ion selective electrode ion-sensitive fets ion sensitive fet ion-sensors ion sensor ion-transport ion transport ir bands ir band ir measurements ir measurement ir photodetectors ir photodetectors ir wavelengths ir wavelength iras iras iridium atoms iridium atom iridium compounds iridium compound iridium nanoparticles iridium nanoparticle iron alloys iron alloy iron atoms iron atom iron carbides iron carbide iron chlorides iron chloride iron compounds iron compound iron concentrations iron concentration iron cores iron core iron fluorides iron fluoride iron hydroxides iron hydroxide iron ions iron ion iron nanoparticles iron nanoparticle iron nitride nanoparticles iron nitride nanoparticle iron nitrides iron nitride iron ores iron ore iron oxide nanoparticles (ionps) iron oxide nanoparticle iron oxide particles iron oxide particle iron oxides iron oxide iron particles iron particle iron phthalocyanines iron phthalocyanine iron precursors iron precursor iron salts iron salt iron sources iron source iron species iron specy iron-based iron based iron-based catalyst iron based catalyst iron-based fluorides iron based fluoride iron-porphyrin iron porphyrin iron-tetrasulfophthalocyanine iron tetrasulfophthalocyanine irradiated samples irradiated sample irradiation conditions irradiation condition irradiation parameters irradiation parameter irradiation process irradiation process irradiation-induced defects irradiation induced defect irreducible representations irreducible representation irreversibility fields irreversibility field irreversible aggregate irreversible aggregation irreversible aggregates irreversible aggregation irreversible capacity loss irreversible capacity loss irreversible process irreversible process irreversible reactions irreversible reaction isna-15 isna 15 isobaric thermal expansivities isobaric thermal expansivity isobaric-isothermal isobaric isothermal iso-conversional method iso conversional method iso-electric points iso electric point isolated molecules isolated molecule isolation techniques isolation technique isomer isomers isomers isomers iso-propanols iso propanol iso-propoxide iso propoxide isopropyl alcohols isopropyl alcohol isosteric heats isosteric heats isosteric heats of adsorption isosteric heat of adsorption isosteric heats of adsorptions isosteric heat of adsorption isotactic poly(propylene) (ipp) isotactic polypropylene isotherm studies isotherm study isothermal amplifications isothermal amplification isothermal conditions isothermal condition isothermal crystallization kinetics isothermal crystallization kinetic isotherms isotherm isotherms and thermodynamics isotherm and thermodynamic isothiocyanates isothiocyanate isotopes isotope isotopic effects isotopic effect isotropic behaviors isotropic behavior isotropic materials isotropic material isotropic models isotropic model isotropic plates isotropic plate isotropic solids isotropic solid isotropic-nematic phase transitions isotropic nematic phase transition isotropic-nematic transitions isotropic nematic transitions issues and challenges issues and challenge iterative methods iterative method itinerant electrons itinerant electron ito indium tin oxide ito (indium tin oxide) indium tin oxide ito based device indium tin oxide based device ito electrode indium tin oxide electrode ito electrodes indium tin oxide electrode ito film indium tin oxide film ito films indium tin oxide film ito glass indium tin oxide glass ito glass indium tin oxide glass ito-based device indium tin oxide based device itrs itrs its applications its application its efficiencies its efficiency i-v behavior i v behavior i-v characteristic curve i v characteristic curve iv characteristics iv characteristic i-v characteristics i v characteristic i-v measurements i v measurement jahn-teller jahn teller jahn-teller effect jahn teller effect janus tectons janus tectons java 3d java3d jet pressures jet pressure jets jet joining process joining process joint prosthese joint prosthesis joint prostheses joint prosthesis josephson effects josephson effect josephson junction devices josephson junction device josephson junctions josephson junction josephson-junction josephson junction junction capacitances junction capacitance junction devices junction device junction interfaces junction interface junction parameters junction parameter junction properties junction property junction resistances junction resistance junction temperatures junction temperature junctions junction j-v characteristics j v characteristic k points k point k562 cells k562 cells kanamycins kanamycin k-doped k doped keggin-type keggin type kelvin probe force microscopy (kpfm) kelvin probe force microscopy kelvin probe measurements kelvin probe measurement kerr constants kerr constant kerr-type nonlinear media kerr type nonlinear media ketones ketone kevlar fibers kevlar fiber key characteristics key characteristic key elements key element key factors key factor key issues key issue key materials key material key parameters key parameter key process key process key reactions key reaction key technologies key technology key topics key topics keypoints keypoints keywords keywords graphene kinematics kinematics kinetic analysis kinetic analysis kinetic and thermodynamic parameters kinetic and thermodynamic parameter kinetic and thermodynamic studies kinetic and thermodynamic study kinetic characteristics kinetic characteristic kinetic currents kinetic current kinetic curves kinetic curve kinetic energy distributions kinetic energy distribution kinetic equations kinetic equation kinetic factors kinetic factor kinetic inductances kinetic inductance kinetic investigations kinetic investigation kinetic limitations kinetic limitation kinetic modeling kinetic model kinetic models kinetic model kinetic parameters kinetic parameter kinetic process kinetic process kinetic properties kinetic property kinetic rate constants kinetic rate constant kinetic studies kinetic study kinetic theory of gases kinetic theory of gas kinetics kinetic kinetics and thermodynamics kinetic and thermodynamic kinetics models kinetic model kinetics studies kinetic study kink kinks kinks kinks kirchhoff plate models kirchhoff plate model kirchhoff plates kirchhoff plate kirkendall effects kirkendall effect kissinger methods kissinger method kittel equations kittel equation klitzing constants klitzing constant knit fabrics knit fabrics knowledge based systems knowledge based system kohn anomalies kohn anomalie kohn anomaly kohn anomalie kohn-sham levels kohn sham level kohn-sham orbitals kohn sham orbital kondo impurities kondo impurity kondo resonances kondo resonance kondo temperatures kondo temperature korringa relations korringa relation kosterlitz thouless kosterlitz thouless kosterlitz-thouless kosterlitz thouless kosterlitz-thouless phase transition kosterlitz thouless phase transition kosterlitz-thouless transitions kosterlitz thouless transition k-point k point kronig-penney models kronig penney model k-space k space ku-band ku band kubo formulas kubo formula kubo-greenwood formalism kubo greenwood formalism kubo-greenwood formula kubo greenwood formula kubo's formula kubo formula k-values k value lab on chip system lab on a chip system label free biosensing label free biosensor label free sensing label free sensor label-free label free label-free assays label free assay label-free biosensing label free biosensor label-free biosensor label free biosensor label-free detection label free detection label-free electrochemical immunosensor label free electrochemical immunosensor label-free immunosensor label free immunosensor label-free sensing label free sensor label-free sensors label free sensor labels labels lable-free lable free lab-on-a-chip lab on a chip lab-on-a-chip devices lab on a chip device lab-on-a-chip systems lab on a chip system lab-on-chip lab on chip lab-on-chip systems lab on a chip system lab-on-paper lab on paper laboratories laboratory laboratory conditions laboratory condition laboratory environments laboratory environment laboratory equipments laboratory equipments laboratory measurements laboratory measurement laccases laccase lactamases lactamase lactobacillus acidophilus lactobacillus acidophilus lactoglobulins lactoglobulins lactols lactols ladders ladder lagrange multipliers lagrange multipliers lake water samples lake water sample lake waters lake water lakes lake lambert-beer law lambert beer law lamellar compounds lamellar compound lamellar crystals lamellar crystal lamellar films lamellar film lamellar structures lamellar structure laminar premixed flames laminar premixed flame laminate composites laminate composite laminate films laminate film laminate structures laminate structure laminated composites laminated composite laminated structures laminated structure laminates laminate lamination process lamination process lammps lammps lamn1-xcoxo3 lamn lamn1-xcoxo3 lamn1 xcoxo3 landau level crossings landau level crossings landau level filling factors landau level filling factor landau levels landau level landauer formalisms landauer formalism landforms landform langevin dynamics langevin dynamic langmuir langmuirs langmuir adsorption isotherms langmuir adsorption isotherm langmuir and freundlich isotherm models langmuir and freundlich isotherm model langmuir and freundlich isotherms langmuir and freundlich isotherm langmuir blodgett films langmuir blodgett film langmuir blodgett techniques langmuir blodgett technique langmuir isotherm models langmuir isotherm model langmuir kinetics langmuir kinetic langmuir models langmuir model langmuir monolayers langmuir monolayer langmuir-blodgett langmuir blodgett langmuir-blodgett assembly langmuir blodgett assembly langmuir-blodgett deposition langmuir blodgett deposition langmuir-blodgett films langmuir blodgett film langmuir-blodgett method langmuir blodgett method langmuir-blodgett methods langmuir blodgett method langmuir-blodgett monolayers langmuir blodgett monolayer langmuir-blodgett technique langmuir blodgett technique langmuir-hinshelwood langmuir hinshelwood langmuir-hinshelwood models langmuir hinshelwood model langmuirs langmuirs langmuir-type adsorption langmuir type adsorption lanthanum alloys lanthanum alloy lanthanum compounds lanthanum compound lanthanum oxides lanthanum oxide laplace transforms laplace transform laplace's equations laplace's equation laptop computers laptop computers large aggregates large aggregate large amounts large amounts large amplitude vibrations large amplitude vibration large area devices large area device large area synthesis large area synthesis large arrays large array large class large class large clusters large cluster large defects large defect large deformations large deformation large dimensions large dimension large displacements large displacement large emission currents large emission current large hysteresis large hysteresis large particle sizes large particle size large particles large particle large parts large parts large pores large pore large regions large region large rotation angles large rotation angle large scale productions large scale production large scale simulations large scale simulation large scale synthesis large scale synthesis large scale systems large scale system large shifts large shift large sizes large size large specific surface areas large specific surface area large strains large strains large structures large structure large surface areas large surface area large surfaces large surface large volumes large volume large-amplitude vibration large amplitude vibration large-area large area large-area coating large area coating large-area deposition large area deposition large-area electronics large area electronic large-area graphene large area graphene large-area optoelectronics large area optoelectronic large-area patterning large area patterning large-area substrates large area substrate large-diameter large diameter large-grain large grain large-grain graphene large grain graphene larger fields larger field large-scale large scale large-scale applications large scale application large-scale arrays large scale array large-scale calculation large scale calculation large-scale fabrication large scale fabrication large-scale manufacturing large scale manufacturing large-scale molecular dynamics large scale molecular dynamic large-scale processing large scale processing large-scale production large scale production large-scale productions large scale production large-scale structure large scale structure large-scale synthesis large scale synthesis large-signals large signal large-volume manufacturing large volume manufacturing l-arginine l arginine l-ascorbic acid l ascorbic acid laser applications laser application laser beam effects laser beam effect laser beams laser beam laser characteristics laser characteristic laser desorption/ionization (ldi) laser desorption/ionization laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometries laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry laser diagnostics laser diagnostic laser energies laser energy laser fields laser field laser flash photolysis laser flash photolysis laser flash techniques laser flash technique laser fluences laser fluence laser intensities laser intensity laser irradiations laser irradiation laser lights laser lights laser lines laser line laser materials laser material laser micromachining laser micro machining laser micro-machining laser micro machining laser mirrors laser mirrors laser modes laser mode laser operations laser operation laser optics laser optic laser oscillators laser oscillators laser photolysis laser photolysis laser photon energies laser photon energy laser process laser process laser processing laser process laser produced plasmas laser produced plasma laser pulses laser pulse laser pyrolysis laser pyrolysis laser resonators laser resonators laser shocks laser shocks laser sintered laser sintering laser sources laser source laser spots laser spots laser synthesis laser synthesis laser systems laser system laser technologies laser technology laser-assisted laser assisted laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition laser assisted chemical vapor deposition laser-assisted chemical vapor depositions laser assisted chemical vapor deposition laser-based laser based laser-based methods laser based method laser-based techniques laser based technique laser-diode-pumped laser diode pumped laser-energy dispersion laser energy dispersion laser-induced chemical vapor deposition laser induced chemical vapor deposition laser-induced deposition laser induced deposition laser-induced heating laser induced heating laser-induced reduction laser induced reduction laser-induced transformations laser induced transformation laser-induced ultrasound laser induced ultrasound laser-material interactions laser material interaction laser-matter interaction laser matter interaction laser-matter interactions laser matter interaction laser-pulse energy laser pulse energy lasers laser lasers, solid-state lasers, solid state lasing emissions lasing emission lateral confinements lateral confinement lateral confinements lateral confinement lateral currents lateral current lateral dimensions lateral dimension lateral directions lateral direction lateral displacements lateral displacement lateral interactions lateral interaction lateral shifts lateral shift lateral sizes lateral size lateral slots lateral slots lateral variations lateral variation latex particles latex particle latex technologies latex technology latexes latexe lattice (co) lattice lattice atoms lattice atom lattice constants lattice constant lattice defects lattice defect lattice disorders lattice disorder lattice distortions lattice distortion lattice dynamics lattice dynamic lattice fringes lattice fringe lattice images lattice image lattice match lattice matching lattice matched lattice matching lattice mismatched lattice mismatch lattice model lattice modeling lattice models lattice modelomg lattice orientations lattice orientation lattice parameters lattice parameter lattice periods lattice periods lattice phonons lattice phonon lattice points lattice point lattice positions lattice position lattice rotations lattice rotation lattice sites lattice site lattice structures lattice structure lattice temperatures lattice temperature lattice vectors lattice vectors lattice vibrations lattice vibration lattice-matched lattice matching lattice-mismatched lattice mismatching layer by layer (lbl) layer by layer layer by layer (lbl) assembly layer by layer assembly layer by layer analysis layer by layer analysis layer by layer nano self assemblies layer by layer nano self assembly layer controls layer control layer interfaces layer interface layer microstructures layer microstructure layer spacings layer spacings layer structures layer structure layer thickness layer thickness layer transfer process layer transfer process layer-by layer mode layer by layer mode layer-by-layer layer by layer layer-by-layer adsorption layer by layer adsorption layer-by-layer analysis layer by layer analysis layer-by-layer approaches layer by layer approach layer-by-layer assemblies layer by layer assembly layer-by-layer assembly layer by layer assembly layer-by-layer assembly technique layer by layer assembly technique layer-by-layer fabrication layer by layer fabrication layer-by-layer films layer by layer film layer-by-layer growth layer by layer growth layer-by-layer methods layer by layer method layer-by-layer self assembly layer by layer self assembly layer-by-layer self-assembly layer by layer self assembly layer-by-layer self-assembly method layer by layer self assembly method layer-by-layer self-assembly technique layer by layer self assembly technique layer-by-layer structure layer by layer structure layer-by-layer techniques layer by layer technique layer-by-layer technologies layer by layer technology layer-by-layer thin films layer by layer thin film layer-by-layers layer by layer layered chalcogenides layered chalcogenide layered composites layered composite layered compounds layered compound layered crystals layered crystal layered double hydroxide nanosheets layered double hydroxide nanosheet layered double hydroxide(s) (ldhs) layered double hydroxide layered double hydroxides layered double hydroxide layered double hydroxides (ldh) layered double hydroxide layered films layered film layered interfaces layered interface layered materials layered material layered medium green's functions layered medium green's function layered nanocomposites layered nanocomposite layered oxides layered oxide layered semiconductors layered semiconductor layered solids layered solid layered structures layered structure layered systems layered system layered transition metal dichalcogenides layered transition metal dichalcogenide layers layer layer-tunable layer tunable lb films lb film lbl self assemblies lbl self assembly lc ms lc ms lc ms/ms lc ms/ms lc-ms lc ms lc-ms/ms lc ms/ms lcr meters lcr meters l-cysteine l cysteine lda and gga functionals lda and gga functionals l-dopa l dopa lead acid batteries lead acid battery lead and cadmiums lead and cadmiums lead compounds lead compound lead free solders lead free solder lead free solders lead free solder lead ions lead ion lead-free lead free lead-free solder lead free solder lead-free solders lead free solder leakage currents leakage current leaky waves leaky wave learning algorithms learning algorithm learning from natures learning from nature least squares analysis least squares analysis least squares approximations least squares approximation least squares methods least squares method least-squares analysis least squares analysis lectins lectin lectins lectin led leds leed patterns leed pattern length distributions length distribution length scale effects length scale effect length-scale length scale length-to-width ratio length to width ratio lennard jones lennard jone lennard-jones potential lennard jones potential lenses lense level of integrations level of integration level spacings level spacing level spacings level spacing level-shifting level shifting lewis acid catalysts lewis acid catalyst lewis acid-base lewis acid base lewis acid-base interaction lewis acid base interaction l-glutamate l glutamate l-glutamic acid l glutamic acid l-glutamic acids l glutamic acid li lithium li adsorption lithium adsorption li adsorptions lithium adsorption li air battery lithium air battery li atom lithium atom li atoms lithium atom li batteries lithium battery li battery lithium battery li decoration lithium decoration li deposition lithium deposition li diffusion lithium diffusion li doped graphene lithium doped graphene li insertion lithium insertion li insertion/extraction lithium insertion/extraction li intercalation lithium intercalation li ion lithium ion li ion batteries lithium ion battery li ion batteries anode lithium ion batteries anode li ion battery lithium ion battery li ion battery electrode lithium ion battery electrode li ion capacitor lithium ion capacitor li ion cell lithium ion cell li ion cells li ion cells li ion chemistry lithium ion chemistry li ion insertion lithium ion insertion li ion secondary battery lithium ion secondary battery li ion storage lithium ion storage li metal lithium metal li o 2 battery lithium o 2 battery li o 2 battery lithium o 2 battery li o2 battery lithium o 2 battery li rechargeable batteries lithium rechargeable battery li rechargeable battery lithium rechargeable battery li rich lithium rich li s battery lithium s battery li storage lithium storage li storage property lithium storage property li/s batteries li/s battery li-air batteries lithium air battery li-air battery lithium air battery li-battery lithium battery li-decoration lithium decoration li-doped graphene lithium doped graphene life cycle analysis life cycle analysis life cycle assessment (lca) life cycle assessment lifepo 4 lifepo4 lifepo 4 lifepo4 lifepo4/c lifepo4 life-sciences life science lifetime measurements lifetime measurement life-times life time lift off process lift off process lift-off process lift off process ligand ligands ligand exchange reactions ligand exchange reaction ligand exchanges ligand exchange ligand-free ligand free ligand-receptor interactions ligand receptor interaction ligands ligands light absorbers light absorbers light atoms light atom light confinements light confinements light elements light element light emitters light emitters light emitting devices light emitting device light emitting diodes light emitting diode light emitting layers light emitting layer light emitting materials light emitting material light irradiations light irradiation light metals light metal light modulators light modulator light pulse generators light pulse generator light sensitive materials light sensitive material light sources light source light wavelengths light wavelength light-emitting device light emitting device light-emitting devices light emitting device light-emitting diode light emitting diode light-emitting diodes light emitting diode light-emitting efficiency light emitting efficiency light-emitting electrochemical cell light emitting electrochemical cell light-emitting performance light emitting performance light-harvesting light harvesting light-induced light induced light-induced electron transfer light induced electron transfer lighting applications lighting application light-matter coupling light matter coupling light-matter interaction light matter interaction light-matter interactions light matter interaction lightning strikes lightning strike light-trapping light trapping lightweight materials lightweight material lignocellulosic biomass lignocellulosic biomass lignosulfonates lignosulfonate li-ion lithium ion li-ion batteries lithium ion battery li-ion batteries anodes lithium ion batteries anode li-ion battery lithium ion battery li-ion battery electrodes lithium ion battery electrode li-ion capacitor lithium ion capacitor li-ion capacitors lithium ion capacitor li-ion cells lithium ion cell li-ion chemistry lithium ion chemistry li-ion insertion lithium ion insertion li-ion secondary batteries lithium ion secondary battery like-charged colloids like charged colloid limit of quantifications limit of quantification limit of quantitations limit of quantitation limit values limit value limiting factors limiting factor limiting values limiting value line defects line defect line edge roughness line edge roughness line shape analysis line shape analysis line widths line widths linear alkanes linear alkane linear and nonlinear optical properties linear and nonlinear optical property linear approximations linear approximation linear arrangements linear arrangements linear arrays linear array linear atomic chains linear atomic chain linear combination of atomic orbitals linear combination of atomic orbital linear combination operators linear combination operators linear combinations linear combination linear control systems linear control system linear controls linear control linear currents linear current linear detection ranges linear detection range linear dimensions linear dimension linear dispersion relations linear dispersion relation linear dispersions linear dispersion linear dynamic ranges linear dynamic range linear dynamics linear dynamic linear electronics linear electronic linear energies linear energy linear equations linear equation linear functions linear function linear integrated circuits linear integrated circuit linear low density polyethylenes linear low density polyethylene linear mixers linear mixer linear models linear model linear optical properties linear optical property linear relation linear relationhips linear relationships linear relationhips linear structures linear structure linear thermal expansion coefficients linear thermal expansion coefficient linear transformations linear transformation linear vibrations linear vibration linear-elastic fracture mechanics linear elastic fracture mechanic linear-elastic plates linear elastic plate linearly polarized lasers linearly polarized laser linearly-polarized radiations linearly polarized radiation linear-response approaches linear response approach linear-response theory linear response theory linear-scan voltammetry linear scan voltammetry linear-shift linear shift line-edge-roughness (ler) line edge roughness lini0.5mn1.5o4 lini 0.5 mn 1.5 o 4 linker molecules linker molecule li-o2 batteries li o2 battery li-o2 battery li o2 battery li-o2 batteries lithium o2 battery li-o2 battery lithium o2 battery lipases lipase lipid bilayer membranes lipid bilayer membrane lipid bilayers lipid bilayer lipid membranes lipid membrane lipids lipids lipopolysaccharides lipopolysaccharide lipoproteins lipoprotein liposomes liposome liquefied gases liquefied gas liquefied petroleum gas liquefied petroleum gas liquid alcohols liquid alcohol liquid cells liquid cells liquid chromatography - mass spectrometries liquid chromatography mass spectrometry liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (lc ms/ms) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry liquid chromatography-diode array detection liquid chromatography diode array detection liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection liquid chromatography fluorescence detection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry liquid containers liquid containers liquid crystal cells liquid crystal cells liquid crystal devices liquid crystal device liquid crystal displays liquid crystal displays liquid crystal phasis liquid crystal phase liquid crystal phasis liquid crystal phase liquid crystal polymers liquid crystal polymer liquid crystalline elastomers liquid crystalline elastomers liquid crystalline phasis liquid crystalline phasis liquid crystalline properties liquid crystalline property liquid crystals liquid crystal liquid crystals (lcs) liquid crystal liquid dispersions liquid dispersion liquid droplets liquid droplets liquid electrolytes liquid electrolyte liquid exfoliations liquid exfoliation liquid films liquid film liquid fuels liquid fuel liquid hydrocarbons liquid hydrocarbon liquid media liquid medium liquid membranes liquid membrane liquid metals liquid metal liquid molecules liquid molecule liquid monomers liquid monomer liquid nanodroplets liquid nanodroplets liquid petroleum gasses (lpg) liquid petroleum gasses liquid phase depositions (lpd) liquid phase depositions liquid phase synthesis liquid phase synthesis liquid phasis liquid phasis liquid polymers liquid polymer liquid precursors liquid precursor liquid structures liquid structure liquid-air interface liquid air interface liquid-crystalline phasis liquid crystalline phasis liquid-gated transistors liquid gated transistor liquid-liquid interface liquid liquid interface liquid-liquid interfaces liquid liquid interface liquid-liquid separation liquid liquid separation liquid-liquids liquid liquid liquid-phase liquid phase liquid-phase degradation liquid phase degradation liquid-phase exfoliation liquid phase exfoliation liquid-phase hydrogenation liquid phase hydrogenation liquid-phase method liquid phase method liquid-phase oxidation liquid phase oxidation liquid-phase processing liquid phase processing liquid-phase reaction liquid phase reaction liquid-phase synthesis liquid phase synthesis liquids liquid liquid-solid interface structure liquid solid interface structure liquid-solid interfaces liquid solid interface liquid-solid phase transition liquid solid phase transition li-rich lithium rich li-s batteries lithium s battery li-s battery lithium s battery listeria monocytogenes listeria monocytogene li-storage lithium storage li-storage properties lithium storage property literature review literature reviews lithium alloys lithium alloy lithium atoms lithium atom lithium batteries lithium battery lithium battery applications lithium battery application lithium battery cathodes lithium battery cathode lithium cations lithium cation lithium cells lithium cells lithium compounds lithium compound lithium insertions lithium insertion lithium intercalation/de-intercalation lithium intercalation/de intercalation lithium ion batteries lithium ion battery lithium ion battery cathodes lithium ion battery cathode lithium ion capacitors lithium ion capacitor lithium ion cells lithium ion cells lithium ion intercalations lithium ion intercalation lithium ion rechargeable batteries lithium ion rechargeable battery lithium ion secondary batteries lithium ion secondary battery lithium ion storages lithium ion storage lithium ions lithium ion lithium iron phosphates lithium iron phosphate lithium irons lithium irons lithium manganates lithium manganate lithium manganese phosphates lithium manganese phosphate lithium metals lithium metal lithium oxides lithium oxide lithium oxygen batteries lithium oxygen battery lithium rechargeable batteries lithium rechargeable battery lithium secondary batteries lithium secondary battery lithium storage capacities lithium storage capacity lithium storage properties lithium storage property lithium storages lithium storage lithium sulfides lithium sulfide lithium sulfur batteries lithium sulfur battery lithium sulfur cells lithium sulfur cells lithium sulfurs lithium sulfurs lithium/sulfur batteries lithium sulfur battery lithium/sulfur battery lithium sulfur battery lithium-air batteries lithium air battery lithium-air battery lithium air battery lithium-excess layered oxide lithium excess layered oxide lithium-ion lithium ion lithium-ion batteries lithium ion battery lithium-ion battery lithium ion battery lithium-ion battery anodes lithium ion battery anode lithium-ion battery cathodes lithium ion battery cathode lithium-ion capacitors lithium ion capacitor lithium-ion cells lithium ion cell lithium-ion insertion/extraction lithium ion insertion/extraction lithium-ion transfer lithium ion transfer lithium-ion transport lithium ion transport lithium-ion-battery technology lithium ion battery technology lithium-ions lithium ion lithium-ions batteries lithium ions battery lithium-oxygen batteries lithium oxygen battery lithium-oxygen battery lithium oxygen battery lithium-sulfur batteries lithium sulfur battery lithium-sulfur battery lithium sulfur battery lithium-sulfur cells lithium sulfur cell lithographic methods lithographic method lithographic pattern lithographic patterning lithographic patterns lithographic patterning lithographic process lithographic process lithography process lithography process lithography-free lithography free live-cell imaging live cell imaging liver cancer cells liver cancer cells liver cancers liver cancer liver diseases liver disease liver neoplasms liver living organisms living organism l-lactate l lactate l-lactate dehydrogenase l lactate dehydrogenase l-lysine l lysine lo phonons lo phonon load carrying capacities load carrying capacity load distributions load distribution load resistances load resistance load transfer efficiencies load transfer efficiency load transfers load transfer load transfers load transfer load-bearing load bearing load-bearing capability load bearing capability load-bearing capacity load bearing capacity load-displacement curve load displacement curve loaded waveguides loaded waveguide loading capacities loading capacity loading modes loading mode loading process loading process loading unloading cycles loading unloading cycle loading-unloading cycles loading unloading cycle load-pull load pull local anodic oxidation (lao) local anodic oxidation local area networks local area network local atomic structures local atomic structure local charge distributions local charge distribution local curvatures local curvature local defects local defect local deformations local deformation local densities local density local density of states local density of state local effects local effect local electronic structures local electronic structure local environments local environment local evanescent waves local evanescent wave local field effects local field effect local fields local field local interactions local interaction local magnetic moments local magnetic moment local mechanical properties local mechanical property local minimums local minimums local modes local mode local moments local moment local orientations local orientation local oscillators local oscillators local probes local probe local strains local strains local stress local stress local surfaces local surface local variations local variation local-field effects local field effect localization lengths localization length localization properties localization property localized carriers localized carriers localized defects localized defect localized electrons localized electron localized magnetic moments localized magnetic moment localized modes localized mode localized moments localized moment localized orbitals localized orbital localized plasmons localized plasmons localized states localized state locally one-dimensional locally one dimensional local-moment formation local moment formation local-strain effect local strain effect locking schemes locking scheme log normal distribution logarithmic normal distribution logic applications logic application logic circuits logic circuit logic devices logic device logic functions logic function logic gates logic gate logic operations logic operation logic synthesis logic synthesis logic systems logic system log-normal distribution logarithmic normal distribution lonchocarpus glaucifolius lonchocarpus glaucifolius london dispersion forces london dispersion force lone pair electrons lone pair electron long alkyl chains long alkyl chain long axis long axis long carbon chains long carbon chain long chains long chain long cycles long cycle long exposures long exposure long range correlations long range correlation long range interactions long range interaction long range ordering long range order long range orders long range order long ranges long range long term dynamics long term dynamic long time stabilities long time stability long waves long wave long-cycle life long cycle life longitudinal acoustic modes longitudinal acoustic mode longitudinal acoustic phonons longitudinal acoustic phonon longitudinal axis longitudinal axis longitudinal conductances longitudinal conductance longitudinal magnetic fields longitudinal magnetic field longitudinal modes longitudinal mode longitudinal optical modes longitudinal optical mode longitudinal optical phonons longitudinal optical phonon long-range coulomb interaction long range coulomb interaction long-range electron transfer long range electron transfer long-range order parameters long range order parameter long-range ordering longitudinal range ordering long-range potential longitudinal range potential long-range structures longitudinal range structure long-range surface plasmons longitudinal range surface plasmon long-term change longitudinal term change long-term durabilities longitudinal term durability long-term operation longitudinal term operation long-term operation stabilities longitudinal term operation stability long-term potential longitudinal term potential long-term retention longitudinal term retention long-term stability longitudinal term stability long-term storage stability longitudinal term storage stability long-time relaxations longitudinal time relaxation long-time stabilities longitudinal time stability long-wave approximation longitudinal wave approximation long-wavelength approximation longitudinal wavelength approximation long-wavelength emissions longitudinal wavelength emission long-wavelength limits longitudinal wavelength limit loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) loop mediated isothermal amplification loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) loop mediated isothermal amplification lorentz transformations lorentz transformation lorentz-drude models lorentz drude model lorentzian shapes lorentzian shape loss characteristics loss characteristic loss functions loss function loss mechanisms loss mechanism loss rates loss rate losses loss lossless lossless lossy materials lossy material lossy structures lossy structure lotus lotus lotus leaves lotus leave loudspeakers loudspeakers low temperature process low temperature process low and high frequencies low and high frequency low applied voltages low applied voltage low bandgap low band gap low bandgap polymers low bandgap polymer low bias low bias low coefficient of thermal expansions low coefficient of thermal expansion low concentrations low concentration low cost low costs low cost catalysts low cost catalyst low cost methods low cost method low cost solar cells low cost solar cells low costs low costs low critical solution temperatures low critical solution temperature low currents low current low cytotoxicities low cytotoxicity low defect densities low defect density low densities low density low density polyethylene(ldpe) low density polyethylene low density polyethylenes low density polyethylene low dielectric constants low dielectric constant low dielectric loss low dielectric loss low dimensional structures low dimensional structure low doping concentrations low doping concentration low earth orbits low earth orbits low energies low energy low energy elec tron low energy electron low energy electron beams low energy electron beam low energy electron diffraction (leed) low energy electron diffraction low energy electron microscopes low energy electron microscopy low energy electron microscopy (leem) low energy electron microscopy low energy electron microscopy analysis low energy electron microscopy analysis low energy electrons low energy electron low energy elec-trons low energy electron low energy regions low energy region low energy structures low energy structure low frequencies low frequency low frequency regions low frequency region low frequency resistances low frequency resistance low friction coefficients low friction coefficient low glass transition temperatures low glass transition temperature low hysteresis low hysteresis low insertion loss low insertion loss low limits of detections low limit of detection low loss low loss low magnetic fields low magnetic field low mass low mass low molecular weight compounds low molecular weight compound low noise amplifiers low noise amplifier low oxygen contents low oxygen contents low partial pressures low partial pressure low pass filters low pass filter low power electronics low power electronic low pressures low pressure low propagation loss low propagation loss low qualities low quality low rates low rate low relative humidities low relative humidity low signal-to-noise ratio low signal to noise ratio low strains low strains low stress low stress low supply voltages low supply voltage low surface roughness low surface roughness low temperature approaches low temperature approach low temperature conditions low temperature condition low temperature effects low temperature effect low temperature fuel cell low temperature fuel cells low temperature fuel cells low temperature fuel cells low temperature grown low temperature growth low temperature operations low temperature operation low temperature plasmas low temperature plasma low temperature polymers low temperature polymer low temperature procedures low temperature procedure low temperature process low temperature process low- temperature process low temperature process low temperature pyrolysis low temperature pyrolysis low temperature reactions low temperature reaction low temperature regions low temperature region low temperature scanning tunneling microscope low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy low temperature synthesis low temperature synthesis low temperatures low temperature low thresholds low threshold low turn-on voltages low turn on voltage low vapor pressures low vapor pressure low velocities low velocity low voltages low voltage low young's modulus low young's modulus low-abundance proteins low abundance proteins low-activation energy low activation energy low-cost adsorbents low cost adsorbent low-cost construction low cost construction low-cost precursor low cost precursor low-cost raw materials low cost raw material low-cost sensors low cost sensor low-cost solar cells low cost solar cell low-cost solution low cost solution low-cost strategies low cost strategy low-dimensional materials low dimensional material low-dimensional models low dimensional model low-dimensional semiconductors low dimensional semiconductor low-dimensional structures low dimensional structure low-dimensional systems low dimensional system low-energy ar low energy ar low-energy band low energy band low-energy electron diffraction low energy electron diffraction low-energy electron diffraction (leed) low energy electron diffraction low-energy electron microscopies low energy electron microscopy low-energy electron microscopy low energy electron microscopy low-energy electron microscopy (leem) low energy electron microscopy low-energy electron microscopy analysis low energy electron microscopy analysis low-energy electron transmission low energy electron transmission low-energy electrons low energy electron low-energy excitations low energy excitation low-energy ion irradiation low energy ion irradiation low-energy limit low energy limit low-energy physics low energy physic low-energy range low energy range low-energy spectra low energy spectra low-energy state low energy state lower bounds lower bounds lower cost materials lower cost material lower energies lower energy lower energy barriers lower energy barrier lower frequencies lower frequency lower limit of detections lower limit of detection lower limit of quantifications lower limit of quantification lower limits lower limit lower pressures lower pressure lower temperatures lower temperature lower viscosities lower viscosity lower-power consumption lower power consumption lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level low-field magnetoresistance low field magnetoresistance low-field mobility low field mobility low-frequency low frequency low-frequency currents low frequency current low-frequency modes low frequency mode low-frequency noise low frequency noise low-frequency noise measurements low frequency noise measurement low-frequency noise spectra low frequency noise spectra low-frequency phonon low frequency phonon low-frequency raman low frequency raman low-index surfaces low index surface low-intensity low intensity low-leakage current low leakage current low-loss low loss low-lying excited state low lying excited state low-mass low mass low-mobility low mobility low-molecular weight heparins low molecular weight heparin low-molecular-weight polymers low molecular weight polymer low-noise amplifier (lna) low noise amplifier low-parasitic low parasitic low-power low power low-power circuit low power circuit low-power computing low power computing low-power consumption low power consumption low-power design low power design low-power devices low power device low-power electronics low power electronic low-power logic low power logic low-power operation low power operation low-pressure conditions low pressure condition low-resistance contacts low resistance contact low-resistance state low resistance state low-swing signaling low swing signaling low-temperature low temperature low-temperature aqueous solutions low temperature aqueous solution low-temperature deposition low temperature deposition low-temperature fabrication low temperature fabrication low-temperature fuel cell low temperature fuel cells low-temperature grown low temperature growth low-temperature growth low temperature growth low-temperature hydrothermal methods low temperature hydrothermal method low-temperature measurements low temperature measurement low-temperature nitrogen low temperature nitrogen low-temperature process low temperature process low-temperature pyrolysis low temperature pyrolysis low-temperature reduction low temperature reduction low-temperature regime low temperature regime low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopes low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy low-temperature sintering low temperature sintering low-threshold currents low threshold current low-threshold field emission low threshold field emission low-voltage low voltage low-voltage tem low voltage tem low-voltage transmission electron microscopies low voltage transmission electron microscopy low-yield low yield l-phenylalanine l phenylalanine l-proline l proline lsi interconnects lsi interconnects l-tryptophan l tryptophan l-tyrosine l tyrosine lubricant lubricants lubricant additives lubricant additive lubricant films lubricant film lubricants lubricants lubricated wears lubricated wear lubricating additives lubricating additive lubricating greases lubricating grease lubricating oil additives lubricating oil additive lubricating oils lubricating oils lubricating properties lubricating property lubrication characteristics lubrication characteristic luminescence efficiencies luminescence efficiency luminescence kinetics luminescence kinetic luminescence mechanisms luminescence mechanism luminescence of inorganic solids luminescence of inorganic solid luminescence of organic solids luminescence of organic solid luminescence properties luminescence property luminescence quantum yields luminescence quantum yields luminescent agents luminescent agent luminescent characteristics luminescent characteristic luminescent measurements luminescent measurement luminescent sensors luminescent sensor luminols luminols lumped parameter networks lumped parameter network lumped-element circuit model lumped element circuit model lunar surface analysis lunar surface analysis luneburg lens luneburg lens lung fibrosis lung fibrosis lung metastasis lung metastasis lung neoplasms lung luttinger liquids luttinger liquid lyapunov methods lyapunov method lymphocytes lymphocyte lyotropic liquid crystalline lyotropic liquid crystall lysosomes lysosome m13 virus m13 virus mach zender modulator mach zehnder modulator machine tools machine tools mach-zehnder mach zehnder mach-zehnder interferometers mach zehnder interferometer machzehnder interferometers (mzi) machzehnder interferometers mach-zender modulators mach zehnder modulator macro pores macro pore macro-assembly macro assembly macrocycles macrocycle macrocyclics macrocycle macroelectronics macroelectronic macrolide antibiotics macrolide antibiotic macrolides macrolide macromolecular substances macromolecular substance macromolecular systems macromolecular system macromolecules macromolecule macrophage cells macrophage cells macrophages macrophage macropores macropore macroporous macroporous macroporous anodes macroporous anode macroporous frameworks macroporous framework macroporous hydrogels macroporous hydrogels macroporous polymers macroporous polymer macroporous structures macroporous structure macro-raft agent macro raft agent macros macros macro-scale macro scale macroscopic dimensions macroscopic dimension macroscopic electrodes macroscopic electrode macroscopic fibers macroscopic fiber macroscopic levels macroscopic level macroscopic materials macroscopic material macroscopic measurements macroscopic measurement macroscopic objects macroscopic object macroscopic properties macroscopic property macroscopic quantities macroscopic quantity macroscopic shapes macroscopic shape macroscopic sizes macroscopic size macroscopic surfaces macroscopic surface macroscopic systems macroscopic system macrostructures macrostructure madin darby canine kidney cells madin darby canine kidney cells maghemites maghemite magic clusters magic cluster magic numbers magic number magnesium alloys magnesium alloy magnesium batteries magnesium battery magnesium diborides magnesium diboride magnesium ions magnesium ion magnesium oxides magnesium oxide magnesium printing plates magnesium printing plate magnesium silicates magnesium silicate magnesium-based amorphous alloys magnesium based amorphous alloy magnet magnets magnet magnets magnetic magnetics magnetic (ce) magnetics magnetic actuators magnetic actuator magnetic adatoms magnetic adatom magnetic adsorbents magnetic adsorbent magnetic and dielectric properties magnetic and dielectric property magnetic and electric fields magnetic and electric field magnetic and electrical properties magnetic and electrical property magnetic and electronic properties magnetic and electronic property magnetic and mechanical properties magnetic and mechanical property magnetic and optical properties magnetic and optical property magnetic and transport properties magnetic and transport property magnetic atoms magnetic atom magnetic barrier structures magnetic barrier structure magnetic barriers magnetic barrier magnetic beads magnetic bead magnetic behaviors magnetic behavior magnetic bias magnetic bias magnetic bias fields magnetic bias field magnetic bubbles magnetic bubble magnetic carbons magnetic carbon magnetic catalysis magnetic catalysis magnetic catalysts magnetic catalyst magnetic components magnetic component magnetic composites magnetic composite magnetic contacts magnetic contact magnetic coupling constants magnetic coupling constant magnetic couplings magnetic coupling magnetic defects magnetic defect magnetic devices magnetic device magnetic dimers magnetic dimer magnetic dipole fields magnetic dipole field magnetic domains magnetic domains magnetic dot magnetic dots magnetic dots magnetic dots magnetic effects magnetic effect magnetic electrodes magnetic electrode magnetic exchange interactions magnetic exchange interaction magnetic features magnetic feature magnetic field dependences magnetic field dependence magnetic field effects magnetic field effect magnetic field sensors magnetic field sensor magnetic field strengths magnetic field strength magnetic fields magnetic field magnetic films magnetic film magnetic force microscopies (mfm) magnetic force microscopy magnetic graphene nanosheets magnetic graphene nanosheet magnetic graphene oxides magnetic graphene oxide magnetic graphenes magnetic graphene magnetic heads magnetic heads magnetic homogeneities magnetic homogeneity magnetic impurities magnetic impurity magnetic intensities magnetic intensity magnetic interactions magnetic interaction magnetic ionic liquids magnetic ionic liquid magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle magnetic iron oxides magnetic iron oxide magnetic layers magnetic layer magnetic loss magnetic loss magnetic materials magnetic material magnetic measurements magnetic measurement magnetic mechanisms magnetic mechanism magnetic memories magnetic memory magnetic metals magnetic metal magnetic microspheres magnetic microsphere magnetic molecules magnetic molecule magnetic moments magnetic moment magnetic nanocomposites magnetic nanocomposite magnetic nanocrystals magnetic nanocrystal magnetic nanohybrids magnetic nanohybrids magnetic nanomaterials magnetic nanomaterial magnetic nanoparti cles (mnps) magnetic nanoparticle magnetic nanoparticles magnetic nanoparticle magnetic nano-particles magnetic nano particle magnetic nanostructures magnetic nanostructure magnetic nanowires magnetic nanowire magnetic ordering magnetic order magnetic orders magnetic order magnetic oscillations magnetic oscillation magnetic particles magnetic particle magnetic phase diagrams magnetic phase diagram magnetic phase transitions magnetic phase transition magnetic phasis magnetic phasis magnetic plasmon resonances magnetic plasmon resonance magnetic polaritons magnetic polaritons magnetic polarizations magnetic polarization magnetic polymers magnetic polymer magnetic potentials magnetic potential magnetic probes magnetic probe magnetic profiles magnetic profile magnetic properties magnetic property magnetic quantum dots magnetic quantum dots magnetic resistivities magnetic resistivity magnetic resonance imaging (mri) magnetic resonance imaging magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent magnetic rings magnetic ring magnetic semiconductors magnetic semiconductor magnetic sensors magnetic sensor magnetic sheets magnetic sheet magnetic solid-phase extraction magnetic solid phase extraction magnetic solidphase extraction (mspe) magnetic solidphase extraction magnetic solid-phase extractions magnetic solid phase extraction magnetic solids magnetic solid magnetic solutions magnetic solution magnetic states magnetic state magnetic stirrers magnetic stirring magnetic stirrers magnetic stirring magnetic stray fields magnetic stray field magnetic studies magnetic study magnetic superlattices magnetic superlattice magnetic susceptibility measurements magnetic susceptibility measurement magnetic switch magnetic switching magnetic switches magnetic switching magnetic thin films magnetic thin film magnetic transitions magnetic transition magnetic tunnel junctions magnetic tunnel junction magnetic vector potentials magnetic vector potential magnetically separable catalysts magnetically separable catalyst magnetic-electric barrier magnetic electric barrier magnetic-field intensity magnetic field intensity magnetics magnetics magnetictransport properties magnetictransport property magnetite layers magnetite layer magnetite nanoparticles magnetite nanoparticle magnetite particles magnetite particle magnetization curves magnetization curve magnetization dynamics magnetization dynamic magnetization hysteresis-loop magnetization hysteresis loop magnetization measurements magnetization measurement magnetization-saturation magnetization saturation magneto transport properties magneto transport property magneto-absorption magneto absorption magnetocaloric effects magnetocaloric effect magnetocaloric properties magnetocaloric property magnetoconductance oscillations magnetoconductance oscillation magneto-conductivity magneto conductivity magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy magneto-dielectric effects magneto dielectric effect magnetodielectrics magnetodielectric magnetoelastic effects magnetoelastic effect magnetoelectric couplings magnetoelectric coupling magnetoelectric effects magnetoelectric effect magnetoelectronic properties magnetoelectronic property magnetoelectronics magnetoelectronic magnetoexciton magnetoexcitons magnetoexcitons magnetoexcitons magnetohydrodynamics magnetohydrodynamic magnetometers magnetometer magnetometers magnetometer magneto-optical magneto optical magneto-optical activity magneto optical activity magneto-optical applications magneto optical application magnetooptical effects magnetooptical effect magneto-optical kerr effects magneto optical kerr effect magnetooptical properties magnetooptical property magneto-optical rotations magneto optical rotation magneto-optical spectra magneto optical spectra magneto-optics magneto optic magneto-phonon resonance magneto phonon resonance magneto-phonon resonances magneto phonon resonance magnetoplasmon magnetoplasmons magnetoplasmons magnetoplasmons magnetopolarons magnetopolarons magnetoresistance curves magnetoresistance curve magnetoresistance effects magnetoresistance effect magnetoresistance measurements magnetoresistance measurement magnetoresistive devices magnetoresistive device magneto-resistive effect magneto resistive effect magneto-rheological magneto rheological magnetorheological fluids magnetorheological fluid magneto-rheology magneto rheology magnetos magnetos magnetostatics magnetostatics magneto-transport measurement magneto transport measurement magneto-transport properties magneto transport property magnetotransports magnetotransport magnetrons magnetrons magnets magnets main chains main chain main parameters main parameter major factors major factor majority carriers majority carriers making process making process maldi ms maldi ms maldi tof ms maldi tof ms maldi-mass spectrometry maldi mass spectrometry maldi-ms maldi ms maldi-tof maldi tof maldi-tof mass spectrometry maldi tof mass spectrometry maldi-tof ms maldi tof ms maleic anhydrides maleic anhydride maleimides maleimide mammal cell mammalian cells mammalian cells mammalian cells mammals mammals manchester manganese compounds manganese compound manganese ferrites manganese ferrite manganese oxide nanoparticles manganese oxide nanoparticle manganese oxide nanosheets manganese oxide nanosheet manganese oxides manganese oxide manganese-cobalt oxides manganese cobalt oxide manganites manganite manipulation techniques manipulation technique manipulators manipulators man-made materials man made material mannich reactions mannich reaction man-portable man portable manufacturable process manufacturable process manufacture process manufacture process manufactured materials manufactured material manufacturing methods manufacturing method manufacturing operations manufacturing operation manufacturing process manufacturing process manufacturing techniques manufacturing technique manufacturing technologies manufacturing technology many-body many body many-body calculations many body calculation many-body effect many body effect many-body effects many body effect many-body interactions many body interaction many-body potentials many body potential many-body problems many body problem many-body state many body state many-body theory many body theory many-electron systems many electron system mapping techniques mapping technique maps maps marine applications marine application marine toxin marine toxins marine toxins marine toxins markov processes markov process markov random fields markov random field marrow mesenchymal stem cells marrow mesenchymal stem cells mask less mask less masking agents masking agent masking layers masking layer maskless laser process maskless laser process masks masks masonry materials masonry material masonry walls masonry walls mass mass mass and heat transfers mass and heat transfers mass densities mass density mass detectors mass detectors mass loading effects mass loading effect mass loadings mass loadings mass loss mass loss mass specific capacitances mass specific capacitance mass spectrometers mass spectrometers mass spectrometric analysis mass spectrometry analysis mass spectrometry analysis mass spectrometry analysis mass transfer barriers mass transfer barrier mass transfer resistances mass transfer resistance massive relativistic particles massive relativistic particle massively parallels massively parallels massless dirac fermions massless dirac fermion massless electrons massless electron massless fermions massless fermion massless particles massless particle mass-sensitive sensor mass sensitive sensor mass-transport resistance mass transport resistance master equations master equation material characterisation material characteristic material characteristics material characteristic material characterizations material characterization material components material component material compositions material composition material designs material design material failures material failure material interactions material interaction material interfaces material interface material loss material loss material microstructures material microstructure material modifications material modification material properties material property material scientists material scientists material stress material stress material synthesis material synthesis material systems material system material-based material based materials material materials properties material property materials synthesis material synthesis materials systems material system materials testing apparatus material testing apparatus mathematical analysis mathematical analysis mathematical concepts mathematical concept mathematical frameworks mathematical framework mathematical models mathematical model mathematical operators mathematical operators mathematical parameters mathematical parameter mathematical simulations mathematical simulation mathematical techniques mathematical technique mathematical transformations mathematical transformation matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry matrix eigenvalue problems matrix eigenvalue problem matrix elements matrix element matrix equations matrix equation matrix exponentials matrix exponentials matrix interfaces matrix interface matrix materials matrix material matrix metalloproteinase-2 matrix metalloproteinase 2 matrix metalloproteinases matrix metalloproteinase matrix polymers matrix polymer matrix precursors matrix precursor matrix solid-phase dispersion matrix solid phase dispersion matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry matrixes matrix max phasis max phasis maximal values maximal value maximum concentrations maximum concentration maximum emissions maximum emission maximum intensities maximum intensity maximum values maximum value maxwell equations maxwell's equation maxwell models maxwell model maxwell-dirac equations maxwell dirac equation maxwell-garnett maxwell garnett maxwell equation maxwell's equation maxwell's equations maxwell's equation maxwell-wagner polarization maxwell wagner polarization maxwell-wagner-sillars maxwell wagner sillar mc3t3-e1 mc3t3 e1 mc3t3-e1 cell mc3t3 e1 cell mcf 7 breast cancer cells mcf 7 breast cancer cells mcf 7 cells mcf 7 cells mcf-7 mcf 7 mcf-7 breast cancer cells mcf 7 breast cancer cell mcf-7 cells mcf 7 cell m-cresol m cresol md simulations md simulation m-e effect m e effect mean field analysis mean field analysis mean fields mean field mean free path (mfp) mean free path mean free paths mean free path mean free paths mean free path mean time to fails mean time to fails mean values mean value mean-field mean field mean-field solution mean field solution mean-field treatments mean field treatment mean-free path mean free path mean-free path length mean free path length mean-grain size mean grain size measured currents measured current measured properties measured property measured results measured result measured values measured value measurement and analysis measurement and analysis measurement conditions measurement condition measurement errors measurement errors measurement locations measurement location measurement methods measurement method measurement parameters measurement parameter measurement process measurement process measurement results measurement result measurement standards measurement standards measurement techniques measurement technique measurement temperatures measurement temperature measurements measurement meats meat meats meat mechanic properties mechanic property mechanical actuators mechanical actuator mechanical analysis mechanical analysis mechanical and barriers mechanical and barrier mechanical and corrosion properties mechanical and corrosion property mechanical and dielectric properties mechanical and dielectric property mechanical and electrical properties mechanical and electrical property mechanical and electronic properties mechanical and electrical property mechanical and electronic property mechanical and electrical property mechanical and fracture properties mechanical and fracture property mechanical and physical properties mechanical and physical property mechanical and thermal properties mechanical and thermal property mechanical and tribological properties mechanical and tribological property mechanical attributes mechanical attribute mechanical behaviour mechanical behavior mechanical characteristics mechanical characteristic mechanical characterization mechanical characteristic mechanical characterizations mechanical characteristic mechanical connections mechanical connection mechanical damages mechanical damage mechanical defects mechanical defect mechanical deformations mechanical deformation mechanical effects mechanical effect mechanical energies mechanical energy mechanical enhancements mechanical enhancements mechanical excitations mechanical excitation mechanical exfoliations mechanical exfoliation mechanical failures mechanical failure mechanical instabilities mechanical instability mechanical interactions mechanical interaction mechanical load mechanical loading mechanical loads mechanical loading mechanical measurements mechanical measurement mechanical methods mechanical method mechanical modulus mechanical modulus mechanical motions mechanical motion mechanical movements mechanical movements mechanical oscillations mechanical oscillation mechanical oscillators mechanical oscillators mechanical parameters mechanical parameter mechanical processes mechanical process mechanical properties mechanical property mechanical properties of materials mechanical properties of material mechanical properties of polymers mechanical properties of polymer mechanical resonator mechanical resonators mechanical resonators mechanical resonators mechanical responses mechanical response mechanical robustness mechanical robustness mechanical sensors mechanical sensor mechanical simulations mechanical simulation mechanical stiffness mechanical stiffness mechanical stimulus mechanical stimulus mechanical strengths mechanical strength mechanical stress mechanical stress mechanical structures mechanical structure mechanical systems mechanical system mechanical test mechanical testing mechanical testing machines mechanical testing machine mechanical tests mechanical testing mechanical treatments mechanical treatment mechanical vibrations mechanical vibration mechanics mechanics mechanics models mechanics model mechanism analysis mechanism analysis mechanism and kinetics mechanism and kinetic mechanism studies mechanism study mechanisms mechanism mechanistic aspects mechanistic aspects mechanistic pathways mechanistic pathways mechanistic studies mechanistic study mechano-chemical methods mechano chemical method mechanochemical process mechanochemical process mechanochemical reactions mechanochemical reaction mechanochemical synthesis mechanochemical synthesis mechanochemicals mechanochemical mechano-chemistry mechano chemistry mechatronics mechatronics mediated activities mediated activity mediator less mediator less mediator-less mediator less medical applications medical application medical devices medical device medical diagnostics medical diagnostic medical implants medical implant medical products medical product medium access medium access medium access control protocols medium access control protocol meh-ppv meh ppv melamine formaldehyde resins melamine formaldehyde resin melt crystallization process melt crystallization process melt process melt process melt spinning process melt spinning process melt spinnings melt spinning melt viscosities melt viscosity melt-blending methods melt blending method melt-compounding melt compounding melt-crystallization process melt crystallization process melting characteristics melting characteristic melting process melting process melting temperatures melting temperature melting transitions melting transition membrane deflections membrane deflection membrane devices membrane device membrane electrode assemblies membrane electrode assembly membrane electrodes membrane electrode membrane electrolytes membrane electrolyte membrane filters membrane filter membrane filtrations membrane filtration membrane interactions membrane interaction membrane models membrane model membrane parameters membrane parameter membrane proteins membrane protein membrane separation process membrane separation process membrane stress membrane stress membrane surface modifications membrane surface modification membrane thickness membrane thickness membrane-forming membrane forming membranes membrane memory applications memory application memory characteristics memory characteristic memory devices memory device memory effects memory effect memory operations memory operation memory properties memory property memory transistors memory transistor memristor memristors memristors memristors mems mems mems resonators mems resonators memsdevices memsdevice mems-structure mems structure mercury (ii) ions mercury (ii) ion mercury compounds mercury compound mercury ions mercury ion mercury sensors mercury sensor mercury(ii) ions mercury(ii) ion mergers and acquisitions mergers and acquisition mesenchymal stem cells mesenchymal stem cell mesenchymal stromal cells mesenchymal stromal cells mesfet devices mesfet device mesh structures mesh structure meso macroporous meso macroporous meso pores meso pore mesocarbon microbeads mesocarbon microbead mesocrystals mesocrystal meso-macroporous meso macroporou mesophases mesophase mesopore size distributions mesopore size distribution mesopore structures mesopore structure meso-pores meso pore mesoporous mesoporous mesoporous carbon materials mesoporous carbon material mesoporous composites mesoporous composite mesoporous electrodes mesoporous electrode mesoporous films mesoporous film mesoporous materials mesoporous material mesoporous metal oxides mesoporous metal oxide mesoporous nanospheres mesoporous nanosphere mesoporous silica materials mesoporous silica material mesoporous silica nanoparticles mesoporous silica nanoparticle mesoporous structures mesoporous structure mesoporous tio 2 mesoporous tio 2 mesoporous titanosilicates mesoporous titanosilicate mesoporous walls mesoporous walls mesoporous walls mesoporous walls mesoscopic mesoscopics mesoscopic and nanoscale systems mesoscopic and nanoscale system mesoscopic devices mesoscopic device mesoscopic physics mesoscopic physics mesoscopic systems mesoscopic system mesoscopics mesoscopics mesostructured mesostructure mesostructures mesostructure metabolites metabolite metabolomics metabolomics metadynamics metadynamic metadynamics simulations metadynamic simulation metal adatoms metal adatom metal analysis metal analysis metal and metal oxide nanoparticles metal and metal oxide nanoparticle metal atoms metal atom metal bilayers metal bilayer metal bond metal bonding metal bonds metal bonding metal capping layers metal capping layer metal carbides metal carbide metal catalysts metal catalyst metal cathodes metal cathode metal centers metal center metal chalcogenides metal chalcogenide metal chlorides metal chloride metal clusters metal cluster metal complexes metal complex metal composites metal composite metal concentrations metal concentration metal contacts metal contact metal coverages metal coverage metal detectors metal detectors metal dichalcogenides metal dichalcogenide metal dielectrics metal dielectric metal electrodes metal electrode metal elements metal element metal free catalysis metal free catalysis metal fuels metal fuel metal gate electrodes metal gate electrode metal halides metal halide metal impurities metal impurity metal insulator boundaries metal insulator boundary metal insulator metal capacitor (mim) metal insulator metal capacitor metal insulator metals metal insulator metal metal interactions metal interaction metal interlayers metal interlayer metal ions metal ion metal islands metal islands metal junctions metal junction metal loadings metal loadings metal masks metal masks metal materials metal material metal matrix composites metal matrix composite metal matrix nano composites metal matrix nano composite metal nano particles metal nano particle metal nanoclusters metal nanocluster metal nanocomposites metal nanocomposite metal nanocrystals metal nanocrystal metal nanomaterials metal nanomaterial metal nanoparticle arrays metal nanoparticle array metal nanoparticles metal nanoparticle metal nanowires metal nanowire metal nitrides metal nitride metal organic frameworks metal organic framework metal oxide catalysts metal oxide catalyst metal oxide electrodes metal oxide electrode metal oxide layers metal oxide layer metal oxide nanocrystals metal oxide nanocrystal metal oxide nanomaterials metal oxide nanomaterial metal oxide nanoparticles metal oxide nanoparticle metal oxide nanosheets metal oxide nanosheet metal oxide nanowires metal oxide nanowire metal oxide particles metal oxide particle metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (mosfets) metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor metal oxide semiconductor structures metal oxide semiconductor structure metal oxide semiconductors (cmos) metal oxide semiconductors metal oxides metal oxide metal particles metal particle metal photodetectors metal photodetectors metal plasmons metal plasmons metal porphyrins metal porphyrins metal properties metal property metal protections metal protection metal refineries metal refinery metal semiconductors metal semiconductor metal sources metal source metal species metal specy metal structures metal structure metal substrates metal substrate metal sulfides metal sulfide metal surfaces metal surface metal systems metal system metal thickness metal thickness metal/graphene interfaces metal/graphene interface metal-air batteries metal air battery metal-air battery metal air battery metal-based catalysts metal based catalyst metal-catalyzed metal catalyzed metal-catalyzed crystallizations metal catalyzed crystallization metal-coated metal coated metal-dielectric interface metal dielectric interface metal-doped metal doped metal-doped graphene metal doped graphene metal-doping metal doping metal-free metal free metal-free catalysis metal free catalysi metal-free catalyst metal free catalyst metal-free catalysts metal free catalyst metal-free conditions metal free condition metal-free electrocatalyst metal free electrocatalyst metal-free electrocatalysts metal free electrocatalyst metal-induced crystallization metal induced crystallization metal-induced gap state metal induced gap state metal-insulator transition metal insulator transition metal-insulator transitions metal insulator transition metal-insulator-metal structures metal insulator metal structure metal-insulator-semiconductors metal insulator semiconductor metal-ion metal ion metallic alloys metallic alloy metallic behaviors metallic behavior metallic carbon nanotubes metallic carbon nanotubes metallic catalysts metallic catalyst metallic clusters metallic cluster metallic compounds metallic compound metallic contacts metallic contact metallic coppers metallic copper metallic electrodes metallic electrode metallic elements metallic element metallic films metallic film metallic foils metallic foils metallic gates metallic gate metallic gratings metallicgrating metallic impurities metallic impurity metallic interconnects metallic interconnects metallic ions metallic ion metallic layers metallic layer metallic leads metallic leads metallic matrix composites metallic matrix composite metallic nanoclusters metallic nanocluster metallic nanocrystals metallic nanocrystal metallic nanoparticles metallic nanoparticle metallic nanotubes metallic nanotubes metallic nanowires metallic nanowire metallic oxides metallic oxide metallic particles metallic particle metallic plasmonics metallic plasmonic metallic properties metallic property metallic rings metallic ring metallic sheets metallic sheet metallic single wall carbon nanotubes metallic single walled carbon nanotubes metallic single walled carbon nanotubes metallic single walled carbon nanotubes metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes metallic single walled carbon nanotube metallic structures metallic structure metallic substrates metallic substrate metallic superconductors metallic superconductors metallic superlattices metallic superlattice metallic systems metallic system metallic thin films metallic thin film metallic tips metallic tip metallicities metallicity metallization process metallization process metallizations metallization metallo porphyrins metallo porphyrins metallocene catalysts metallocene catalyst metallofullerenes metallofullerene metalloids metalloids metallophthalocyanines metallophthalocyanine metalloporphyrin metalloporphyrins metalloporphyrins metalloporphyrins metallo-porphyrins metallo porphyrin metal-metal contacts metal metal contact metal-metal interactions metal metal interaction metal-molecule isolation metal molecule isolation metal-molecule-metal junctions metal molecule metal junctions metal-organic metal organic metal-organic framework metal organic framework metal-organic framework (mof) metal organic framework metal-organic frameworks metal organic framework metalorganic frameworks (mofs) metalorganic frameworks metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy metal organic vapor phase epitaxy metal-oxide metal oxide metal-oxide-semiconductor metal oxide semiconductor metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors metal oxide semiconductor capacitor metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (mosfets) metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor metalphthalocyanines metallphthalocyanine metals metal metals and alloys metal and alloy metal-semiconductor contacts metal semiconductor contact metal-semiconductor junctions metal semiconductor junction metal-semiconductor phase transition metal semiconductor phase transition metal-semiconductor transitions metal semiconductor transition metal-support interactions metal support interaction metal-to-insulator transitions metal to insulator transition metal-to-semiconductor transition metal to semiconductor transition metamagnetic transitions metamagnetic transition metamaterial absorbers metamaterial absorbers metamaterial antennas metamaterial antenna metamaterial devices metamaterial device metamaterial structures metamaterial structure metamaterials metamaterial metastabilities metastability metastable materials metastable material metastable phases metastable phase meta-stable state meta stable state metastable states metastable state metastable structures metastable structure metastasis metastasis metasurfaces metasurface metatronics metatronics meteorological instruments meteorological instruments methacrylamides methacrylamide methacrylates methacrylate methacrylic acids methacrylic acid methane concentrations methane concentration methane conversions methane conversion methane gas methane gas methane gas sensors methane gas sensor methane molecules methane molecule methane pyrolysis methane pyrolysis methane-gas sensing methane gas sensing methanogenesis methanogeneis methanol crossover effects methanol crossover effect methanol electro-oxidation methanol electro oxidation methanol formations methanol formation methanol fuels methanol fuel methanol molecules methanol molecule methanol oxidation currents methanol oxidation current methanol oxidation reactions methanol oxidation reaction methanol synthesis methanol synthesis methanol tolerance abilities methanol tolerance ability methanol vapors methanol vapor methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus method detection limits method detection limit method of moments method of moment methods method methods of synthesis method of synthesis methyl esters methyl ester methyl ethyl ketones methyl ethyl ketone methyl methacrylates methyl methacrylate methyl orange dyes methyl orange dyes methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assays methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay methylene blue degradations methylene blue degradation methyltransferases methyltransferase metrological applications metrological application metrology methods metrology method metrology tools metrology tools mev-electrons mev electron mg batteries mg battery mg-al layered double hydroxide mg al layered double hydroxide mg-doped mg doped mg-doped zno mg doped zno mg-doping mg doping mgo surfaces mgo surface mica substrates mica substrate mica surfaces mica surface micelles micelle michael addition reactions michael addition reaction michael additions michael addition michaelis constants michaelis constant michaelis menten kinetics michaelis menten kinetic michaelis-menten michaelis menten michaelis-menten constant michaelis menten constant michaelis-menten kinetic michaelis menten kinetic micro air vehicle (mav) micro airial vehicle) micro and nanostructures micro and nanostructure micro composites micro composite micro devices micro device micro droplets micro droplets micro electromechanical system (mems) micro electromechanical system micro kinetic analysis micro kinetic analysis micro particles micro particle micro pillar micro pillars micro pillars micro pillars micro porous membranes micro porous membrane micro power sources micro power source micro pressure sensors micro pressure sensor micro raman measurements micro raman measurement micro structural characteristic micro structural characterization micro supercapacitors micro supercapacitor micro tubes micro tube micro valves micro valve micro/nano devices micro/nano device micro/nanostructures micro/nanostructure microactuators microactuator microanalysis microanalysis microarray analysis microarray analysis micro-array chips micro array chip microarrays microarray microassemblies microassembly microbeads microbead microbial cells microbial cells microbial electrolysis cells microbial electrolysis cells microbial fuel cell (mfc) microbial fuel cells microbial fuel cells microbial fuel cells microbial fuel cells (mfcs) microbial fuel cells microbial sensitivity tests microbial sensitivity test microbially-reduced graphene microbially reduced graphene micro-cantilevers micro cantilever micro-capacitors micro capacitor microcapsules microcapsule microcavities microcavity microcellular foam microcellular foams microcellular foams microcellular foams microcellular radio systems microcellular radio system micro-chambers micro chamber microchannels microchannel microchip analysis microchip analysis microchip electrophoresis microchip electrophoresis microchip lasers microchip laser micro-composites micro composite micro-computed tomography micro computed tomography microcomputers microcomputers microcosmic morphologies microcosmic morphology micro-crystalline cellulose micro crystalline cellulose microcrystalline diamond films microcrystalline diamond film microcrystalline powders microcrystalline powder microcrystalline structures microcrystalline structure microcrystals microcrystal microcystin-lr microcystin lr microcystins microcystins micro-devices micro device microdialysis microdialysis micro-domains micro domain micro-electrical-mechanical systems micro electrical mechanical system microelectrodes microelectrode micro-electro-mechanical micro electro mechanical microelectromechanical devices microelectromechanical device microelectromechanical systems microelectromechanical system microelectronic applications microelectronic application micro-electronic devices micro electronic device microelectronic technologies microelectronic technology microelectronics microelectronic microemulsions microemulsion microenvironments microenvironment microfabrication process microfabrication process micro-fabrication techniques micro fabrication technique micro-fabrication technology micro fabrication technology micro-fiber micro fiber microfibers microfiber micro-filtration membranes micro filtration membrane microfluidic microfluidics microfluidic analysis microfluidic analysis microfluidic analysis systems microfluidic analysis system microfluidic analytical techniques microfluidic analytical technique microfluidic bioreactors microfluidic bioreactor microfluidic chambers microfluidic chambers micro-fluidic devices micro fluidic device microfluidics microfluidics micro-four-point probes micro four point probe micro-gap electrodes micro gap electrode micro-gels micro gel microhardness microhardness micro-heaters micro heater micro-kinetic analysis micro kinetic analysis microlenses microlense micro-machining micro machining micromanipulators micromanipulators micro-mechanical micro mechanical micro-mechanical modeling micro mechanical modeling micromechanical systems micromechanical system micromechanical theories micromechanical theory micromechanics micromechanics micromechanisms micromechanism micrometer dimensions micrometer dimension micrometer lengths micrometer length micrometer ranges micrometer range micrometer sizes micrometer size micrometers micrometers micrometer-scale micrometer scale micromolding in capillaries micromolding in capillary micromorphologies micromorphology micromotors micromotors micro-nano micro nano micro-nano structures micro nano structure micron-sized particles micron sized particle microoptical devices microoptical device microoptics microoptic microorganisms microorganism micro-particles micro particle micropatterned micropattern micropatterns micropattern microperoxidase-11 microperoxidase 11 micro-pillars micro pillars micro-pipette micro pipette micropipettes micropipette micro-plasmas micro plasma micro-pore structures micro pore structure micropore volumes micropore volume micropores microporous micropore-size distribution micropore size distribution microporous microporous microporous adsorbents microporous adsorbent microporous carbons microporous carbon micro-porous carbons micro porous carbon microporous materials microporous material micro-porous structure micro porous structure micro-probes micro probe microprocessor chips microprocessor chips micro-raman micro raman micro-raman analysis micro raman analysis micro-raman investigations micro raman investigation micro-raman mapping micro raman mapping micro-raman scattering micro raman scattering micro-raman spectra micro raman spectra micro-raman spectroscopy micro raman spectroscopy micro-reactor micro reactor microrings microring microrna (mirna) microrna microrna detections microrna detection microrna-126 microrna 126 micrornas micrornas microscale patterns microscale pattern micro-scales micro scale microscope images microscope image microscopes microscopy microscopic analysis microscopic analysis microscopic features microscopic feature microscopic image microscopic imaging microscopic levels microscopic level microscopic mechanisms microscopic mechanism microscopic model microscopic modeling microscopic models microscopic modeling microscopic observations microscopic observation microscopic properties microscopic property microscopic roughness microscopic roughness microscopic structures microscopic structure microscopic techniques microscopic technique microscopic views microscopic views microscopy image microscopy imaging microscopy images microscopy imaging microscopy, energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy, energy filtering transmission electron microsensors microsensor micro-solid phase extraction micro solid phase extraction micro-solid-phase extraction micro solid phase extraction micro-solid-phase extractions micro solid phase extraction microsphere arrays microsphere array microspheres microsphere micro-strain micro strain microstrip antennas microstrip antenna micro-strip patch antennas micro strip patch antenna microstripes microstripe micro-structural micro structural microstructural analysis microstructural analysis micro-structural characteristics micro structural characterization micro-structural characterization micro structural characterization microstructural defects microstructural defect microstructural features microstructural feature microstructural models microstructural model microstructural observations microstructural observation micro-structural observations micro structural observation microstructure analysis microstructure analysis microstructure and mechanical properties microstructure and mechanical property microstructure and properties microstructure and property microstructure evolutions microstructure evolution micro-structure evolutions micro structure evolution microstructure investigations microstructure investigation microstructure measurements microstructure measurement microstructure variations microstructure variation microstructure-final microstructure final microstructures microstructure microstructures and mechanical properties microstructure and mechanical property microstructures and properties microstructure and property micro-supercapacitor micro supercapacitor microsupercapacitors microsupercapacitor micro-supercapacitors micro supercapacitor microsystems microsystem micro-tribological behavior micro tribological behavior microtribological properties microtribological property micro-tubes micro tube microtubule-associated proteins microtubule associated protein microtubules microtubule microwave absorber microwave absorbers microwave absorbers microwave absorbers microwave absorbing materials microwave absorbing material microwave absorbing properties microwave absorbing property microwave absorption materials microwave absorption material microwave absorption properties microwave absorption property microwave amplifiers microwave amplifier microwave antennas microwave antenna microwave applications microwave application microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis microwave assisted polyol process microwave assisted polyol process microwave assisted process microwave assisted process microwave assisted reactions microwave assisted reaction microwave assisted synthesis microwave assisted synthesis microwave circuits microwave circuit microwave conditions microwave condition microwave devices microwave device microwave dielectric resonators microwave dielectric resonators microwave electronics microwave electronic microwave energies microwave energy microwave experiments microwave experiment microwave field effect transistors microwave field effect transistor microwave field effect transistors (fets) microwave field effect transistor microwave field-effect transistors (fets) microwave field effect transistor microwave filters microwave filter microwave frequencies microwave frequency microwave frequency ranges microwave frequency range microwave hydrogen plasmas microwave hydrogen plasma microwave hydrothermal synthesis microwave hydrothermal synthesis microwave integrated circuits microwave integrated circuit microwave irradiation techniques microwave irradiation technique microwave loss microwave loss microwave measurements microwave measurement microwave methods microwave method microwave microscopes microwave microscopy microwave oscillators microwave oscillators microwave photonics microwave photonics microwave plasma chemical vapor depositions microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition microwave plasma cvd microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor depositions microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition microwave radiations microwave radiation microwave reactions microwave reaction microwave resonators microwave resonators microwave sensors microwave sensor microwave signals microwave signal microwave structures microwave structure microwave synthesis microwave synthesis microwave systems microwave system microwave transistors microwave transistor microwave tubes microwave tube microwave-assisted microwave assisted microwave-assisted extraction microwave assisted extraction microwave-assisted hydrothermal microwave assisted hydrothermal microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis microwave-assisted method microwave assisted method microwave-assisted methods microwave assisted method microwave-assisted polyol process microwave assisted polyol process microwave-assisted preparation microwave assisted preparation microwave-assisted process microwave assisted process microwave-assisted reaction microwave assisted reaction microwave-assisted reactions microwave assisted reaction microwave-assisted synthesis microwave assisted synthesis microwave-assisted technique microwave assisted technique microwave-hydrothermal microwave hydrothermal microwave-hydrothermal methods microwave hydrothermal method microwave-induced microwave induced microwaves microwave mid wave infrared (mwir) mid wave infrared mid-infrared mid infrared mid-infrared detection mid infrared detection mid-infrared laser mid infrared laser midinfrared lasers midinfrared laser mid-infrared photodetectors mid infrared photodetector mid-infrared pump-probe spectroscopy mid infrared pump probe spectroscopy mid-infrared range mid infrared range mid-infrared regions mid infrared region mid-infrared spectra mid infrared spectra mid-infrared spectral regions mid infrared spectral region mid-infrared spectroscopy mid infrared spectroscopy mid-infrared wavelength ranges mid infrared wavelength range mid-infrared wavelengths mid infrared wavelength mid-ir radiation mid ir radiation migration barriers migration barrier mil-101 mil 101 mild reaction conditions mild reaction condition mild temperatures mild temperature military applications military application military fields military field milk adulterations milk adulteration millikelvin temperatures millikelvin temperature millimeter wave circuits millimeter wave circuit millimeter wave devices millimeter wave device millimeter wave frequencies millimeter wave frequency millimeter waves millimeter wave millimeter-scale millimeter scale millimeter-wave applications millimeter wave application millimeter-wave mixer millimeter wave mixer milling conditions milling condition milling machines milling machine milling process milling process mim capacitors mim capacitor mim devices mim device mim diodes mim diode mimetics mimetics mimic enzymes mimic enzyme mimo systems mimo system mindlin plates mindlin plate mineral minerals mineral oils mineral oils minerals minerals miniature instruments miniature instruments miniature reactors miniature reactor miniature sensors miniature sensor miniaturized devices miniaturized device miniaturized electronics miniaturized electronic miniband structures miniband structure minibands miniband mini-emulsion polymerization mini emulsion polymerization minimal effects minimal effect minimal thickness minimal thickness minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) minimum bactericidal concentration minimum bactericidal concentrations minimum bactericidal concentration minimum chip thickness minimum chip thickness minimum conductivities minimum conductivity minimum energy paths minimum energy paths minimum feature sizes minimum feature size minimum loss minimum loss minimum pulse widths minimum pulse widths minimum requirements minimum requirement minimum temperatures minimum temperature minimum thickness minimum thickness minimum-energy structures minimum energy structure minority bands minority band minority-carrier mobility minority carrier mobility mips mips mir-21 mir 21 mirna detections mirna detection mirnas mirna mirnas mirna mirror images mirror image mis devices mis device misfit dislocations misfit dislocation mis-orientation mis orientation mitochondrial membranes mitochondrial membrane mitochondrion mitochondria mixed acids mixed acid mixed crystals mixed crystal mixed edges mixed edge mixed fillers mixed fillers mixed gas mixed gas mixed matrix membranes mixed matrix membrane mixed models mixed model mixed signal applications mixed signal application mixed signal integrated circuits mixed signal integrated circuit mixed suspensions mixed suspension mixed-solvent systems mixed solvent system mixer circuits mixer circuit mixers mixer mixing effects mixing effect mixing process mixing process mixing ratios mixing ratio mixing techniques mixing technique mixture analysis mixture analysis mixture compositions mixture composition mixture gas mixture gas mixtures mixture mizoroki-heck reaction mizoroki heck reaction mm-wave mm wave mm-wave frequencies mm wave frequency mn 3o 4 nanoparticle mn3o 4 nanoparticle mn atoms mn atom mn3o4 nanoparticles mn3o4 nanoparticle mn3o4 nanoparticles mn-doped mn doped m-nitrophenol m nitrophenol mno 2 mno2 mno 2 mno2 mno 2 mno2 mno 2 mno2 mno2 nanosheets mno2 nanosheet mno2 nanowires mno2 nanowire mo calculations mo calculation mo-based catalysts mo based catalyst mobile antennas mobile antenna mobile applications mobile application mobile charge carriers mobile charge carriers mobile devices mobile device mobile dislocations mobile dislocation mobile ions mobile ion mobile species mobile specy mobility fluctuations mobility fluctuation mobility measurements mobility measurement mobility values mobility value modal analysis modal analysis modal decomposition methods modal decomposition method modal properties modal property modal wavelengths modal wavelength mode characteristics mode characteristic mode conversions mode conversion mode frequencies mode frequency mode i fracture toughness mode i fracture toughness mode ii fracture toughness mode ii fracture toughness mode iii fractures mode iii fracture mode lock mode locked mode of operations mode of operation mode shapes mode shape mode-i fracture toughness mode i fracture toughness mode-ii fracture toughness mode ii fracture toughness model and analysis model and analysis model calculations model calculation model catalysts model catalyst model dielectric functions model dielectric function model drugs model drug model hamiltonians model hamiltonians model materials model material model membranes model membrane model parameters model parameter model proteins model protein model reactions model reaction model results model result model structures model structure model substrates model substrate model systems model system model-based model based model-based opc model based opc modeling and simulations modeling and simulation modeling devices modeling device modeling results modeling result modelling modeling modelling and simulations modelling and simulation mode-locked mode locked mode-locked fiber laser mode locked fiber laser mode-locked fiber lasers mode locked fiber laser mode-locked laser mode locked laser mode-locked laser pulse mode locked laser pulse mode-locked lasers mode locked laser mode-locked pulse mode locked pulse mode-locked pulse trains mode locked pulse train mode-locking mode locking mode-locking fiber laser mode locking fiber laser mode-locking techniques mode locking technique models model moderate pressures moderate pressure modern microelectronics modern microelectronic modern technologies modern technology modification methods modification method modification of polymers modification of polymer modification of properties modification of property modification process modification process modification reactions modification reaction modified activated carbons modified activated carbon modified carbon electrodes modified carbon electrode modified chemical vapor depositions modified chemical vapor deposition modified composites modified composite modified electrode surfaces modified electrode surface modified electrodes modified electrode modified embedded atom methods modified embedded atom method modified glassy carbons modified glassy carbon modified graphite electrodes modified graphite electrode modified graphites modified graphite modified interfaces modified interface modified materials modified material modified membranes modified membrane modified multi walled carbon nanotubes modified multi walled carbon nanotubes modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified multi walled carbon nanotube modified pedot:pss modified pedot:pss modified shrinking-core model modified shrinking core model modified sol gel process modified sol gel process modified sol-gel method modified sol gel method modified sol-gel process modified sol gel process modified surfaces modified surface modulated magnetic fields modulated magnetic field modulated structures modulated structure modulated surfaces modulated surface modulation characteristics modulation characteristic modulation effects modulation effect modulation frequencies modulation frequency modulation functions modulation function modulation techniques modulation technique modulation-doped modulation doped modulators modulator modulus modulus modulus enhancements modulus enhancements moems moems moir? patterns moire pattern moir? patterns moir? pattern moir? structures moire structure moire fringes moire fringe moist conditions moist condition moisture barriers moisture barrier moisture sensors moisture sensor mold materials mold material molds mold molecular analysis molecular analysis molecular analytes molecular analyte molecular arrangements molecular arrangements molecular arrays molecular array molecular basis molecular basis molecular beacons molecular beacon molecular beams molecular beam molecular bonds molecular bond molecular bridges molecular bridge molecular brushes molecular brushe molecular building blocks molecular building block molecular catalysts molecular catalyst molecular chains molecular chain molecular clusters molecular cluster molecular components molecular component molecular compounds molecular compound molecular configurations molecular configuration molecular contacts molecular contact molecular crystals molecular crystal molecular designs molecular design molecular devices molecular device molecular diagnosis molecular diagnosis molecular diagnostics molecular diagnostic molecular dimensions molecular dimension molecular diodes molecular diode molecular dynamic simulations molecular dynamic simulation molecular dynamics molecular dynamic molecular dynamics (md) molecular dynamic molecular dynamics (md) simulation molecular dynamics simulation molecular dynamics computer simulations molecular dynamic computer simulation molecular dynamics methods molecular dynamic method molecular dynamics simulation methods molecular dynamic simulation method molecular dynamics simulations molecular dynamic simulation molecular dynamics simulations (mds) molecular dynamics simulation molecular electronic applications molecular electronic application molecular electronic devices molecular electronic device molecular electronics molecular electronic molecular electrostatic potential distributions molecular electrostatic potential distribution molecular electrostatic potentials molecular electrostatic potential molecular energy levels molecular energy level molecular entanglements molecular entanglements molecular films molecular film molecular fingerprint molecular fingerprinting molecular fluorophores molecular fluorophore molecular fragments molecular fragment molecular genetics molecular genetics molecular geometries molecular geometry molecular graphics molecular graphs molecular graphs molecular graphs molecular hybrid molecular hybridization molecular imprinted polymer (mip) molecular imprinted polymer molecular imprinted polymers molecular imprinted polymer molecular imprinting polymers molecular imprinting polymer molecular insights molecular insights molecular interactions molecular interaction molecular level interactions molecular level interaction molecular levels molecular level molecular magnets molecular magnet molecular mass molecular mass molecular materials molecular material molecular mechanical (mm) molecular mechanical molecular mechanicals molecular mechanics molecular mechanics molecular mechanics molecular mechanics calculations molecular mechanics calculation molecular modelling molecular modeling molecular models molecular model molecular motions molecular motion molecular nanomagnets molecular nanomagnets molecular networks molecular network molecular orbitals molecular orbital molecular origins molecular origins molecular overlayers molecular overlayer molecular packings molecular packings molecular parameters molecular parameter molecular patterns molecular pattern molecular physics molecular physics molecular planes molecular plane molecular probe techniques molecular probe technique molecular probes molecular probe molecular properties molecular property molecular resonances molecular resonance molecular segments molecular segments molecular self-assembly molecular self assembly molecular semiconductors molecular semiconductor molecular sensors molecular sensor molecular sheets molecular sheet molecular sieves molecular sieve molecular sieving molecular sieve molecular signals molecular signal molecular simulations molecular simulation molecular species molecular specy molecular spins molecular spin molecular spintronics molecular spintronics molecular statics molecular statics molecular structural mechanics molecular structural mechanics molecular surfaces molecular surface molecular switches molecular switch molecular synthesis molecular synthesis molecular systems molecular system molecular tags molecular tags molecular templates molecular template molecular thickness molecular thickness molecular vibrations molecular vibration molecular wires molecular wire molecular-dynamics (md) simulations molecular dynamics simulation molecular-dynamics simulations molecular dynamics simulation molecular-level insights molecular level insight molecular-level mixing molecular level mixing molecularly imprinted polymer (mip) molecularly imprinted polymer molecularly imprinted polymer films molecularly imprinted polymer film molecularly imprinted polymer membranes molecularly imprinted polymer membrane molecularly imprinted polymers molecularly imprinted polymer molecularly-imprinted polymer (mip) molecularly imprinted polymer molecular-scale devices molecular scale device molecular-sieving effects molecular sieving effect molecule adsorptions molecule adsorption molecule dynamics molecule dynamic molecule interactions molecule interaction molecule sensors molecule sensor molecule substrate interactions molecule substrate interaction molecule-molecule interactions molecule molecule interaction molecules molecule molecules and ions molecule and ion mollow triplets mollow triplets molluscs molluscs molten materials molten material molybdenum compounds molybdenum compound molybdenum disulfide nanosheets molybdenum disulfide nanosheet molybdenum disulphide molybdenum disulfide momentum conservations momentum conservation momentum resolutions momentum resolution momentum spaces momentum space momentum-dependent momentum dependent monatomic chains monatomic chain monitoring methods monitoring method mono- and multilayer mono and multilayer mono-(6-amino-6-deoxy)-?-cyclodextrin mono (6 amino 6 deoxy) ? cyclodextrin monochromatic lasers monochromatic laser monochromator monochromators monochromators monochromators monoclinic structures monoclinic structure monoclonal antibodies monoclonal antibody monocytes monocyte mono-disperse mono disperse monodisperse clusters monodisperse cluster mono-dispersed mono dispersed monodispersed au nanoparticles monodispersed au nanoparticle monolayer assemblies monolayer assembly mono-layer graphene mono layer graphene monolayer graphites monolayer graphite monolayer materials monolayer material monolayer structures monolayer structure monolayer thickness monolayer thickness monolayers monolayer monolith monolithic monolithic columns monolithic columns monolithic electrodes monolithic electrode monolithic integrated circuits monolithic integrated circuit monolithic microwave integrated circuits monolithic microwave integrated circuit monolithic structures monolithic structure monoliths monolithic monomer compositions monomer composition monomers monomer monometallic catalysts monometallic catalyst mononucleotides mononucleotide monopropellants monopropellants monosaccharides monosaccharide monovacancies monovacancy monovalent cations monovalent cation monovalent ions monovalent ion monte carlo analysis monte carlo analysis monte carlo methods monte carlo method monte carlo particles monte carlo particle monte carlo simulations monte carlo simulation monte- carlo simulations monte carlo simulation monte carlo simulators monte carlo simulators monte-carlo simulations monte carlo simulation montmorillonite (mmt) montmorillonite montmorillonite nanocomposites montmorillonite nanocomposite montmorillonites (mt) montmorillonite moo 3 moo3 moore's laws moore's law mori-tanaka models mori tanaka model morphological analysis morphological analysis morphological aspects morphological aspects morphological changes morphological change morphological defects morphological defect morphological features morphological feature morphological observations morphological observation morphological properties morphological property morphological structures morphological structure morphological transformations morphological transformation morphological transitions morphological transition morphologies morphology morphology analysis morphology analysis morphology and crystal structures morphology and crystal structure morphology and crystallizations morphology and crystallization morphology and mechanical properties morphology and mechanical property morphology and structures morphology and structure morphology changes morphology change morphology characterizations morphology characterization morphology investigations morphology investigation morphology of fracture surfaces morphology of fracture surface morphology structures morphology structure morphology transformations morphology transformation morphology transitions morphology transition morphology-controlled morphology controlled mos mos mos 2 mos2 mos 2 mos2 mos 2 mos2 mos 2 mos2 mos capacitors mos capacitor mos devices mos device mose 2 mose2 mosfet mosfets mos-fet mos fet mosfet devices mosfet device motion of electrons motion of electron motion picture experts group standards motion picture experts group standards motor vehicles motor vehicle mott insulators mott insulator mott transitions mott transition mott variable-range hopping mott variable range hopping mouse embryonic fibroblasts mouse embryonic fibroblast mouse-fibroblasts mouse fibroblast moving parts moving parts mp2 calculations mp2 calculation m-plane m plane mr devices mr device mri contrast agents mri contrast agent m-scale m scale mtt assays mtt assay mucin-1 mucin 1 mulliken analysis mulliken analysis mulliken charges mulliken charge mulliken population analysis mulliken population analysis mulliken populations mulliken population multi domains multi domains multi function multi functional multi layer multi layered multi layer architecture multi layered architecture multi layer carbon nanotube multi layered carbon nanotube multi layer carbon nanotubes multi layer carbon nanotubes multi layer coating multi layered coating multi layer gnr multi layered gnr multi layer grapheme multi layered graphene multi layer graphene multi layered graphene multi layer hybrid multi layered hybrid multi layer system multi layered system multi layer thin film multi layered thin film multi layers multi layered multi phase systems multi phase system multi scale analysis multi scale analysis multi scale modelling multi scale modeling multi scatterings multi scattering multi slices multi slice multi terminals multi terminals multi wall carbon nanotube(mwcnt) multi wall carbon nanotube multi wall nanotubes multi wall nanotubes multi walled carbon nanotubes multi walled carbon nanotube multi walled cnt multi walled carbon nanotube multi walled nanotubes multi walled nanotubes multi walls carbon nanotubes multi walls carbon nanotubes multi-analytes multi analyte multiband systems multiband system multi-beam multi beam multi-channel multi channel multi-color emissions multi color emission multicolor luminescences multicolor luminescence multicomponent reactions multicomponent reaction multi-component reactions multi component reaction multicomponents multicomponent multi-conductor transmission lines multi conductor transmission line multicore architectures multicore architecture multi-core processor multi core processor multi-dimensional structure multi dimensional structure multi-directional multi directional multi-disciplinary approach multi disciplinary approach multi-disciplinary research multi disciplinary research multi-electrode multi electrode multielectrode arrays multielectrode array multi-electron multi electron multienzyme complexes multienzyme complex multi-functional multi functional multifunctional additives multifunctional additive multifunctional catalysts multifunctional catalyst multifunctional composites multifunctional composite multifunctional devices multifunctional device multi-functional graphene multi functional graphene multifunctional materials multifunctional material multi-functional materials multi functional material multi-functional nanocarriers multi functional nanocarrier multifunctional nanocomposites multifunctional nanocomposite multifunctional platforms multifunctional platform multifunctional polymer composites multifunctional polymer composite multifunctional probes multifunctional probe multifunctional properties multifunctional property multifunctional sensors multifunctional sensor multi-functional structures multi functional structure multifunctional systems multifunctional system multifunctional textiles multifunctional textile multi-functionalized multi functionalized multi-functions multi functional multi-gene genetic programming multi gene genetic programming multi-graphene multi graphene multi-layer architectures multi layered architecture multilayer assemblies multilayer assembly multi-layer carbon nanotubes multi layered carbon nanotube multilayer designs multilayer design multilayer dielectrics multilayer dielectric multilayer films multilayer film multilayer gnr (mlgnr) multilayer gnr multi-layer gnr (mlgnr) multilayer gnr multilayer grapheme multilayer graphene multi-layer grapheme multilayer graphene multilayer graphemes multilayer graphene multi-layer graphene multilayer graphene multilayer graphene (mlg) multilayer graphene multilayer graphene nanoribbon (mlgnr) multilayer graphene nanoribbon multilayer graphene sheets multilayer graphene sheet multilayer heterostructures multilayer heterostructure multi-layer hybrids multilayer hybrid multilayer junctions multilayer junction multilayer materials multilayer material multilayer sheets multilayer sheet multilayer stacks multilayer stacks multilayer structures multilayer structure multilayer surfaces multilayer surface multi-layer system multilayer system multi-layer thin film multilayer thin film multilayer ultrathin films multilayer ultrathin film multi-layer-coating multilayer coating multi-layered multi layered multilayered composite structures multilayered composite structure multi-layered composites multi layered composite multi-layered films multi layered film multi-layered graphene multi layered graphene multi-layered graphene oxide multi layered graphene oxide multilayered graphene sheets multilayered graphene sheet multi-layered graphene sheets multi layered graphene sheet multilayered materials multilayered material multi-layered media multi layered media multi-layered mediums multi layered medium multilayered nanosheets multilayered nanosheet multilayered nanostructures multilayered nanostructure multi-layered structure multi layered structure multi-layered systems multi layered system multilayers multilayer multi-layers multilayer multilayers films multilayer film multi-level multi level multi-level structures multi level structure multilevels multilevel multi-modal multi modal multi-modality multi modality multimode couplings multimode coupling multimode fibers multimode fiber multimode optical fibers multimode optical fiber multimodes multimode multi-peaks multi peak multi-photon emission multi photon emission multiphoton processes multiphoton process multiphotons multiphotons multi-physics multi physic multi-physics modeling multi physics modeling multiphysics simulations multiphysics simulation multiple analytes multiple analyte multiple applications multiple application multiple binding sites multiple binding site multiple components multiple component multiple defects multiple defect multiple devices multiple device multiple dna targets multiple dna targets multiple excitations multiple excitation multiple exciton generations multiple exciton generation multiple gates multiple gate multiple interactions multiple interaction multiple interfaces multiple interface multiple internal reflections multiple internal reflection multiple layers multiple layer multiple orientations multiple orientation multiple pollutants multiple pollutant multiple reflections multiple reflection multiple surfaces multiple surface multiple wavelengths multiple wavelength multiple-reaction monitoring modes multiple reaction monitoring mode multiplex detections multiplex detection multiplex immunoassays multiplex immunoassay multiplexed analysis multiplexed analysis multiply charged ions multiply charged ion multiply-alkylated cyclopentanes multiply alkylated cyclopentane multiplying circuits multiplying circuit multipoles multipole multi-quantum well structures multi quantum well structure multiquantum wells multiquantum wells multi-response optimization multi response optimization multi-scale multi scale multiscale analysis multiscale analysis multi-scale approaches multi scale approache multi-scale composites multi scale composite multi-scale frameworks multi scale framework multiscale mechanics multiscale mechanics multiscale modeling multiscale model multi-scale modeling multi scale modeling multiscale models multiscale model multi-scale simulation multi scale simulation multi-scale simulations multi scale simulation multi-scale structures multi scale structure multiscales multiscale multi-step multi step multi-user interference multi user interference multivalent cations multivalent cation multi-valued memory multi valued memory multivariate analysis multivariate analysis multi-wall carbon nanotube multi wall carbon nanotube multiwall carbon nanotube (mwcns) multiwall carbon nanotubes multiwall carbon nanotubes multiwall carbon nanotubes multi-wall carbon nanotubes multi wall carbon nanotube multi-wall cnt multi wall cnt multiwall nanotubes multiwall nanotubes multi-wall nanotubes multi wall nanotube multi-walled multi walled multiwalled carbon nanotube multiwalled carbon nanotubes multi-walled carbon nanotube multi walled carbon nanotube multiwalled carbon nanotube (mwcnts) multiwalled carbon nanotubes multiwalled carbon nanotubes multiwalled carbon nanotubes multi-walled carbon nanotubes multi walled carbon nanotube multiwalled carbon nanotubes (mwcn) multiwalled carbon nanotubes multi-walled cnt multiwalled carbon nanotubes multi-walled nanotubes multi walled nanotube multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber lasers multiwavelength erbium doped fiber laser multi-wavelength lasers multi wavelength laser multi-wavelengths multi wavelength murine macrophages murine macrophage mus mus muscles muscle musical instruments musical instruments mussel adhesive proteins mussel adhesive protein mutational analysis mutational analysis mutually independents mutually independents mux-based mux based mwcnt mwcnts mwcnts mwcnts mwnt mwnts mwnts mwnts mycobacterium tuberculosis mycobacterium tuberculosis mycotoxins mycotoxin myoblast myoblasts myogenic differentiations myogenic differentiation myotube myotubes myotubes myotubes n , n-dimethylacetamide n,n dimethylacetamide n ,n-dimethyformamide n,n dimethyformamide n ,n-dimethylacetamide n ,n dimethylacetamide n ,n-dimethylacrylamide n,n dimethylacrylamide n ,n-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate n,n dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate n ,n-dimethylformamide n ,n dimethylformamide n ,n'-methylenebisacrylamide n,n methylenebisacrylamide n- and p-type doping n and p type doping n doped grapheme n doped graphene n- isopropylacrylamide n isopropylacrylamide n species n specy n type conductivity n type conduction n type dopant n type doping n,n-dimethylformamide n,n dimethylformamide n/s co-doping n/s co doping na atoms na atom n-acetylneuraminic acid n acetylneuraminic acid nafion 117 membranes nafion 117 membrane nafion composite membranes nafion composite membrane nafion membranes nafion membrane nafionó nafion nafion-graphene nafion graphene nafion-graphene nanocomposite nafion graphene nanocomposite na-ion batteries na ion battery na-ion battery na ion battery naked-eye naked eye n-alkane n alkane n-alkanes n alkane nancomposites nancomposite nano antennas nano antenna nano carbons nano carbon nano catalysis nano catalysis nano channels nano channel nano clays nano clays nano clusters nano cluster nano composites nano composite nano contacts nano contact nano devices nano device nano diamonds nano diamond nano electromechanical systems nano electromechanical system nano fillers nano filler nano films nano film nano grains nano grains nano hybrids nano hybrids nano lasers nano laser nano layers nano layer nano materials nano material nano particles nano particle nano particulates nano particulate nano porous nano porous nano powders nano powder nano robots nano robot nano scale roughness nano scale roughness nano scale surface roughness nano scale surface roughness nano silicon nano silica nano size nano sized nano structures nano structure nano transistors nano transistor nano wires nano wire nanoactuators nanoactuator nano-ag nano ag nano-alloys nano alloy nanoamorphous-surface-states nanoamorphous surface state nanoanalysis nanoanalysis nano-antenna nano antenna nanoantenna arrays nanoantenna array nanoantennas nanoantenna nano-antennas nano antenna nanoarchitectonics nanoarchitectonics nano-architecture nano architecture nanoarchitectures nanoarchitecture nanoarrays nanoarray nanoasperities nanoasperity nano-assemblies nano assembly nano-au nano au nanoballs nanoballs nanobeads nanobead nanobelt nanobelts nanobelt arrays nanobelt array nanobelts nanobelts nano-bio interface nano bio interface nanobiocatalysis nanobiocatalysis nano-biocomposites nano biocomposite nano-bioelectronics nano bioelectronic nano-biology nano biology nanobiomaterials nanobiomaterial nanobiosensors nanobiosensor nano-biosensors nano biosensor nanoboxes nanobox nano-bubble nano bubble nano-bubble inflation nano bubble inflation nanobubbles nanobubble nanobuilding blocks nanobuilding block nanocables nanocable nanocages nanocage nanocantilevers nanocantilever nanocapacitors nanocapacitor nanocapillaries nanocapillary nanocapsules nanocapsule nano-carbon nano carbon nano-carbon material nano carbon material nanocarbon materials nanocarbon material nanocarbon p/n junctions nanocarbon p/n junction nano-carbon particles nano carbon particle nanocarbon systems nanocarbon system nanocarbons nanocarbon nano-carbons nano carbon nanocarriers nanocarrier nano-carriers nano carrier nanocatalysis nanocatalysis nano-catalysis nano catalysis nano-catalyst nano catalyst nanocatalysts nanocatalyst nano-cavities nano cavity nano-cellulose nano cellulose nanochains nanochain nano-characterization nano characterization nanocluster arrays nanocluster array nanoclusters nanocluster nano-coatings nano coating nano-colloids nano colloid nano-columns nano column nanocommunications nanocommunication nanocomplexes nanocomplex nano-composite nano composite nano-composite coating nano composite coating nanocomposite coatings nanocomposite coating nanocomposite electrodes nanocomposite electrode nanocomposite fibers nanocomposite fiber nanocomposite films nanocomposite film nano-composite films nano composite film nanocomposite foams nanocomposite foams nanocomposite formations nanocomposite formation nanocomposite hydrogel nanocomposite hydrogels nanocomposite hydrogels nanocomposite hydrogels nano-composite layers nano composite layer nanocomposite materials nanocomposite material nanocomposite membranes nanocomposite membrane nano-composite membranes nano composite membrane nanocomposite multilayers nanocomposite multilayer nanocomposite nanofibers nanocomposite nanofiber nano-composite particle nano composite particle nanocomposite polymers nanocomposite polymer nano-composite powders nano composite powder nanocomposite samples nanocomposite sample nanocomposite sensors nanocomposite sensor nano-composite structure nano composite structure nanocomposite supercapacitors nanocomposite supercapacitor nanocomposite synthesis nanocomposite synthesis nanocomposite systems nanocomposite system nanocomposite thin films nanocomposite thin film nanocomposites nanocomposite nano-composites nano composite nano-cones nano cone nanoconfinements nanoconfinements nanoconjugates nanoconjugate nanoconstrictions nanoconstriction nanocontacts nanocontact nanocontainers nanocontainers nanocrystal (ncs) nanocrystal nanocrystal sizes nanocrystal size nanocrystalline alloys nanocrystalline alloy nanocrystalline cellulose(ncc) nanocrystalline cellulose nanocrystalline diamond nanocrystalline diamonds nanocrystalline diamond films nanocrystalline diamond film nanocrystalline diamonds nanocrystalline diamonds nano-crystalline diamonds nano crystalline diamond nano-crystalline films nano crystalline film nanocrystalline materials nanocrystalline material nanocrystalline powders nanocrystalline powder nano-crystalline structures nano crystalline structure nano-crystalline tio nano crystalline tio nanocrystallines nanocrystalline nanocrystallites nanocrystallite nanocrystals nanocrystal nanocubes nanocube nanocylinders nanocylinders nanodendrites nanodendrite nanodevice applications nanodevice application nano-device fabrication nano device fabrication nanodevices nanodevice nano-devices nano device nanodiagnostics nanodiagnostics nanodiamond nanodiamonds nanodiamond films nanodiamond film nano-diamond particles nano diamond particle nanodiamonds nanodiamonds nano-diamonds nano diamond nanodielectrics nanodielectric nanodiscs nanodisks nanodisks nanodisks nano-dispersions nano dispersion nano-dma nano dma nanodomes nanodome nanodot nanodots nanodots nanodots nano-droplets nano droplet nanoelectrode ensembles nanoelectrode ensemble nano-electrodes nano electrode nano-electromechanical nano electromechanical nanoelectromechanical devices nanoelectromechanical device nanoelectromechanical switches nanoelectromechanical switch nanoelectromechanical systems nanoelectromechanical system nanoelectromechanical systems (nems) nanoelectromechanical system nanoelectromechanics nanoelectromechanics nanoelectronic applications nanoelectronic application nanoelectronic circuits nanoelectronic circuit nanoelectronic components nanoelectronic component nanoelectronic devices nanoelectronic device nano-electronic devices nano electronic device nanoelectronic systems nanoelectronic system nanoelectronics nanoelectronic nano-electronics nano electronic nanoelements nanoelement nano-encapsulation nano encapsulation nano-engineering nano engineering nanoensembles nanoensemble nano-fabrication nano fabrication nano-fabrication methods nano fabrication method nanofabrication process nanofabrication process nanofabrication techniques nanofabrication technique nanofacets nanofacets nano-fe nano fe nanofiber arrays nanofiber array nanofiber composites nanofiber composite nanofiber mats nanofiber mats nano-fiber structure nano fiber structure nanofibers nanofiber nanofibres nanofibre nanofibrillated cellulose (nfc) nanofibrillated cellulose nano-fibrous nano fibrou nanofibrous membranes nanofibrous membrane nanofibrous scaffolds nanofibrous scaffold nanofilaments nanofilaments nanofiller dispersions nanofiller dispersion nanofiller systems nanofiller system nanofillers nanofiller nano-fillers nano filler nano-films nano film nanofilters nanofilter nanofiltration membranes nanofiltration membrane nanoflakes nanoflake nano-flakes nano flake nanoflower nanoflowers nanoflowers nanoflowers nanofluid nanofluids nano-fluid nano fluid nano-fluidic devices nano fluidic device nanofluidic systems nanofluidic system nanofluidics nanofluidics nanofluids nanofluids nano-focusing nano focusing nanoforests nanoforests nanoforms nanoform nanoframes nanoframe nano-gap nano gap nanogap electrodes nanogap electrode nanogaps nanogap nanogels nanogel nanogenerators nanogenerator nano-gold nano gold nano-graphene nano graphene nano-graphene oxide nano graphene oxide nanographenes nanographene nano-graphite nano graphite nanographite films nanographite film nano-heterostructures nano heterostructure nanohole arrays nanohole array nanoholes nanohole nano-holes nano hole nanohorn nanohorns nanohorns nanohorns nanohybrid nanohybrids nano-hybrid film nano hybrid film nano-hybrid materials nano hybrid material nanohybrid membranes nanohybrid membrane nanohybrids nanohybrids nanohydbrid hydrogels nanohydbrid hydrogels nano-hydroxyapatite nano hydroxyapatite nano-imaging nano imaging nano-imprint nano imprint nano-imprinting nano imprinting nanoindentation analysis nanoindentation analysis nanoindentation experiments nanoindentation experiment nano-indentation measurements nano indentation measurement nano-indentation methods nano indentation method nanoindentation techniques nanoindentation technique nanoindentation tests nanoindentation test nanoindenters nanoindenters nanointerconnects nanointerconnects nanoionics nanoionics nano-islands nano island nanojunctions nanojunction nanolabels nanolabels nano-laminates nano laminate nanolayers nanolayer nano-lubricants nano lubricant nanomachine nanomachining nanomachines nanomachining nanomagnetics nanomagnetics nanomagnetisms nanomagnetisms nanomagnets nanomagnets nanomanipulations nanomanipulation nano-manufacturing nano manufacturing nanomaterials nanomaterial nano-materials nano material nanomechanical devices nanomechanical device nanomechanical mappings nanomechanical mappings nanomechanical resonances nanomechanical resonance nano-mechanical resonator nano mechanical resonator nanomechanical resonators nanomechanical resonators nanomechanical systems nanomechanical system nanomechanics nanomechanics nanomembranes nanomembrane nano-metal nano metal nanometer dimensions nanometer dimension nano-meter regimes nano meter regime nanometer resolutions nanometer resolution nano-meter scale nano meter scale nanometer scales nanometer scale nanometer sheets nanometer sheet nanometer thickness nanometer thickness nano-meter-scale nano meter scale nanometer-scale particles nanometer scale particle nanometer-scale patterning nanometer scale patterning nanometer-scale resolution nanometer scale resolution nanometer-scale structures nanometer scale structure nanometer-sized particles nanometer sized particle nanometer-sized pore nanometer sized pore nanometres nanometre nanometrics nanometrics nano-molecules nano molecule nanomotors nanomotors nanoneedles nanoneedle nanonetworks nanonetwork nano-networks nano network nanoobjects nanoobjects nano-objects nano object nano-onions nano onion nanooptics nanooptic nano-optics nano optic nanoparticle (nps) nanoparticle nanoparticle adsorptions nanoparticle adsorption nanoparticle catalysts nanoparticle catalyst nanoparticle clusters nanoparticle cluster nanoparticle concentrations nanoparticle concentration nano-particle dispersions nano particle dispersion nanoparticle films nanoparticle film nanoparticle growth mechanisms nanoparticle growth mechanism nanoparticle growths nanoparticle growths nanoparticle loadings nanoparticle loadings nanoparticle monolayers nanoparticle monolayer nanoparticle multilayers nanoparticle multilayer nanoparticle networks nanoparticle network nanoparticle sizes nanoparticle size nanoparticle structures nanoparticle structure nanoparticle synthesis nanoparticle synthesis nanoparticle systems nanoparticle system nanoparticles nanoparticle nanoparticles and nanostructures nanoparticle and nanostructure nanopatches nanopatche nanopaticles nanoparticle nanopatterning techniques nanopatterning technique nanopatterns nanopattern nanopeapods nanopeapods nanopharmaceutics nanopharmaceutics nanophases nanophase nanophotonic circuits nanophotonic circuit nanophotonic devices nanophotonic device nanophotonic structures nanophotonic structure nanophotonics nanophotonics nanophysics nanophysics nanopillar nanopillars nano-pillar arrays nano pillar array nanopillars nanopillars nanopipettes nanopipette nanoplasmonics nanoplasmonic nano-plate nano plate nanoplatelets nanoplatelet nano-platelets nano platelet nanoplates nanoplate nanopores nanopore nanoporous nanoporous nano-porous nano porous nanoporous alumina templates nanoporous alumina template nanoporous carbons nanoporous carbon nanoporous materials nanoporous material nano-porous materials nano porous material nanoporous morphologies nanoporous morphology nanoporous networks nanoporous network nanoporous structures nanoporous structure nanoporous templates nanoporous template nanoprobes nanoprobe nanoproteomics nanoproteomics nano-pump nano pump nanopyramids nanopyramids nano-quencher nano quencher nanoreactors nanoreactor nano-reduced graphene oxide nano reduced graphene oxide nano-reinforcements nano reinforcement nanoresonators nanoresonators nano-resonators nano resonator nanoribbon nanoribbons nanoribbon fets nanoribbon fets nanoribbon structures nanoribbon structure nanoribbons nanoribbons nanoridges nanoridge nano-ring structures nano ring structure nanorings nanoring nanoripples nanoripple nanorobotics nanorobotics nanorobots nanorobot nanorod arrays nanorod array nano-rod arrays nano rod array nanorod composites nanorod composite nanorod morphologies nanorod morphology nanorods nanorod nano-scale nano scale nanoscale applications nanoscale application nanoscale architectures nanoscale architecture nanoscale building blocks nanoscale building block nanoscale circuits nanoscale circuit nano-scale clusters nano scale cluster nano-scale coatings nano scale coating nanoscale communications nanoscale communication nano-scale confinements nano scale confinement nanoscale defects nanoscale defect nanoscale devices nanoscale device nanoscale dimensions nanoscale dimension nano-scale electrocatalysts nano scale electrocatalysts nanoscale electronic devices nanoscale electronic device nanoscale electronics nanoscale electronic nano-scale fabrication nano scale fabrication nanoscale features nanoscale feature nanoscale field-effect transistors nanoscale field effect transistor nano-scale fillers nano scale filler nano-scale geometries nano scale geometry nanoscale graphene platelets nanoscale graphene platelet nano-scale imaging nano scale imaging nano-scale inclusion nano scale inclusion nanoscale inhomogeneities nanoscale inhomogeneity nanoscale interactions nanoscale interaction nanoscale interconnects nanoscale interconnects nanoscale layered materials nanoscale layered material nanoscale levels nanoscale level nanoscale materials nanoscale material nano-scale materials nano scale material nanoscale materials and structures nanoscale material and structure nano-scale measurements nano scale measurement nanoscale mechanical properties nanoscale mechanical property nano-scale objects nano scale object nanoscale particles nanoscale particle nano-scale patterns nano scale pattern nano-scale pores nano scale pore nanoscale properties nanoscale property nanoscale reinforcements nanoscale reinforcements nanoscale resolutions nanoscale resolution nano-scale roughness nano scale roughness nanoscale sensors nanoscale sensor nano-scale simulations nano scale simulation nano-scale surface roughness nano scale surface roughness nano-scale surfaces nano scale surface nano-scale system nano scale system nanoscale technologies nanoscale technology nanoscale thickness nanoscale thickness nanoscale transistors nanoscale transistor nano-scale zero valent irons nano scale zero valent iron nanoscale zero-valent iron nanoscale zero valent iron nanoscale-dispersion nanoscale dispersion nanoscience and nanotechnologies nanoscience and nanotechnology nano-scratch nano scratch nanoscrolls nanoscrolls nanosecond lasers nanosecond laser nanosecond pulse lasers nanosecond pulse laser nano-sensor nano sensor nanosensors nanosensor nanosheet arrays nanosheet array nanosheet electrodes nanosheet electrode nanosheet films nanosheet film nanosheets nanosheet nano-sheets nano sheet nanoshells nanoshell nano-silica nano silica nano-silicon nano silica nano-size nano sized nano-size particles nano size particle nano-sized nano sized nano-sized carbon materials nano sized carbon material nanosized catalysts nanosized catalyst nanosized composites nanosized composite nano-sized crystals nano sized crystal nano-sized nickel nano sized nickel nano-sized particles nano sized particle nano-sized silicon nano sized silicon nanosized structures nanosized structure nanosols nanosols nanosorbents nanosorbents nano-space nano space nanospaces nanospace nanospecies nanospecie nanospheres nanosphere nanospintronics nanospintronics nanosprings nanospring nanostripes nanostripe nanostructural characteristics nanostructural characteristic nanostructural materials nanostructural material nano-structure nano structure nanostructure morphologies nanostructure morphology nano-structured nano structured nanostructured anodes nanostructured anode nanostructured carbon materials nanostructured carbon material nanostructured carbons nanostructured carbon nano-structured catalyst nano structured catalyst nanostructured coatings nanostructured coating nanostructured composite materials nanostructured composite material nanostructured composites nanostructured composite nanostructured electrocatalysts nanostructured electrocatalyst nanostructured electrode materials nanostructured electrode material nanostructured electrodes nanostructured electrode nano-structured electrodes nano structured electrode nano-structured fe nano structured fe nanostructured fibers nanostructured fiber nanostructured fillers nanostructured fillers nanostructured films nanostructured film nanostructured hybrids nanostructured hybrids nanostructured materials nanostructured material nanostructured membranes nanostructured membrane nanostructured metals nanostructured metal nanostructured networks nanostructured network nanostructured particles nanostructured particle nanostructured polymers nanostructured polymer nanostructures nanostructure nano-structures nano structure nano-structuring nano structuring nanosurfaces nanosurface nano-switches nano switch nanosystems nanosystem nanotags nanotags nanotechnology applications nanotechnology application nanotemplates nanotemplate nano-texture nano texture nano-tio nano tio nanotips nanotip nanotopographies nanotopography nanotransistors nanotransistor nanotribological properties nanotribological property nanotube nanotubes nanotube arrays nanotube array nanotube assemblies nanotube assembly nanotube bundles nanotube bundle nanotube chiralities nanotube chiralitie nanotube composites nanotube composite nanotube diameters nanotube diameter nanotube dispersions nanotube dispersion nanotube electrodes nanotube electrode nanotube electronics nanotube electronic nanotube films nanotube film nanotube hybrid materials nanotube hybrid material nanotube junctions nanotube junction nanotube lengths nanotube length nanotube structures nanotube structure nanotube walls nanotube walls nanotube-based composites nanotube based composite nanotube-based devices nanotube based device nanotubes nanotubes nanotubes and fullerenes nanotubes and fullerenes nanowalls nanowalls nanowhiskers nanowhiskers nanowire (nw) nanowire nanowire arrays nanowire array nanowire composites nanowire composite nanowire devices nanowire device nanowire networks nanowire network nanowire structures nanowire structure nanowire transistors nanowire transistor nanowires nanowire nanowires (nws) nanowire nanowires and nanocrystals nanowire and nanocrystal naoh solutions naoh solution naphthacenes naphthacene naphthalene derivatives naphthalene derivative naphthalenes naphthalene naphthalenesulfonates naphthalenesulfonate naphthols naphthol narrow band gap semiconductors narrow band gap semiconductor narrow bands narrow band narrow molecular weight distributions narrow molecular weight distribution narrow pore size distributions narrow pore size distribution narrow pores narrow pore narrow signals narrow signal narrow size distributions narrow size distribution narrow-gap semiconductors narrow gap semiconductor narrow-line width narrow line width n-arylation n arylation n-arylations n arylation nascent hydrogens nascent hydrogen native oxides native oxide native structures native structure natural aquatic environments natural aquatic environment natural configurations natural configuration natural coordinates natural coordinate natural environments natural environment natural fibers natural fiber natural frequencies natural frequency natural gas natural gas natural graphites natural graphite natural materials natural material natural orbitals natural orbital natural organic matter removals natural organic matter removals natural organic matters natural organic matters natural oxides natural oxide natural polymers natural polymer natural precursors natural precursor natural products natural product natural resources natural resource natural rubber composites natural rubber composite natural sciences natural science natural sources natural source natural structures natural structure natural water samples natural water sample natural waters natural water navier-type solutions navier type solution nb-doped srtio nb doped srtio nbo analysis nbo analysis n-butylamine n butylamine nc-afm nc afm n-channel n channel nd : yag lasers nd : yag laser nd:yag nd: yag n-dimethyl formamide n dimethyl formamide n-doped n doped n-doped carbon n doped carbon n-doped grapheme n doped graphene n-doped graphene n doped graphene n-doped mesoporous carbons n doped mesoporous carbon n-doped reduced graphene oxide n doped reduced graphene oxide n-doped tio n doped tio n-doping n doping near band edge emissions near band edge emission near edge x-ray absorption fine structure measurements near edge x ray absorption fine structure measurement near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies near edge x ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy near edge x-ray absorption fine structures near edge x ray absorption fine structure near field interactions near field interaction near field scanning optical microscope near field scanning optical microscopy near fields near field near infra red near infrared near infrared photodetectors near infrared photodetectors near lossless near lossless near surface regions near surface region near-ambient temperatures near ambient temperature near-degenerate near degenerate near-edge x-ray absorption near edge x ray absorption near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies near edge x ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy nearest neighbor approximations nearest neighbor approximation nearest neighbor interactions nearest neighbor interaction nearest neighbors nearest neighbor nearest neighbors nearest neighbor nearest-neighbor nearest neighbor nearest-neighbor coupling nearest neighbor coupling nearest-neighbor interactions nearest neighbor interaction nearest-neighbors nearest neighbour nearest-neighbour nearest neighbour nearest-neighbour interactions nearest neighbour interaction near-field near field near-field coupling near field coupling near-field distribution near field distribution near-field electrospinning near field electrospinning near-field enhancement near field enhancement near-field imaging near field imaging near-field measurement near field measurement near-field microscopy near field microscopy near-field microwave microscopy near field microwave microscopy near-field scanning near field scanning near-field scanning microwave microscope near field scanning microwave microscope near-field scanning optical microscope near field scanning optical microscopy near-field spectroscopy near field spectroscopy near-infrared near infrared near-infrared absorption near infrared absorption near-infrared bands near infrared band near-infrared fluorescence near infrared fluorescence near-infrared laser irradiation near infrared laser irradiation near-infrared lasers near infrared laser near-infrared light near infrared light near-infrared light response near infrared light response near-infrared photoluminescence near infrared photoluminescence near-infrared radiations near infrared radiation near-infrared range near infrared range near-infrared wavelength near infrared wavelength near-ir near ir near-ir absorption near ir absorption near-lossless near lossless near-surface near surface near-surface layers near surface layer near-ultraviolet light-emitting diode near ultraviolet light emitting diode necrosis necrosis necrotic cell deaths necrotic cell deaths needle-like needle like needle-like nanostructure needle like nanostructure needles needle negative active materials negative active material negative bias negative bias negative charging negative charge negative coefficients negative coefficient negative compressibilities negative compressibility negative differential conductivities negative differential conductivity negative differential resistance (ndr) negative differential resistance negative differential resistance characteristics negative differential resistance characteristic negative differential resistances negative differential resistance negative dynamic conductivities negative dynamic conductivity negative gate voltages negative gate voltage negative ions negative ion negative magnetoresistance negative magneto resistance negative magneto-resistance negative magneto resistance negative materials negative material negative nonlinearities negative nonlinearity negative photoresists negative photoresists negative poisson's ratios negative poisson's ratio negative refractions negative refraction negative surface charges negative surface charge negative thermal expansion coefficients negative thermal expansion coefficient negative values negative value negative zeta potentials negative zeta potential negative-energy state negative energy state negatively charged surfaces negatively charged surface negf-dft negf dft neighbor atoms neighbor atom neighboring molecules neighboring molecule nematic liquid crystals nematic liquid crystal nematic liquids nematic liquid nems nems neodymium alloys neodymium alloy neodymium lasers neodymium laser neonicotinoid insecticides neonicotinoid insecticide neoplasm neoplasms neoplasm metastasis neoplasm metastasis neoplasm proteins neoplasm protein neoplasms neoplasms nernst coefficients nernst coefficient nerve agents nerve agent net charges net charge network layers network layer network protocols network protocol network structures network structure network-based network based networked structures networked structure network-on-chip network on chip networks network neural cells neural cells neural interfaces neural interface neural networks neural network neural probes neural probe neural prostheses neural prosthese neural recordings neural recordings neural stem cells neural stem cell neural stem cells neural stem cell neural stimulation and recordings neural stimulation and recordings neural stimulations neural stimulation neural systems neural system neurites neurite neuroblastoma cells neuroblastoma cell neuroblastoma cells neuroblastoma cell neurodegenerative diseases neurodegenerative disease neurologic disease neurological disease neuromorphic systems neuromorphic system neuron neurons neuron cells neuron cells neuronal networks neuronal network neurons neurons neuron-specific enolase neuron specific enolase neuropeptides neuropeptide neuroprosthesis neuroprosthesis neutral analytes neutral analyte neutral atoms neutral atom neutral conditions neutral condition neutral electrolytes neutral electrolyte neutral points neutral point neutral surfaces neutral surface neutral systems neutral system neutrality points neutrality point neutron neutrons neutron radiations neutron radiation neutrons neutrons neutrophils neutrophil neutrophils neutrophil new applications new application new approaches new approache new channels new channel new class new class new classe new class new classes new class new devices new device new dimensions new dimension new directions new direction new energy technologies new energy technology new forms new form new functions new function new graphites new graphite new materials new material new mechanisms new mechanism new members new members new opportunities new opportunity new parameters new parameter new physics new physics new process new process new results new result new series new serie new solutions new solution new structures new structure new technologies new technology newton-raphson method newton raphson method nexafs nexafs next generation networks next generation network next-generation dna sequencing next generation dna sequencing n-fet n fet nf-kappa b nf kappa b n-graphene n graphene nh 3 nh3 nh 3 nh3 nh 3 nh3 nh groups nh group nh3 gas sensors nh3 gas sensor n-heterocyclic carbene ligands n heterocyclic carbene ligand n-heterocyclic carbenes n heterocyclic carbene n-hexane n hexane n-hydroxysuccinimide n hydroxysuccinimide ni adsorptions ni adsorption ni alloys ni alloy ni atoms ni atom ni catalysts ni catalyst ni clusters ni cluster ni contacts ni contact ni films ni film ni nanoparticles ni nanoparticle ni nanowires ni nanowire ni particles ni particle ni substrates ni substrate ni surfaces ni surface ni thin films ni thin film ni(oh) 2 ni(oh)2 ni-al layered double hydroxides ni al layered double hydroxide niche applications niche application nickel alloys nickel alloy nickel coatings nickel coating nickel cobalt oxides nickel cobalt oxide nickel compounds nickel compound nickel deposits nickel deposits nickel hydroxides nickel hydroxide nickel ions nickel ion nickel layers nickel layer nickel nanoparticles nickel nanoparticle nickel nanowires nickel nanowire nickel oxides (nio) nickel oxide nickel particles nickel particle nickel phthalocyanines nickel phthalocyanine nickel substrates nickel substrate nickel surfaces nickel surface nickel-nanoclusters nickel nanocluster nico 2 o 4 nico2o 4 nico 2s 4 nico2o 4 ni-co catalyst ni co catalyst ni-co catalysts ni co catalyst nico-carbonate hydroxides nico carbonate hydroxide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nics nics ni-doped ni doped ni-doping ni doping nih 3t3 cells nih 3t3 cells nih-3t3 cells nih 3t3 cell nio composites nio composite nio films nio film nio nanoparticles nio nanoparticle nio nanoplates nio nanoplate nio nanosheets nio nanosheet niobium compounds niobium compound n-isopropylacrylamides n isopropylacrylamide niti shape memory alloys niti shape memory alloy nitrate anions nitrate anion nitrate ions nitrate ion nitrates nitrate nitrenes nitrene nitride materials nitride material nitride membranes nitride membrane nitride nanoparticles nitride nanoparticle nitride nanostructures nitride nanostructure nitride structures nitride structure nitrides nitride nitrile groups nitrile group nitriles nitrile nitrite oxidations nitrite oxidation nitrites nitrite nitro compounds nitro compound nitroanilines nitroaniline nitroarenes nitroarene nitroaromatic compounds nitroaromatic compound nitroaromatic explosives nitroaromatic explosive nitro-aromatics nitro aromatic nitrobenzenes nitrobenzene nitro-explosives nitro explosive nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherms nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherm nitrogen adsorption measurements nitrogen adsorption measurement nitrogen adsorption-desorption nitrogen adsorption desorption nitrogen and phosphorus nitrogen and phosphorus nitrogen atmospheres nitrogen atmosphere nitrogen atoms nitrogen atom nitrogen bonds nitrogen bond nitrogen compounds nitrogen compound nitrogen concentrations nitrogen concentration nitrogen dioxides nitrogen dioxide nitrogen doped carbon nanotube nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes nitrogen doped grapheme nitrogen doped graphene nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots nitrogen fluxes nitrogen flux nitrogen functional groups nitrogen functional group nitrogen functionalities nitrogen functionality nitrogen gas nitrogen gas nitrogen heterocycles nitrogen heterocycle nitrogen impurities nitrogen impurity nitrogen ion implantations nitrogen ion implantation nitrogen ions nitrogen ion nitrogen isotherms nitrogen isotherm nitrogen levels nitrogen level nitrogen oxides nitrogen oxide nitrogen sources nitrogen source nitrogen species nitrogen specy nitrogen vacancies nitrogen vacancy nitrogen-carbon nitrogen carbon nitrogen-containing carbons nitrogen containing carbon nitrogen-doped nitrogen doped nitrogen-doped carbon nitrogen doped carbon nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers nitrogen doped carbon nanofiber nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes nitrogen-doped carbons nitrogen doped carbon nitrogen-doped grapheme nitrogen doped graphene nitrogen-doped graphemes nitrogen doped graphene nitrogen-doped graphene nitrogen doped graphene nitrogen-doped graphene nanoribbons nitrogen doped graphene nanoribbon nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets nitrogen doped graphene nanosheet nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots nitrogen doped graphene quantum dot nitrogen-doped graphene sheets nitrogen doped graphene sheet nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide nitrogen-doped tio nitrogen doped tio nitrogen-doped tio2 nitrogen doped tio2 nitrogen-doping nitrogen doping nitrogen-doping effects nitrogen doping effect nitrogen-enriched nitrogen enriched nitrogen-rich graphene nitrogen rich graphene nitrogen-vacancy center nitrogen vacancy center nitronium ions nitronium ion nitrophenol nitrophenols nitrophenols nitrophenols nitroxide radicals nitroxide radical nlo materials nlo material nlo properties nlo property n-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone n methyl 2 pyrrolidinone n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone n methyl 2 pyrrolidone n-methylpyrrolidone n methylpyrrolidone nmosfet nmosfets nmr chemical shifts nmr chemical shift nmr measurements nmr measurement nmr studies nmr study nmr techniques nmr technique no 2 no2 no 2 no2 no2 gas sensors no2 gas sensor nobel lectures nobel lecture nobel prize laureates nobel prize laureate nobel prizes nobel prize noble gas noble gas noble gas atoms noble gas atom noble gases noble gas noble metal catalysts noble metal catalyst noble metal clusters noble metal cluster noble metal nanoparticles noble metal nanoparticle noble metals noble metal noble-metal films noble metal film n-octadecyl mercaptan n octadecyl mercaptan n-octanes n octane nodal points nodal point noise analysis noise analysis noise contributions noise contribution noise levels noise level noise measurements noise measurement noise mechanisms noise mechanism noise parameters noise parameter noise properties noise property noise reductions noise reduction non aqueous non aqueous non aqueous synthesis non aqueous synthesis non covalent bondings non covalent bondings non enzymatic electrocatalysis non enzymatic electrocatalysis non equilibrium green function non equilibrium green's function non equilibrium green's function (negf) non equilibrium green's function non equilibrium molecular dynamic (nemd) non equilibrium molecular dynamic non equilibrium process non equilibrium process non equilibriums non equilibriums non graphitizable carbon non graphitic carbon non graphitizing carbon non graphitic carbon non homogeneous non homogeneous non isothermal process non isothermal process non linear regression analysis non linear regression analysis non linearities non linearity non locals non locals non magnetic states non magnetic state non saturable loss non saturable loss non uniform thickness non uniform thickness non-abelian gauge non abelian gauge non-abelian gauge potentials non abelian gauge potential non-additive non additive non-adiabatic non adiabatic non-adiabatic coupling non adiabatic coupling nonadiabatic molecular dynamics nonadiabatic molecular dynamic non-adiabatic transitions non adiabatic transition non-aqueous non aqueous non-aqueous electrolytes non aqueous electrolyte nonaqueous solutions nonaqueous solution non-aqueous solvents non aqueous solvent non-aqueous synthesis non aqueous synthesis non-biofouling non biofouling non-bonding interactions non bonding interaction non-catalytic non catalytic non-centrosymmetric non centrosymmetric non-conductive materials non conductive material nonconductive substrates nonconductive substrate non-contact non contact noncontact methods noncontact method non-contact sensing devices non contact sensing device non-contact techniques non contact technique non-covalent non covalent noncovalent assemblies noncovalent assembly non-covalent bondings non covalent bonding non-covalent functionalisation non covalent functionalisation non-covalent functionalization non covalent functionalization non-covalent immobilization non covalent immobilization non-covalent interaction non covalent interaction noncovalent interactions noncovalent interaction non-covalent interactions non covalent interaction non-degenerate non degenerate non-degenerate limit non degenerate limit non-destructive imaging non destructive imaging non-destructive measurement non destructive measurement nondestructive methods nondestructive method non-destructive technique non destructive technique non-doped non doped non-enzymatic non enzymatic non-enzymatic biosensors non enzymatic biosensor non-enzymatic detection non enzymatic detection non-enzymatic electrocatalysis non enzymatic electrocatalysis non-enzymatic glucose sensor non enzymatic glucose sensor non-enzymatic glucose sensors non enzymatic glucose sensor non-enzymatic sensor non enzymatic sensor nonenzymatic sensors nonenzymatic sensor non-enzymatic sensors non enzymatic sensor non-equilibrium carriers non equilibrium carrier nonequilibrium conditions nonequilibrium condition non-equilibrium dynamics non equilibrium dynamic non-equilibrium electrons non equilibrium electron nonequilibrium green function formalisms nonequilibrium green function formalism nonequilibrium green function formalisms nonequilibrium green's function formalism nonequilibrium green function method nonequilibrium green's function method nonequilibrium green function methods nonequilibrium green's function method non-equilibrium green functions nonequilibrium green's nonequilibrium greens function nonequilibrium green's function non-equilibrium green's function non equilibrium green's function nonequilibrium green's function (negf) nonequilibrium green's function non-equilibrium green's function (negf) nonequilibrium green's function nonequilibrium green's function (negf) formalism nonequilibrium green's function formalism non-equilibrium green's function formalism non equilibrium green's function formalism nonequilibrium green's function formalisms nonequilibrium green's function formalism non-equilibrium green's function formalisms non equilibrium green's function formalism non-equilibrium green's function method non equilibrium green's function method nonequilibrium green's functions nonequilibrium green's function non-equilibrium greens functions nonequilibrium green's function non-equilibrium green's functions nonequilibrium green's function nonequilibrium green's functions formalisms nonequilibrium green's function formalism nonequilibrium molecular dynamic simulation nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation nonequilibrium molecular dynamics nonequilibrium molecular dynamic nonequilibrium molecular dynamics methods nonequilibrium molecular dynamic method nonequilibrium phonons nonequilibrium phonon non-equilibrium process non equilibrium process non-equilibrium steady state non equilibrium steady state non-exponential behavior non exponential behavior non-graphitic carbon non graphitic carbon non-graphitizable carbon non graphitic carbon non-graphitizing carbons non graphitic carbon non-homogeneous non homogeneou non-hydrogen atoms non hydrogen atom non-hydrolytic sol-gel non hydrolytic sol gel non-idealities non ideality non-imprinted polymers non imprinted polymer non-intrusive non intrusive non-invasive non invasive non-invasive imaging non invasive imaging noninvasive medical procedures noninvasive medical procedure noninvasive methods noninvasive method nonionic surfactants nonionic surfactant non-isothermal crystallization non isothermal crystallization nonisothermal crystallization kinetics nonisothermal crystallization kinetic non-isothermal kinetic non isothermal kinetic non-isothermal process non isothermal process non-linear non linear nonlinear absorption properties nonlinear absorption property nonlinear absorptions nonlinear absorption nonlinear analysis nonlinear analysis nonlinear applications nonlinear application nonlinear behaviours nonlinear behavior nonlinear behaviours nonlinear behavior non-linear bending non linear bending non-linear boundary conditions non linear boundary condition nonlinear characteristics nonlinear characteristic nonlinear components nonlinear component non-linear current-voltage characteristics non linear current voltage characteristic non-linear damages non linear damage nonlinear deformations nonlinear deformation non-linear devices non linear device nonlinear dynamic characteristics nonlinear dynamic characteristic nonlinear dynamical behaviors nonlinear dynamical behavior nonlinear dynamics nonlinear dynamic non-linear dynamics non linear dynamic nonlinear effects nonlinear effect non-linear elastic behavior non linear elastic behavior nonlinear elastics nonlinear elastics non-linear electrical properties non linear electrical property nonlinear electromagnetic waves nonlinear electromagnetic wave nonlinear equations nonlinear equation nonlinear fiber-optics nonlinear fiber optic non-linear free vibration non linear free vibration nonlinear frequency conversion efficiencies nonlinear frequency conversion efficiencie nonlinear functions nonlinear function nonlinear interactions nonlinear interaction nonlinear materials nonlinear material nonlinear mechanics nonlinear mechanics nonlinear mechanisms nonlinear mechanism nonlinear optical nonlinear optic non-linear optical non linear optical nonlinear optical applications nonlinear optical application non-linear optical characteristics non linear optical characteristic nonlinear optical devices nonlinear optical device nonlinear optical effects nonlinear optical effect nonlinear optical interactions nonlinear optical interaction non-linear optical material non linear optical material nonlinear optical materials nonlinear optical material nonlinear optical parameters nonlinear optical parameter nonlinear optical process nonlinear optical process nonlinear optical properties nonlinear optical property non-linear optical properties non linear optical property nonlinear optical studies nonlinear optical study nonlinear optical susceptibilities nonlinear optical susceptibility nonlinear optics nonlinear optic non-linear phenomena non linear phenomena nonlinear photonic devices nonlinear photonic device nonlinear process nonlinear process nonlinear properties nonlinear property non-linear reflectivity non linear reflectivity non-linear refraction non linear refraction non-linear regimes non linear regime non-linear regression non linear regression nonlinear regression analysis nonlinear regression analysis non-linear regression analysis non linear regression analysis nonlinear regression models nonlinear regression model nonlinear relations nonlinear relation non-linear response non linear response nonlinear springs nonlinear spring non-linear stress-strain non linear stress strain nonlinear structural mechanics nonlinear structural mechanics nonlinear substrates nonlinear substrate nonlinear techniques nonlinear technique nonlinear terahertz spectroscopies nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy nonlinear terms nonlinear terms nonlinear thz spectroscopies nonlinear thz spectroscopy non-linear variation non linear variation nonlinear vibration analysis nonlinear vibration analysis non-linear vibrations non linear vibration nonlinear waves nonlinear wave non-linearity non linearity non-linearity enhancement non linearity enhancement nonlinear-optical response nonlinear optical response nonlocal continuum theories nonlocal continuum theory nonlocal continuums nonlocal continuum nonlocal correlations nonlocal correlation non-local density functional theories non local density functional theory non-local effect non local effect non-local effects non local effect non-local elasticities non local elasticity non-local elasticity theories non local elasticity theory non-local elasticity theory non local elasticity theory non-local equations non local equation non-local interactions non local interaction non-local measurement non local measurement nonlocal models nonlocal model nonlocal spin valves nonlocal spin valve nonlocal stress nonlocal stress nonlocalities nonlocality non-locality effects non locality effect nonmagnetic nonmagnetics non-magnetic non magnetic nonmagnetic groundstates nonmagnetic groundtate non-magnetic impurities non magnetic impurity non-magnetic materials non magnetic material nonmagnetic metals nonmagnetic metal non-magnetic semiconductors non magnetic semiconductor nonmagnetics nonmagnetics nonmetal catalysis nonmetal catalysis non-metallic non metallic nonmetallic matrix composites nonmetallic matrix composite non-metallic substrates non metallic substrate nonmetals nonmetal nonmonotonic behaviors nonmonotonic behavior non-monotonic dependence non monotonic dependence non-monotonic function non monotonic function non-monotonic variation non monotonic variation non-noble electrocatalysts non noble electrocatalyst non-noble metal catalyst non noble metal catalyst non-noble metal catalysts non noble metal catalyst non-noble-metal catalyst non noble metal catalyst non-orthogonal non orthogonal non-oxidative non oxidative non-perturbative effects non perturbative effect non-planar devices non planar device non-planar substrates non planar substrate non-planar surfaces non planar surface non-platinum non platinum non-polar non polar nonpolar organic solvents nonpolar organic solvent non-polar solvents non polar solvent non-polar surfaces non polar surface non-polymeric materials non polymeric material nonpolymeric materials and composites nonpolymeric material and composite non-polymeric materials and composites non polymeric materials and composite non-porous carbon non porous carbon non-precious catalysts non precious catalyst non-precious metal catalysts non precious metal catalyst non-precious metals non precious metal non-radiative non radiative nonradiative decays nonradiative decay non-radiative recombinations non radiative recombination non-radiative transitions non radiative transition nonreciprocal components nonreciprocal component non-reciprocity non reciprocity non-saturable loss non saturable loss non-saturation non saturation nonsolvent-induced phase separation nonsolvent induced phase separation non-solvents non solvent non-specific binding non specific binding non-specific protein adsorption non specific protein adsorption non-stoichiometric non stoichiometric non-stoichiometric materials non stoichiometric material non-stoichiometry non stoichiometry non-toxic non toxic non-toxic materials non toxic material non-toxicity non toxicity non-trivial non trivial non-uniform non uniform non-uniform distribution non uniform distribution non-uniform doping non uniform doping nonuniform magnetic fields nonuniform magnetic field non-uniform strain non uniform strain non-uniform thickness non uniform thickness non-uniformities non uniformity non-viral carriers non viral carrier non-volatile non volatile non-volatile data non volatile data nonvolatile flash memories nonvolatile flash memory nonvolatile memories nonvolatile memory non-volatile memories non volatile memory non-volatile memory non volatile memory non-volatile memory application non volatile memory application nonvolatile memory devices nonvolatile memory device non-volatile memory transistors non volatile memory transistor non-woven non woven nonwoven fabrics nonwoven fabrics nonylphenols nonylphenols nonzero values nonzero value normal forces normal force normal hydrogen electrodes normal hydrogen electrode normal incidences normal incidence normal loads normal load normal metals normal metal normal modes normal mode normal stress normal stress notch filters notch filter novel applications novel application novel catalysts novel catalyst novel coatings novel coating novel device architectures novel device architecture novel devices novel device novel functional materials novel functional material novel materials novel material novel methods novel method novel nanocomposites novel nanocomposite novel polymers novel polymer novel strategies novel strategy novel structures novel structure novel surfaces novel surface novel techniques novel technique n-oxides n oxide npn junctions npn junction nps nps n-substitution n substitution ntt laboratories ntt laboratory n-type conduction n type conduction n-type conductivity n type conduction n-type dopants n type doping n-type doping n type doping n-type ge n type ge n-type semiconductors n type semiconductor n-type zinc oxides n type zinc oxide nuclear energy systems nuclear energy system nuclear magnetic resonance(nmr) nuclear magnetic resonance nuclear motions nuclear motion nuclear physics nuclear physics nuclear power plants nuclear power plants nuclear reactions nuclear reaction nuclear reactors nuclear reactor nuclear spins nuclear spin nucleating agents nucleating agent nucleating sites nucleating site nucleation agents nucleation agent nucleation and growth kinetics nucleation and growth kinetic nucleation densities nucleation density nucleation layers nucleation layer nucleation points nucleation point nucleation process nucleation process nucleation seeds nucleation seeds nucleation sites nucleation site nucleation stages nucleation stage nucleic acid amplification techniques nucleic acid amplification technique nucleic acid analysis nucleic acid analysis nucleic acid basis nucleic acid base nucleic acid sequences nucleic acid sequence nucleic acids nucleic acid nucleobases nucleobase nucleophiles nucleophile nucleophilic additions nucleophilic addition nucleophilic ring-opening reaction nucleophilic ring opening reaction nucleophilic substitution reactions nucleophilic substitution reaction nucleophilic substitutions nucleophilic substitution nucleoside triphosphates nucleoside triphosphate nucleosides nucleoside nucleotide basis nucleotide basis nucleotides nucleotide nucleus-independent chemical shifts nucleus independent chemical shift nudged elastic band methods nudged elastic band method null points null point number of active sites number of active site number of carbon atoms number of carbon atom number of clusters number of cluster number of cycles number of cycle number of electrons number of electron number of layers number of layer number of methods number of method number of samples number of sample number of transmissions number of transmission number of unit cells number of unit cells number of zeros number of zeros numerica l results numerica l result numerical analysis numerical analysis numerical approaches numerical approach numerical calculations numerical calculation numerical computations numerical computation numerical experiments numerical experiment numerical investigations numerical investigation numerical methods numerical method numerical modeling numerical model numerical models numerical model numerical outcomes numerical outcome numerical predictions numerical prediction numerical procedures numerical procedure numerical renormalization groups numerical renormalization group numerical results numerical result numerical simulations numerical simulation numerical simulators numerical simulation numerical solutions numerical solution numerical solvers numerical solvers numerical studies numerical study numerical techniques numerical technique numerical treatments numerical treatment numerical values numerical value n-vinyl pyrrolidone n vinyl pyrrolidone n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone n vinyl 2 pyrrolidone n-vinylcarbazole n vinylcarbazole nylon-6 nylon 6 nylon-6 ,6 nylon 6,6 nylons nylon nyquist plots nyquist plots nyquist stability analysis nyquist stability analysis o k-edges o k edges o- phenylenediamine o phenylenediamine o rings o ring observation of microstructures observation of microstructure obstetrics obstetrics occupation numbers occupation number ochratoxins ochratoxin octadecanoic acids octadecanoic acid octadecyl slica disks octadecyl slica disks octadecylamines octadecylamine octadecylphosphonic acids octadecylphosphonic acid octahedral sites octahedral site octamers octamers octoxinol octoxynol octylphenol octylphenols octylphenols octylphenols odd electrons odd electron odd numbers odd number o-dichlorobenzene o dichlorobenzene o-doped graphene o doped graphene odor odors odors odors ofets ofet off axis off axis off-axis off axis off-chip off chip off-current off current off-diagonal disorder off diagonal disorder off-gas treatment off gas treatment offset frequencies offset frequency off-state current off state current off-state leakage current off state leakage current o-h bond o h bond ohmic behaviour ohmic behavior ohmic contacts ohmic contact ohmic currents ohmic current ohmic metals ohmic metal oil adsorption capacities oil adsorption capacity oil droplets oil droplets oil fields oil field oil industries oil industry oil spill oil spills oil spills oil spills oil water interfaces oil water interface oil wells oil wells oil/water oil in water oil/water emulsion oil in water emulsion oil/water interface oil in water interface oil/water interfaces oil in water interface oil/water separation oil in water separation oil-in-water oil in water oil-in-water emulsions oil in water emulsion oils oil oils and fats oils and fats oilseeds oilseeds oil-water interface oil water interface oil-water separation oil water separation olefin block copolymers olefin block copolymer olefins olefins oleic acids oleic acid olfactory receptors olfactory receptor olfactory systems olfactory system oligoanilines oligoaniline oligodeoxyribonucleotides oligodeoxyribonucleotide oligomer oligomers oligomers oligomers oligonucleotide array sequence analysis oligonucleotide array sequence analysis oligonucleotide probes oligonucleotide probe oligonucleotide sequences oligonucleotide sequence oligonucleotides oligonucleotide oligopeptides oligopeptide oligophenylenevinylenes oligophenylenevinylene oligosaccharides oligosaccharide oligothiophenes oligothiophene on- and off-currents on and off current on chip on chips on conductivities on conductivity on currents on current on dynamics on dynamic on the flies on the fly on/off-current ratios on/off current ratio on-chip on chips on-chip interconnects on chip interconnect on-currents on current on-demand release on demand release one dimensional (1d) nanostructures one dimensional (1d) nanostructure one dimensional photonic crystal (1d pc) one dimensional photonic crystal one photon process one photon process one pot hydrothermal synthesis one pot hydrothermal synthesis one pot process one pot process one pot synthesis one pot synthesis one step electrochemical synthesis one step electrochemical synthesis one step in situ synthesis one step in situ synthesis one step process one step process one step synthesi one step synthesis one step synthesis one step synthesis one-dimension one dimension one-dimensional one dimensional one-dimensional (1d) models one dimensional (1d) model one-dimensional (1d) photonic crystals one dimensional (1d) photonic crystal one-dimensional chains one dimensional chain one-dimensional channels one dimensional channel one-dimensional conductors one dimensional conductor one-dimensional geometry one dimensional geometry one-dimensional gratings one dimensional grating one-dimensional lattice one dimensional lattice one-dimensional materials one dimensional material one-dimensional model one dimensional model one-dimensional modeling one dimensional modeling one-dimensional morphologies one dimensional morphology one-dimensional nanostructure one dimensional nanostructure one-dimensional photonic crystal (1d pc) one dimensional photonic crystal one-dimensional potential one dimensional potential one-dimensional structure one dimensional structure one-dimensional superlattices one dimensional superlattice one-dimensional systems one dimensional system one-electron oxidation one electron oxidation one-electron reductions one electron reduction one-electron transfer one electron transfer one-factor one factor one-photon process one photon process one-pot one pot one-pot hydrothermal reaction one pot hydrothermal reaction one-pot hydrothermal route one pot hydrothermal route one-pot hydrothermal synthesis one pot hydrothermal synthesis one-pot method one pot method one-pot preparations one pot preparation one-pot procedures one pot procedure one-pot reaction one pot reaction one-pot synthesis one pot synthesis one-step one step one-step electrochemical synthesis one step electrochemical synthesis one-step electrodeposition one step electrodeposition one-step electrodepositions one step electrodeposition one-step electroplating one step electroplating one-step method one step method one-step methods one step method one-step preparation one step preparation one-step process one step process one-step reactions one step reaction one-step reduction one step reduction one-step synthesis one step synthesis one-sun illumination one sun illumination onion-like carbon onion like carbon online analysis online analysis online systems online system on-off ratio on off ratio on-resistance on resistance onset decomposition temperatures onset decomposition temperature on-site energy on site energy on-state resistance on state resistance on-the-fly on the fly on-wafer on wafer on-wafer measurements on wafer measurement on-wire lithography on wire lithography open aperture z-scan method open aperture z scan method open cellular structures open cellular structure open channels open channel open circuit currents open circuit current open edges open edge open frameworks open framework open problems open problem open systems open system open-circuit output voltages open circuit output voltage open-circuit potential open circuit potential open-shell open shell open-shell character open shell character open-tubular capillary electrochromatography open tubular capillary electrochromatography operating modes operating mode operating parameters operating parameter operating points operating point operating principles operating principle operating temperatures operating temperature operation conditions operation condition operation currents operation current operation parameters operation parameter operation rates operation rate operational amplifiers operational amplifier operational characteristics operational characteristic operational conditions operational condition operational parameters operational parameter o-phenylenediamine o phenylenediamine ophenylenediamine (opd) ophenylenediamine opposite edges opposite edge oppositely charged polyelectrolytes oppositely charged polyelectrolyte optical- optical optical absorbers optical absorbers optical absorption coefficients optical absorption coefficient optical absorption properties optical absorption property optical absorption studies optical absorption study optical absorptions optical absorption optical analogies optical analogy optical analogues optical analogue optical analysis optical analysis optical and electric properties optical and electric property optical and electrical properties optical and electrical property optical and electron microscopies optical and electron microscopy optical and electronic properties optical and electronic property optical and mechanical properties optical and mechanical property optical and thermal properties optical and thermal property optical antennae optical antenna optical antennas optical antenna optical applications optical application optical band gaps optical band gap optical beam splitters optical beam splitters optical bio sensing optical biosensor optical bio sensor optical biosensor optical bio-sensing optical biosensor optical bio-sensors optical biosensor optical cavities optical cavity optical characteristics optical characteristic optical chemical sensors optical chemical sensor optical circuits optical circuit optical coefficients optical coefficient optical collimators optical collimators optical communication technologies optical communication technology optical components optical component optical conductivity measurements optical conductivity measurement optical constants optical constant optical contrasts optical contrast optical couplings optical coupling optical cycles optical cycle optical damages optical damage optical data links optical data links optical densities optical density optical detectors optical detectors optical devices optical device optical differentials optical differentials optical diodes optical diode optical displays optical displays optical electronics optical electronic optical elements optical element optical emissions optical emission optical excitations optical excitation optical experiments optical experiment optical features optical feature optical fiber current sensors optical fiber current sensor optical fiber sensors optical fiber sensor optical fiber systems optical fiber system optical fibers optical fiber optical films optical film optical fluences optical fluence optical functionalities optical functionality optical gas sensors optical gas sensor optical image optical imaging optical instrument lenses optical instrument lense optical instruments optical instrument optical intensities optical intensity optical interconnect optical interconnects optical interconnects optical interconnects optical interference effects optical interference effect optical lattices optical lattice optical limiter optical limiters optical limiters optical limiters optical limiting applications optical limiting application optical limiting effects optical limiting effect optical limiting materials optical limiting material optical limiting properties optical limiting property optical limits optical limit optical lines optical line optical materials optical material optical materials and properties optical material and property optical measurement techniques optical measurement technique optical metamaterials optical metamaterial optical methods optical method optical microcavities optical microcavity optical micrographs optical micrograph optical microscopes optical microscopy optical modeling optical model optical models optical model optical modes optical mode optical modulators optical modulator optical multilayers optical multilayer optical nanodevices optical nanodevice optical nonlinear optical nonlinearity optical parametric oscillators optical parametric oscillators optical phase shifts optical phase shift optical phonon energies optical phonon energy optical phonon frequencies optical phonon frequency optical phonon modes optical phonon mode optical phonons optical phonon optical process optical process optical processes optical process optical properties optical property optical pulses optical pulse optical pump-probe spectroscopy optical pump probe spectroscopy optical pumps optical pumps optical qualities optical quality optical radiations optical radiation optical rectifications optical rectification optical regions optical region optical resonators optical resonators optical responses optical response optical rings optical ring optical second-harmonic generation optical second harmonic generation optical selection rules optical selection rule optical sensors optical sensor optical signals optical signal optical signatures optical signature optical structures optical structure optical substrates optical substrate optical switches optical switch optical switching optical switch optical switching applications optical switching application optical systems optical system optical thickness optical thickness optical tools optical tools optical transition energies optical transition energy optical transitions optical transition optical transmission measurements optical transmission measurement optical transmissions optical transmission optical tweezers optical tweezers optical waveguides optical waveguide optical waves optical wave optical-electronic optical electronic optically pumped lasers optically pumped laser optically transparent and flexible electronics optically transparent and flexible electronic optically transparent conductors optically transparent conductors optical-optical efficiency optical optical efficiency optical-phonon resonance optical phonon resonance optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy optical pump terahertz probe spectroscopy optical-to-optical conversion efficiencies optical to optical conversion efficiency optics optic optics and photonics optic and photonics optimal capacitances optimal capacitance optimal catalysts optimal catalyst optimal conditions optimal condition optimal devices optimal device optimal experimental conditions optimal experimental condition optimal experiments optimal experiment optimal materials optimal material optimal methods optimal method optimal properties optimal property optimal structures optimal structure optimal synthesis optimal synthesis optimal thickness optimal thickness optimal values optimal value optimisations optimisation optimised conditions optimised condition optimization techniques optimization technique optimized architectures optimized architecture optimized combinations optimized combination optimized composites optimized composite optimized conditions optimized condition optimized designs optimized design optimized geometries optimized geometry optimized process optimized process optimized reaction conditions optimized reaction condition optimized structures optimized structure optimized synthesis optimized synthesis optimizing parameters optimizing parameter optimum conditions optimum condition optimum configurations optimum configuration optimum extraction conditions optimum extraction condition optimum operating conditions optimum operating condition optimum parameters optimum parameter optimum reaction conditions optimum reaction condition optimum thickness optimum thickness opto electronic process opto electronic process optoelectrical properties optoelectrical property optoelectronic applications optoelectronic application opto-electronic applications opto electronic application optoelectronic characteristics optoelectronic characteristic optoelectronic circuits optoelectronic circuit optoelectronic components optoelectronic component optoelectronic devices optoelectronic device optoelectronic materials optoelectronic material opto-electronic materials opto electronic material optoelectronic nanodevices optoelectronic nanodevice opto-electronic process opto electronic process optoelectronic properties optoelectronic property optoelectronic sensors optoelectronic sensor optoelectronic systems optoelectronic system optoelectronics optoelectronic opto-electronics opto electronic optoelectronics devices optoelectronic device optogenetics optogenetics opto-mechanical systems opto mechanical system optomechanics optomechanics opto-mechanics opto mechanic oral presentations oral presentation orange-red orange red orbital orbitals orbital analysis orbital analysis orbital basis orbital basis orbital calculations orbital calculation orbital effects orbital effect orbital models orbital model orbital motions orbital motion orbital symmetries orbital symmetry orbits orbit order disorder transitions order disorder transition order dispersions order dispersion order of magnitudes order of magnitude order parameters order parameter ordered domains ordered domains ordered grain boundaries ordered grain boundary ordered grains ordered grains ordered mesopore ordered mesoporous ordered mesopores ordered mesoporous ordered mesoporous ordered mesoporous ordered mesoporous carbons ordered mesoporous carbon ordered mesoporous materials ordered mesoporous material ordered mesoporous silicas ordered mesoporous silicas ordered mesoporous structures ordered mesoporous structure ordered microstructures ordered microstructure ordered nanostructures ordered nanostructure ordered porous ordered porous ordered structures ordered structure ordering kinetics ordering kinetic ordering transitions ordering transition orders of magnitudes order of magnitude orders-of-magnitude orders of magnitude organic organics organic acids organic acid organic active layers organic active layer organic binders organic binders organic bulk heterojunction solar cells organic bulk heterojunction solar cells organic bulk heterojunctions organic bulk heterojunction organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells organic bulk heterojunction solar cells organic capacitors organic capacitor organic cathode materials organic cathode material organic chains organic chain organic chemicals organic chemical organic chromophores organic chromophore organic coatings organic coating organic complementary circuits organic complementary circuit organic compounds organic compound organic conductors organic conductors organic devices organic device organic dielectrics organic dielectric organic donors organic donor organic dyes organic dye organic electrochemical transistor (oects) organic electrochemical transistor organic electrochemical transistors organic electrochemical transistor organic electrodes organic electrode organic electrolytes organic electrolyte organic electronic devices organic electronic device organic electronic materials organic electronic material organic electronics organic electronic organic ferromagnets organic ferromagnets organic field effect transistors organic field effect transistor organic field-effect transistor (ofets) organic field effect transistor organic field-effect transistors organic field effect transistor organic films organic film organic fluorophores organic fluorophore organic fragments organic fragment organic free radicals organic free radical organic functional groups organic functional group organic heterojunctions organic heterojunction organic hybrids organic hybrids organic lasers organic laser organic layers organic layer organic ligands organic ligand organic light emitting diodes (oled) organic light emitting diode organic light emitting diodes(oleds) organic light emitting diode organic light-emitting devices organic light emitting device organic light-emitting diode organic light emitting diode organic light-emitting diodes organic light emitting diode organic materials organic material organic memory devices organic memory device organic metals organic metal organic molecules organic molecule organic monolayers organic monolayer organic nanomaterials organic nanomaterial organic nanostructures organic nanostructure organic nonvolatile memories organic nonvolatile memory organic optoelectronics organic optoelectronic organic packaging substrates organic packaging substrate organic photovoltaic (opv) organic photovoltaic organic photovoltaic cell organic photovoltaic cells organic photovoltaic cells organic photovoltaic cells organic photovoltaic devices organic photovoltaic device organic photovoltaics organic photovoltaics organic pollutants organic pollutant organic polymer materials organic polymer material organic polymers organic polymer organic residues organic residue organic semiconducting materials organic semiconducting material organic semiconductor films organic semiconductor film organic semiconductors organic semiconductor organic sensors organic sensor organic single crystals organic single crystal organic solar cells organic solar cell organic solids organic solid organic solutions organic solution organic solvent-free organic solvent free organic solvents organic solvent organic spintronics organic spintronics organic surfactants organic surfactant organic suspensions organic suspension organic synthesis organic synthesis organic systems organic system organic thin film transistor (otfts) organic thin film transistor organic thin film transistors organic thin film transistor organic thin films organic thin film organic thin-film transistor organic thin film transistor organic transformations organic transformation organic transistors organic transistor organic vapors organic vapor organic volatiles organic volatile organic wastes organic waste organic/inorganic composites organic/inorganic composite organic/inorganic hybrids organic/inorganic hybrids organic-inorganic organic inorganic organic-inorganic composite organic inorganic composite organic-inorganic composites organic inorganic composite organic-inorganic hybrid organic inorganic hybrid organic-inorganic hybrid coatings organic inorganic hybrid coating organic-inorganic hybrid composites organic-inorganic hybrid materials organic inorganic hybrid material organics organics organocatalysis organocatalysis organocatalysts organocatalyst organochlorine pesticides organochlorine pesticide organogel organogels organogels organogels organometallic organometallics organo-metallic complexes organo metallic complex organometallic compounds organometallic compound organometallic precursors organometallic precursor organometallics organometallics organophos phorus pesticides organophos phorus pesticide organophosphate pesticides organophosphate pesticide organophosphates organophosphate organophosphorous pesticides organophosphorous pesticide organophosphorus compounds organophosphorus compound organophosphorus pesticides organophosphorus pesticide organophos-phorus pesticides organophos phorus pesticide organoplatinum compounds organoplatinum compound organosilanes organosilane organosilicon compounds organosilicon compound orientation angles orientation angle orientation changes orientation change orientation distributions orientation distribution orientation factors orientation factor orientational dynamics orientational dynamic orientational order orientational ordering orientational order parameters orientational order parameter orientational orderings orientational ordering orientational orders orientational ordering oriented carbon nanotubes oriented carbon nanotubes oriented crystals oriented crystal oriented thin films oriented thin film origin and destinations origin and destination original structures original structure original systems original system or-networks or network orr oxygen reduction reaction orr activities oxygen reduction reaction activity orr activity oxygen reduction reaction activity orr catalyst oxygen reduction reaction catalyst orr catalysts oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst orr electrocatalyst oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst orr electrocatalysts oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst orr reactivity oxygen reduction reaction reactivity ortho-dichlorobenzene orthogonal dichlorobenzene orthogonal directions orthogonal direction orthogonal functions orthogonal function orthogonal orientations orthogonal orientation orthogonal polarizations orthogonal polarization orthopedic applications orthopedic application orthopedics orthopedics orthotropic materials orthotropic material orthotropic plates orthotropic plate orthotropic single-layered graphene sheets orthotropic single layered graphene sheet oryzias oryzias oscillating amplitudes oscillating amplitude oscillating fields oscillating field oscillating frequencies oscillating frequency oscillating modes oscillating mode oscillation periods oscillation periods oscillator strengths oscillator strength oscillators oscillators oscillator-strength sum rule oscillator strength sum rule oscillatory behaviors oscillatory behavior oscillatory functions oscillatory function oscillatory variations oscillatory variation osmium complexes osmium complex osmosis osmosis osmosis membranes osmosis membrane osmotic stress osmotic stress osteoblast cells osteoblast cells osteoblast like cells osteoblast like cells osteoblastic cells osteoblastic cells osteoblast-like cells osteoblast like cell osteoblasts osteoblast osteogenesis osteogeneis osteoinductive properties osteoinductive property other applications other application other conducting polymers other conducting polymer other opto-electronic devices other opto electronic device other properties other property out-coupling efficiency out coupling efficiency out-diffusion out diffusion outer diameters outer diameter outer shells outer shells out-of plane out of plane out-of-plane out of plane out-of-plane anisotropy out of plane anisotropy out-of-plane bending out of plane bending out-of-plane components out of plane component out-of-plane deformations out of plane deformation out-of-plane direction out of plane direction out-of-plane displacement out of plane displacement out-of-plane distortions out of plane distortion out-of-plane modes out of plane mode out-of-plane vibrations out of plane vibration output characteristics output characteristic output couplers output couplers output parameters output parameter output power levels output power level output voltages output voltage ovalbumins ovalbumin ovarian cancer cells ovarian cancer cells ovarian neoplasms ovarian ovens ovens overall characteristics overall characteristic overall properties overall property overall stabilities overall stability over-barrier emission over barrier emission overdamped particles overdamped particle overlapping domain decompositions overlapping domain decomposition overlayers overlayer overoxidations overoxidation over-voltages over voltage oxazines oxazine oxidants oxidants oxidation activities oxidation activity oxidation behaviors oxidation behavior oxidation conditions oxidation condition oxidation currents oxidation current oxidation debris oxidation debris oxidation effects oxidation effect oxidation kinetics oxidation kinetic oxidation mechanisms oxidation mechanism oxidation of formic acids oxidation of formic acid oxidation of small organic molecules oxidation of small organic molecule oxidation potentials oxidation potential oxidation process oxidation process oxidation products oxidation product oxidation properties oxidation property oxidation rates oxidation rate oxidation reactions oxidation reaction oxidation stages oxidation stage oxidation treatments oxidation treatment oxidation-reduction oxidation reduction oxidation-reduction method oxidation reduction method oxidation-reduction reaction oxidation reduction reaction oxidative agents oxidative agent oxidative catalysts oxidative catalyst oxidative cleavages oxidative cleavage oxidative couplings oxidative coupling oxidative debris oxidative debris oxidative dehydrogenation of propanes oxidative dehydrogenation of propane oxidative dehydrogenation reactions oxidative dehydrogenation reaction oxidative dehydrogenations oxidative dehydrogenation oxidative esterifications oxidative esterification oxidative process oxidative process oxidative products oxidative product oxidative stress oxidative stress oxidative transformations oxidative transformation oxide catalysts oxide catalyst oxide complexes oxide complex oxide composites oxide composite oxide contents oxide contents oxide dispersions oxide dispersion oxide electrodes oxide electrode oxide films oxide film oxide interfaces oxide interface oxide islands oxide islands oxide layers oxide layer oxide materials oxide material oxide minerals oxide minerals oxide modified electrodes oxide modified electrode oxide nanocrystals oxide nanocrystal oxide nanoparticles oxide nanoparticle oxide nanosheets oxide nanosheet oxide nanostructures oxide nanostructure oxide particles oxide particle oxide precursors oxide precursor oxide samples oxide sample oxide structures oxide structure oxide substrates oxide substrate oxide superconductors oxide superconductors oxide thickness oxide thickness oxide thin films oxide thin film oxide-carbon nanotube oxide carbon nanotube oxides oxide oxidized carbon nanotubes oxidized carbon nanotubes oxidized carbons oxidized carbon oxidized graphene nanoribbons oxidized graphene nanoribbons oxidized graphene nanosheets oxidized graphene nanosheet oxidized graphites oxidized graphite oxidized groups oxidized group oxidized silicon substrates oxidized silicon substrate oxidized silicon wafers oxidized silicon wafer oxidized surfaces oxidized surface oxidizing agents oxidizing agent oxidizing environments oxidizing environment oxidizing reagents oxidizing reagent oxidizing species oxidizing specy oxidoreductases oxidoreductase oxocins oxocins oxygen activations oxygen activation oxygen adatoms oxygen adatom oxygen and nitrogens oxygen and nitrogens oxygen and sulfurs oxygen and sulfurs oxygen atoms oxygen atom oxygen barrier properties oxygen barrier property oxygen barriers oxygen barrier oxygen bonds oxygen bond oxygen bridges oxygen bridge oxygen complexes oxygen complex oxygen concentrations oxygen concentration oxygen containing groups oxygen containing group oxygen containing species oxygen containing specy oxygen contents oxygen content oxygen diffusion coefficients oxygen diffusion coefficient oxygen electro reductions oxygen electro reduction oxygen electrocatalysis oxygen electrocatalysis oxygen flow rates oxygen flow rate oxygen functional groups oxygen functional group oxygen functional species oxygen functional specy oxygen gas oxygen gas oxygen groups oxygen group oxygen ions oxygen ion oxygen levels oxygen level oxygen permeable membranes oxygen permeable membrane oxygen plasma treatments oxygen plasma treatment oxygen plasmas oxygen plasma oxygen reduction and evolution reactions oxygen reduction and evolution reaction oxygen reduction catalysts oxygen reduction catalyst oxygen reduction process oxygen reduction process oxygen reduction reaction (orr) oxygen reduction reaction oxygen reduction reaction kinetics oxygen reduction reaction kinetic oxygen reduction reactions oxygen reduction reaction oxygen reductions oxygen reduction oxygen sensors oxygen sensor oxygen species oxygen specy oxygen surface groups oxygen surface group oxygen transmission rates oxygen transmission rate oxygen vacancies oxygen vacancy oxygenated species oxygenated specy oxygen-containing functional groups oxygen containing functional group oxygen-containing groups oxygen containing group oxygen-containing species oxygen containing specy oxygen-doped oxygen doped oxygen-functional groups oxygen functional group oxygen-reduction reaction oxygen reduction reaction oxygen-related defects oxygen related defect oxygen-rich conditions oxygen rich condition oxygen-terminated surfaces oxygen terminated surface oxygen-to-carbon ratio oxygen to carbon ratio oxyhydroxides oxyhydroxide oxytetracyclines (otc) oxytetracycline ozone exposures ozone exposure p and n types p and n type p n junction solar cells p n junction solar cells p phenylenediamine p phenylene diamine p types p type p waves p wave p(vdf-trfe) p(vdf trfe) p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 mitogen activated protein kinase p3ht nanocomposites p3ht nanocomposite pa6 nanocomposites pa6 nanocomposite pacific northwest national laboratories pacific northwest national laboratory packaging applications packaging application packaging machines packaging machine packaging materials packaging material packed beds packed beds packing materials packing material pad dry cure process pad dry cure process pad-dry-cure process pad dry cure process pahs pah pair correlation functions pair correlation function pair distribution functions pair distribution function pair distributions pair distribution pair interactions pair interaction pair potentials pair potential pairing symmetries pairing symmetry pairing transitions pairing transition palladium alloys palladium alloy palladium catalysts palladium catalyst palladium clusters palladium cluster palladium complexes palladium complex palladium compounds palladium compound palladium nanoparticles palladium nanoparticle palladium nanowires palladium nanowire palladium particles palladium particle palladium precursors palladium precursor palladium silvers palladium silvers palmitic acids palmitic acid palygorskites palygorskite p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid p aminobenzene sulfonic acid p-aminobenzoic acid p aminobenzoic acid p-aminophenol p aminophenol p-aminothiophenol p aminothiophenol pan-based carbon fibers pan based carbon fiber pancreatic cancer pancreas cancer pancreatic cancers pancreas cancer pani composites pani composite paper capacitors paper capacitor paper materials paper material paper-based analytical devices paper based analytical device paper-based chips paper based chip paper-based devices paper based device paper-based microfluidics paper based microfluidic paper-like paper like paper-like materials paper like material paper-like structures paper like structure papermaking process papermaking process parabens parabens parabolic bands parabolic band parabolic energy bands parabolic energy band paradigm shifts paradigm shift paraffin paraffins paraffin oils paraffin oils paraffin waxes paraffin wax paraffins paraffins paraformaldehydes paraformaldehyde para-hydrogen para hydrogen parallel alignments parallel alignment parallel architectures parallel architecture parallel arrays parallel array parallel connections parallel connection parallel electric fields parallel electric field parallel plate capacitors parallel plate capacitor parallel plates parallel plate parallel processing systems parallel processing system parallel stripes parallel stripe parallel structures parallel structure parallel-coupled parallel coupled paramagnetic centers paramagnetic center paramagnetic defects paramagnetic defect paramagnetic materials paramagnetic material parameter changes parameter change parameter regimes parameter regime parameter regions parameter region parameter spaces parameter space parameter values parameter value parameters parameter parametric oscillators parametric oscillators parametrizations parametrization para-nitrophenol para nitrophenol para-phenylenes para phenylene para-sexiphenyl para sexiphenyl parasitic components parasitic component parasitic resistances parasitic resistance parasitics parasitics parent compounds parent compound parent materials parent material parent polymers parent polymer pariser-parr-pople model pariser parr pople model parity conservations parity conservation parkinson's disease parkinson disease partial charges partial charge partial densities partial density partial differential equations partial differential equation partial discharges partial discharge partial dislocations partial dislocation partial least square (pls) partial least square partial oxidations partial oxidation partial pressure of oxygens partial pressure of oxygens participation ratios participation ratio particle accelerators particle accelerators particle agglomerations particle agglomeration particle beams particle beam particle concentrations particle concentration particle contacts particle contact particle densities particle density particle diameters particle diameter particle dimensions particle dimension particle films particle film particle geometries particle geometry particle morphologies particle morphology particle motions particle motion particle optics particle optic particle reinforced composites particle reinforced composite particle size analysis particle size analysis particle size and morphologies particle size and morphology particle suspensions particle suspension particle swarm optimization (pso) particle swarm optimization particle velocities particle velocity particle volume fractions particle volume fraction particle-hole asymmetry particle hole asymmetry particle-hole symmetry particle hole symmetry particle-reinforcement particle reinforcement particles sizes particle size particulate composites particulate composite particulate polymer composites particulate polymer composite partition functions partition function parts per millions parts per million parts-per-billion parts per billion parts-per-million parts per million parylenes parylene pass-band filters pass band filter pass-go pass go passivated structures passivated structure passivation properties passivation property passive components passive component passive devices passive device passive electronic components passive electronic component passive elements passive element passive films passive film passive filters passive filter passive harmonic mode-locking passive harmonic mode locking passive mode locked passive mode locking passive mode-locked passive mode locking passive mode-locking passive mode locking passive q switch passive q switching passive q switched passive q switching passive q switches passive q switching passive q-switched passive q switching passive q-switching passive q switching passive resonators passive resonator passive solar buildings passive solar buildings passive wireless sensors passive wireless sensor passively mode-locked passively mode locked passively mode-locked fiber lasers passively mode locked fiber laser passively mode-locked laser passively mode locked laser passively mode-locked lasers passively mode locked laser passively mode-locking passively mode locking passively q switch passively q switched passively q-switch passively q switched passively q-switched passively q switched passively q-switched laser passively q switched laser passively q-switched lasers passively q switched laser passively q-switched mode-locked passively q switched mode locked passively q-switching passively q switching paste electrodes paste electrode patent analysis patent analysis patent applications patent application patents patent patents and inventions patents and invention pathogens pathogen pathological process pathological process pattern recognition systems pattern recognition system pattern transfers pattern transfers patterned defects patterned defect patterned films patterned film patterned substrates patterned substrate patterning methods patterning method patterning process patterning process patterning techniques patterning technique patterning tools patterning tools payne-effects payne effect pb removals pb removals pb(ii) ions pb(ii) ion pbs pbs pbs quantum dots pbs quantum dots pbse nanocrystals pbse nanocrystal pbse quantum dots pbse quantum dots pc 12 cells pc 12 cells pc12 cells pc12 cell pc-12 cells pc 12 cell pcms pcms pd ag nanoparticles pd ag nanoparticle pd atoms pd atom pd catalysts pd catalyst pd clusters pd cluster pd contacts pd contact pd electrodes pd electrode pd nanocomposites pd nanocomposite pd nanocrystals pd nanocrystal pd nanocube-graphene pd nanocube graphene pd nanoparticles pd nanoparticle pd pt nanoparticles pd pt nanoparticle pd(1 1 1) pd(111) pd/graphene gas-diffusion cathode pd/graphene gas diffusion cathode pd@sba-15 pd@sba 15 pd-ag nanoparticles pd ag nanoparticle pd-based pd based pd-based catalyst pd based catalyst pd-based catalysts pd based catalyst pd-cu alloys pd cu alloy pdms pdms p-doping p doping pd-pt alloy pd pt alloy pd-pt nanoparticles pd pt nanoparticle pe crystals pe crystal peak currents peak current peak frequencies peak frequency peak heat release rates peak heat release rate peak positions peak position peak potentials peak potential peak power densities peak power density peak ratios peak ratio peak separations peak separation peak shapes peak shape peak temperatures peak temperature peak values peak value peak wave numbers peak wave number peak widths peak widths peak-splitting peak splitting peak-to-peak separation peak to peak separation peak-to-peak voltages peak to peak voltage peak-to-valley ratios peak to valley ratio pedot electrodes pedot electrode pedot pss pedot:pss pedot/pss pedot:pss pedot/pss pedot:pss pedot:pss pedot:pss pedot:pss conducting polymers pedot:pss conducting polymer pedot-pss pedot:pss peel tests peel test peel-off peel off peierls peierls peierls coupling tight-binding model peierls coupling tight binding model p-elements p element pem fuel cells pem fuel cell pencil lead pencil leads pencil leads pencil leads penetration effects penetration effect penetration mechanisms penetration mechanism penetration process penetration process penetration resistances penetration resistance pentacene layers pentacene layer pentacene thin films pentacene thin film pentacenes pentacene pentagonal rings pentagonal ring peptide analysis peptide analysis peptide fragments peptide fragment peptide mixtures peptide mixture peptide nanotubes peptide nanotubes peptide nucleic acids peptide nucleic acid peptide solutions peptide solution peptide substrates peptide substrate peptides peptide per units per units perchloric acids perchloric acid percolated structures percolated structure percolating networks percolating network percolation concentrations percolation concentration percolation effects percolation effect percolation models percolation model percolation networks percolation network percolation thresholds percolation threshold perdew-burke-ernzerhof perdew burke ernzerhof perfluorooctane sulfonates perfluorooctane sulfonate perfluorophenyl azides perfluorophenyl azide perfluoropolyether perfluoropolyethers perfluoropolyethers perfluoropolyethers perforated substrates perforated substrate performance analysis performance analysis performance and reliabilities performance and reliability performance characteristics performance characteristic performance chemicals performance chemical performance enhancements performance enhancements performance improvements performance improvements performance limitation performance limit performance limitations performance limit performance limits performance limit performance measurements performance measurement performance metrices performance metric performance metrics performance metric performance of devices performance of device performance optimizations performance optimization performance parameters performance parameter performance potentials performance potential performance properties performance property performance requirements performance requirement peridynamics peridynamic periodic arrays periodic array periodic boundary conditions periodic boundary condition periodic density functional theory calculations periodic density functional theory calculation periodic grain boundaries periodic grain boundary periodic lattices periodic lattice periodic magnetic fields periodic magnetic field periodic nanoholes periodic nanohole periodic potentials periodic potential periodic ripples periodic ripple periodic structures periodic structure periodic waveguides periodic waveguide peripheral blood mononuclear cells peripheral blood mononuclear cell permalloy (py) permalloy permanent deformations permanent deformation permanent dipoles permanent dipoles permanganate ions permanganate ion permeability measurements permeability measurement permeability properties permeability property permeable membranes permeable membrane permeation barriers permeation barrier permeation fluxes permeation flux permeation of waters permeation of water permeation properties permeation property permeation selectivities permeation selectivity permittivity dispersions permittivity dispersion permittivity tensors permittivity tensors permselective membranes permselective membrane permselective properties permselective property permselectivities permselectivity perovskite films perovskite film perovskite solar cell perovskite solar cells perovskite solar cells perovskite solar cells perovskite structures perovskite structure peroxidase activities peroxidase activity peroxidase mimetic peroxidase mimetics peroxidase mimetics peroxidase mimetics peroxidase mimics peroxidase mimics peroxidase-like peroxidase like peroxidase-like activities peroxidase like activity peroxidase-like activity peroxidase like activity peroxidases peroxidase peroxides peroxide perpendicular magnetic fields perpendicular magnetic field persistent currents persistent current persistent organic pollutants persistent organic pollutant personal computers personal computers personalized medicines personalized medicine perturbation analysis perturbation analysis perturbation expansions perturbation expansion perturbation techniques perturbation technique perylene bisimides perylene bisimide perylene derivatives perylene derivative perylene dyes perylene dyes perylene-3 ,4 ,9 ,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride perylene 3 ,4 ,9 ,10 tetracarboxylic dianhydride perylenediimides perylenediimide perylenes perylene perylenetetracarboxylic diimides perylenetetracarboxylic diimide pes pes pesticide residues pesticide residue pesticides pesticide pet films pet film petroleum deposits petroleum deposits p-gan p gan ph- and temperature-responsive ph and temperature responsive ph dependence ph dependent ph effects ph effect ph measurements ph measurement ph sensors ph sensor ph values ph value phage displayed peptides phage displayed peptide phagocytosis phagocytosis pharmaceutical analysis pharmaceutical analysis pharmaceutical applications pharmaceutical application pharmaceutical compounds pharmaceutical compound pharmaceutical dosage forms pharmaceutical dosage form pharmaceutical formulations pharmaceutical formulation pharmaceutical preparations pharmaceutical preparation pharmaceutical products pharmaceutical product pharmaceutical tablets pharmaceutical tablets pharmaceuticals and personal care products pharmaceuticals and personal care product pharmaceutics pharmaceutics pharmacodynamics pharmacodynamic pharmacokinetics pharmacokinetic phase analysis phase analysis phase angles phase angle phase change materials phase change material phase change memory (pcm) phase change memory phase changes phase change phase contrasts phase contrast phase detectors phase detectors phase diagrams phase diagram phase formations phase formation phase fractions phase fraction phase interfaces phase interface phase inversion process phase inversion process phase inversion techniques phase inversion technique phase jumps phase jumps phase matching conditions phase matching condition phase ratios phase ratio phase segregations phase segregation phase separation process phase separation process phase shift phase shifters phase shifter phase shifters phase shifters phase shifters phase singularities phase singularity phase space methods phase space method phase spaces phase space phase transfer catalysts phase transfer catalyst phase transitions phase transition phase-coherence length phase coherence length phase-coherent transport phase coherent transport phased array antennas phased array antenna phased-arrays phased array phase-inversion method phase inversion method phase-separated systems phase separated system phase-separation process phase separation process phase-shifting phase shifting ph-dependent ph dependent ph-dependent release ph dependent release phenanthrenes phenanthrene phenanthrolines phenanthroline phenazines phenazine phenol formaldehyde resins phenol formaldehyde resin phenol groups phenol group phenol-formaldehyde phenol formaldehyde phenolic compounds phenolic compound phenolic groups phenolic group phenolic resins phenolic resin phenols phenols phenomenological models phenomenological model phenothiazines phenothiazine phenyl isocyanates phenyl isocyanate phenyl rings phenyl ring phenylacetylenes phenylacetylene phenylboronic acids phenylboronic acid phenylenediamines phenylenediamine phenyl-functionalized phenyl functionalized phenylpropionates phenylpropionate pheochromocytoma cells pheochromocytoma cells phonon bands phonon band phonon behaviors phonon behavior phonon branches phonon branch phonon density of states phonon density of state phonon dispersion curves phonon dispersion curve phonon dispersion relations phonon dispersion relation phonon dispersions phonon dispersion phonon dynamics phonon dynamic phonon emissions phonon emission phonon energies phonon energy phonon excitations phonon excitation phonon frequencies phonon frequency phonon hardenings phonon hardenings phonon instabilities phonon instability phonon interactions phonon interaction phonon lifetimes phonon lifetime phonon modes phonon mode phonon peaks phonon peak phonon polaritons phonon polariton phonon properties phonon property phonon scattering mechanisms phonon scattering mechanism phonon scattering process phonon scattering process phonon transmissions phonon transmission phonon vibrations phonon vibration phonon-boundary scattering phonon boundary scattering phonon-defect scattering phonon defect scattering phonon-drag thermopower phonon drag thermopower phononics phononics phonon-induced transparency phonon induced transparency phonon-phonon interactions phonon phonon interaction phonon-phonon scattering phonon phonon scattering phonon-polariton phonon polariton phonons phonon phonon-scattering mechanisms phonon scattering mechanism phosphatases phosphatase phosphate buffer salines phosphate buffer saline phosphate buffer solutions phosphate buffer solution phosphate buffered saline solutions phosphate buffered saline solution phosphate buffers phosphate buffers phosphate coatings phosphate coating phosphate minerals phosphate minerals phosphate solutions phosphate solution phosphate-buffered salines phosphate buffered saline phosphate-buffered solutions phosphate buffered solution phosphates phosphate phosphatidylcholines phosphatidylcholine phosphatidylethanolamines phosphatidylethanolamine phosphines phosphine phospholipases phospholipase phospholipid phospholipids phospholipid molecules phospholipid molecule phospholipid-polyethylene glycol phospholipid polyethylene glycol phospholipids phospholipids phosphonic acids phosphonic acid phosphonium salts phosphonium salt phosphopeptides phosphopeptide phosphoproteins phosphoprotein phosphoproteomics phosphoproteomics phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes phosphorescent organic light emitting diode phosphoric acid fuel cells (pafc) phosphoric acid fuel cells phosphoric acids phosphoric acid phosphors phosphorus phosphors phosphorus phosphorus compounds phosphorus compound phosphorus contents phosphorus contents phosphorus-doped phosphorus doped phosphorus-doped graphene phosphorus doped graphene phosphorylated peptides phosphorylated peptide phosphorylated proteins phosphorylated protein phosphorylation sites phosphorylation site phosphosilicate glass phosphosilicate glass photo electro catalysis photo electro catalysis photo electrocatalysis photo electro catalysis photo electrocatalysis photo electro catalysis photo stimulations photo stimulation photoabsorptions photoabsorption photoacid generators photoacid generator photo-acoustic imaging photo acoustic imaging photoacoustic nanoprobes photoacoustic nanoprobe photoacoustic techniques photoacoustic technique photoacoustics photoacoustic photoactive layers photoactive layer photoactive materials photoactive material photoactive polymers photoactive polymer photoactive properties photoactive property photo-activities photo activity photoanode materials photoanode material photoanodes photoanode photo-anodes photo anode photo-assisted photo assisted photocarrier lifetimes photocarrier lifetime photo-carriers photo carrier photocatalysis photocatalysis photocatalysis process photocatalysis process photocatalyst materials photocatalyst material photocatalysts photocatalyst photo-catalytic photo catalytic photocatalytic activities photocatalytic activity photo-catalytic activity photo catalytic activity photocatalytic behaviors photocatalytic behavior photocatalytic characteristics photocatalytic characteristic photocatalytic devices photocatalytic device photocatalytic disinfections photocatalytic disinfection photocatalytic materials photocatalytic material photocatalytic methods photocatalytic method photocatalytic nanocomposites photocatalytic nanocomposite photocatalytic oxidations photocatalytic oxidation photocatalytic process photocatalytic process photocatalytic properties photocatalytic property photocatalytic reactions photocatalytic reaction photo-catalytic removal photo catalytic removal photocatalytic synthesis photocatalytic synthesis photocatalytic systems photocatalytic system photocathodes photocathode photochemical process photochemical process photochemical processes photochemical process photochemical properties photochemical property photochemical reactions photochemical reaction photochemical reactivity photochemical reaction photochemical reduction methods photochemical reduction method photochemical synthesis photochemical synthesis photochemical transformations photochemical transformation photochromic molecules photochromic molecule photoconducting materials photoconducting material photoconductive devices photoconductive device photoconductive gains photoconductive gains photoconductive materials photoconductive material photoconductive properties photoconductive property photoconductive switches photoconductive switch photocross-linking photocross linking photocurrent generations photocurrent generation photocurrent signals photocurrent signal photocurrents photocurrent photo-decomposition photo decomposition photo-degradation photo degradation photo-dember effect photo dember effect photo-deposition photo deposition photo-desorption photo desorption photodetector photodetectors photo-detector photo detector photodetectors photodetectors photodetectors (pds) photodetectors photodiodes photodiode photodynamic activities photodynamic activity photodynamic therapy (pdt) photodynamic therapy photodynamic treatments photodynamic treatment photodynamics photodynamic photoelectric characteristics photoelectric characteristic photo-electric conversion efficiency photo electric conversion efficiency photoelectric conversion properties photoelectric conversion property photoelectric properties photoelectric property photoelectric sensors photoelectric sensor photoelectrical measurements photoelectrical measurement photo-electrical properties photo electrical property photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrocatalytic photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrocatalytic photo-electrocatalysis photoelectrocatalytic photo-electro-catalysis photoelectrocatalytic photoelectrocatalytic activities photoelectrocatalytic activity photo-electrocatalytic oxidations photo electrocatalytic oxidation photoelectro-catalytic reaction photoelectro catalytic reaction photoelectrochemical analysis photoelectrochemical analysis photoelectrochemical applications photoelectrochemical application photoelectrochemical cell photoelectrochemical cells photoelectrochemical cells photoelectrochemical cells photo-electrochemical device photo electrochemical device photoelectrochemical measurements photoelectrochemical measurement photo-electrochemical method photo electrochemical method photoelectrochemical properties photoelectrochemical property photoelectrochemical sensors photoelectrochemical sensor photoelectrochemicals photoelectrochemical photo-electrochemistry photo electrochemistry photoelectrodes photoelectrode photo-electrodes photo electrode photoelectron angular distributions photoelectron angular distribution photo-electron emission photo electron emission photoelectron intensities photoelectron intensity photoelectron spectroscopy (xps) photoelectron spectroscopy photo-electronic devices photo electronic device photoelectronic properties photoelectronic property photoelectronics photoelectronic photoelectrons photoelectron photoemission electron microscope photoemission electron microscopy photoemission measurements photoemission measurement photoemission spectroscopies photoemission spectroscopy photo-excitations photo excitation photoexcited carriers photoexcited carriers photoexcited electron-hole pairs photoexcited electron hole pair photoexcited electrons photoexcited electron photoexcited holes photoexcited hole photo-fenton reaction photo fenton reaction photo-fenton reactions photo fenton reaction photogalvanic effects photogalvanic effect photogenerated carriers photogenerated carriers photogenerated charge carriers photogenerated charge carriers photogenerated electrons photogenerated electron photogenerated excitons photogenerated excitons photogenerated holes photogenerated hole photo-grafting photo grafting photo-induced photo induced photoinduced charge carriers photoinduced charge carriers photoinduced conductivities photoinduced conductivity photoinduced currents photoinduced current photo-induced electron transfer photo induced electron transfer photoinduced electron transfer process photoinduced electron transfer process photoinduced electrons photoinduced electron photoinduced electron-transfer process photoinduced electron transfer process photo-induced surfaces photo induced surface photo-initiator photo initiator photo-injected electrons photo injected electron photo-irradiation photo irradiation photolithographic process photolithographic process photoluminescence analysis photoluminescence analysis photoluminescence bands photoluminescence band photoluminescence characteristics photoluminescence characteristic photo-luminescence excitation photo luminescence excitation photoluminescence intensities photoluminescence intensity photoluminescence measurements photoluminescence measurement photoluminescence properties photoluminescence property photoluminescence quantum yields photoluminescence quantum yields photoluminescence signals photoluminescence signal photo-luminescent properties photo luminescent property photolysis photolysis photomasks photomasks photomechanical effects photomechanical effect photomixers photomixer photon absorptions photon absorption photon conversion efficiencies photon conversion efficiency photon drag effects photon drag effect photon drags photon drags photon emissions photon emission photon energies photon energy photon-assisted tunneling photon assisted tunneling photon-dressed electron photon dressed electron photonic band structures photonic band structure photonic circuits photonic circuit photonic crystal (phcs) photonic crystal photonic crystal cavities photonic crystal cavity photonic crystal fibers photonic crystal fiber photonic crystal microcavities photonic crystal microcavity photonic crystals photonic crystal photonic crystals (phcs) photonic crystal photonic cystals photonic cystal photonic devices photonic device photonic integrated circuits photonic integrated circuit photonic materials photonic material photonic nanostructures photonic nanostructure photonic properties photonic property photonic systems photonic system photonic technologies photonic technology photonic waveguides photonic waveguide photonics photonics photonics applications photonics application photonics crystals photonics crystal photons photons photophysical properties photophysical property photophysical studies photophysical study photophysics photophysics photopolymers photopolymer photoreactions photoreaction photo-reduction photo reduction photoreduction mechanisms photoreduction mechanism photo-refractive photo refractive photoresistors photoresists photoresists photoresists photoresponse measurements photoresponse measurement photoresponses photoresponse photo-responsive photo responsive photo-responsive property photo responsive property photosensitive polymers photosensitive polymer photosensitizers photosensitizers photosensitizing agents photosensitizing agent photo-sensors photo sensor photo-stability photo stability photoswitches photoswitch photosynthesis photosynthesis photosynthetic membranes photosynthetic membrane photo-thermal photo thermal photo-thermal conversion photo thermal conversion photothermal conversion efficiencies photothermal conversion efficiency photo-thermal conversions photo thermal conversion photothermal effects photothermal effect photothermal properties photothermal property photothermal reactions photothermal reaction photo-thermoelectric photo thermoelectric photo-toxicity photo toxicity phototransistors phototransistor photo-voltage photo voltage photovoltaic applications photovoltaic application photovoltaic cells photovoltaic cells photovoltaic characteristics photovoltaic characteristic photovoltaic devices photovoltaic device photovoltaic effects photovoltaic effect photo-voltaic efficiency photo voltaic efficiency photovoltaic materials photovoltaic material photovoltaic measurements photovoltaic measurement photovoltaic modules photovoltaic module photovoltaic parameters photovoltaic parameter photovoltaic performances photovoltaic performance photovoltaic solar cells photovoltaic solar cells photovoltaics photovoltaic ph-responsive ph responsive ph-responsive surfaces ph responsive surface ph-sensitive ph sensitive ph-sensitivity ph sensitivity phthalate acid esters phthalate acid ester phthalate esters phthalate ester phthalates phthalate phthalic acids phthalic acid phthalic anhydrides phthalic anhydride phthalocyanine complexes phthalocyanine complex phthalocyanine derivatives phthalocyanine derivative phthalocyanine molecules phthalocyanine molecule phthalocyanines phthalocyanine physical affinities physical affinity physical analysis physical analysis physical and chemical characteristics physical and chemical characteristic physical and chemical properties physical and chemical property physical and electrical characterizations physical and electrical characterization physical and mechanical properties physical and mechanical property physical approaches physical approach physical assemblies physical assembly physical barriers physical barrier physical behaviors physical behavior physical characteristics physical characteristic physical conditions physical condition physical contacts physical contact physical cross linker physical crosslinking physical cross-linkers physical crosslinking physical damages physical damage physical defects physical defect physical dimensions physical dimension physical effects physical effect physical features physical feature physical interactions physical interaction physical layers physical layer physical limitation physical limit physical limitations physical limitati physical limits physical limit physical meanings physical meanings physical methods physical method physical mixtures physical mixture physical optics physical optic physical parameters physical parameter physical pictures physical picture physical principles physical principle physical process physical process physical processes in nanomaterials and nanostructures physical process in nanomaterial and nanostructure physical properties physical property physical quantities physical quantity physical societies physical society physical stress physical stress physical structures physical structure physical systems physical system physical thickness physical thickness physical treatments physical treatment physical-chemical properties physical chemical property physico - chemical parameters physico chemical parameter physico chemical analysis physico chemical analysis physico-chemical analysis physico chemical analysis physico-chemical and mechanical properties physico chemical and mechanical property physico-chemical changes physico chemical change physicochemical characteristics physicochemical characteristic physico-chemical characterization physico chemical characterization physico-chemical interactions physico chemical interaction physico-chemical mechanisms physico chemical mechanism physicochemical methods physicochemical method physicochemical process physicochemical process physicochemical processes physicochemical process physicochemical properties physicochemical property physico-chemical stability physico chemical stability physicochemical techniques physicochemical technique physico-chemicals physico chemical physicomechanical properties physicomechanical property physics physics physics-based physics based physics-based modeling physics based modeling physics-based models physics based model physio-chemical properties physio chemical property physiological buffers physiological buffers physiological functions physiological function physiological levels physiological level physiological models physiological model physiological process physiological process physiological properties physiological property physisorbed molecules physisorbed molecule phytic acids phytic acid pi interactions pi interaction pickering emulsion polymerizations pickering emulsion polymerization pickering emulsions pickering emulsion picking up pickups pickups pickups picomolar levels picomolar level pico-second pulse pico second pulse picoseconds picoseconds picrates picrate piecewise constant potentials piecewise constant potential piecewise linear techniques piecewise linear technique piezoelectric actuators piezoelectric actuator piezoelectric couplings piezoelectric coupling piezoelectric crystals piezoelectric crystal piezoelectric devices piezoelectric device piezoelectric energy harvesters piezoelectric energy harvesters piezo-electric fields piezo electric field piezoelectric materials piezoelectric material piezoelectric polymers piezoelectric polymer piezoelectrics piezoelectric piezo-resistive piezo resistive piezo-resistive behavior piezo resistive behavior piezoresistive effects piezoresistive effect piezoresistive pressure sensors piezoresistive pressure sensor piezoresistive properties piezoresistive property piezo-resistive sensors piezo resistive sensor pigment pigments pigments pigments pile ups pile ups piles pile pile-ups pile ups pillared structures pillared structure p-i-n junctions p i n junction p-i-n structure p i n structure pinhole defects pinhole defect pinning effects pinning effect pinning sites pinning site pin-on-disk tests pin on disk test pin-on-disk tribometers pin on disk tribometer pipeline bends pipeline bends pi-pi interactions pi pi interaction pixels pixels pl excitations pl excitation planar arrays planar array planar chiral structures planar chiral structure planar clusters planar cluster planar configurations planar configuration planar devices planar device planar films planar film planar geometries planar geometry planar lens planar lens planar microelectrode arrays planar microelectrode array planar molecules planar molecule planar monolayers planar monolayer planar networks planar network planar photonics planar photonics planar sheets planar sheet planar structures planar structure planar systems planar system planar tunnel junctions planar tunnel junction planar waveguides planar waveguide plane configurations plane configuration plane directions plane direction plane wave calculations plane wave calculation plane wave methods plane wave method plane waves plane wave planetary ball milling planetary ball mill plane-wave pseudopotential method plane wave pseudopotential method plane-wave scattering plane wave scattering plant extracts plant extract plant growth regulators plant growth regulators plant leaves plant leave plant proteins plant protein plants plant plasma applications plasma application plasma chambers plasma chambers plasma chemistries plasma chemistry plasma conditions plasma condition plasma devices plasma device plasma diagnostics plasma diagnostic plasma electrons plasma electron plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (pecvd) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition plasma enhanced chemical vapor depositions (pe cvd) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition plasma enhanced chemical vapour depositions (pecvd) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition plasma environments plasma environment plasma etching process plasma etching process plasma frequencies plasma frequency plasma gas plasma gas plasma gases plasma gas plasma interactions plasma interaction plasma irradiations plasma irradiation plasma jets plasma jet plasma methods plasma method plasma oscillations plasma oscillation plasma process plasma process plasma proteins plasma protein plasma reactions plasma reaction plasma reactors plasma reactor plasma samples plasma sample plasma sheaths plasma sheaths plasma sources plasma source plasma surface modifications plasma surface modification plasma synthesis plasma synthesis plasma systems plasma system plasma techniques plasma technique plasma torches plasma torche plasma waves plasma wave plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (pecvd) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition plasma-enhanced chemical vapour depositions plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition plasma-enhanced cvd plasma enhanced cvd plasmaenhanced cvd (pecvd) plasma enhanced cvd plasma-induced plasma induced plasma-induced heating plasma induced heating plasmas plasma plasmid dna (pdna) plasmid dna plasmids plasmid plasmon plasmons plasmon devices plasmon device plasmon excitations plasmon excitation plasmon loss plasmon loss plasmon modes plasmon mode plasmon oscillations plasmon oscillation plasmon peaks plasmon peak plasmon resonance frequencies plasmon resonance frequency plasmon resonances plasmon resonance plasmonic circuits plasmonic circuit plasmonic crystals plasmonic crystal plasmonic detections plasmonic detection plasmonic devices plasmonic device plasmonic effects plasmonic effect plasmonic filters plasmonic filter plasmonic lens plasmonic lens plasmonic materials plasmonic material plasmonic metamaterials plasmonic metamaterial plasmonic modes plasmonic mode plasmonic nanocircuits plasmonic nanocircuit plasmonic nanoparticle arrays plasmonic nanoparticle array plasmonic nanoparticles plasmonic nanoparticle plasmonic nanostructures plasmonic nanostructure plasmonic particles plasmonic particle plasmonic photocatalysts plasmonic photocatalyst plasmonic properties plasmonic property plasmonic resonances plasmonic resonance plasmonic resonators plasmonic resonators plasmonic sensors plasmonic sensor plasmonic waveguides plasmonic waveguide plasmonics plasmonic plasmon-induced transparency plasmon induced transparency plasmon-phonon coupling plasmon phonon coupling plasmon-phonon hybridization plasmon phonon hybridization plasmon-polaritons plasmon polariton plasmons plasmons plastic plastics plastic adhesives plastic adhesive plastic bottles plastic bottle plastic coatings plastic coating plastic electronics plastic electronic plastic films plastic film plastic materials plastic material plastic optical fibers plastic optical fiber plastic products plastic product plastic sheets plastic sheet plastic substrates plastic substrate plasticizers plasticizers plasticizing effects plasticizing effect plastics plastics plastics applications plastics application plastics fillers plastics fillers plate theories plate theory plateau structures plateau structure platelet platelets platelet adhesiveness platelet adhesiveness platelet graphite nanofibers platelet graphite nanofiber platelet particles platelet particle platelet-derived growth factor platelet derived growth factor platelet-derived growth factor bb platelet derived growth factor platelet-derived growth factors platelet derived growth factor platelets platelets plate-like crystals plate like crystal platinum alloys platinum alloy platinum and palladiums platinum and palladiums platinum atoms platinum atom platinum catalysts platinum catalyst platinum clusters platinum cluster platinum compounds platinum compound platinum counter electrodes platinum counter electrode platinum electrocatalysts platinum electrocatalyst platinum electrodes platinum electrode platinum films platinum film platinum loadings platinum loadings platinum metals platinum metal platinum nano-cluster platinum nano cluster platinum nanocrystals platinum nanocrystal platinum nanocubes platinum nanocube platinum nanoflowers platinum nanoflowers platinum nanoparticles platinum nanoparticle platinum nano-particles platinum nano particle platinum nanowires platinum nanowire platinum particles platinum particle platinum ruthenium nanoparticles platinum ruthenium nanoparticle platinum silicides platinum silicide platinum substrates platinum substrate platinum-copper platinum copper platinum-free counter electrode platinum free counter electrode platinum-iron alloys platinum iron alloy platinum-ruthenium platinum ruthenium platinum-ruthenium nanoparticles platinum ruthenium nanoparticle platinum-tin platinum tin plausible mechanisms plausible mechanism p-layer p layer plenary sessions plenary session pluripotent stem cells pluripotent stem cell pluronic pluronics pluronic block copolymers pluronic block copolymer pluronic copolymers pluronic copolymer pluronic f127 pluronic f 127 pluronic f-127 pluronic f 127 pluronics pluronics pmma films pmma film pmma matrices pmma matrix p-model p model p-n diode p n diode p-n heterojunctions p n heterojunction p-n junction p n junction pn junction diodes pn junction diode p-n junction formation p n junction formation p-n junction solar cells p n junction solar cell p-n junctions p n junction pnictides pnictide pnipaam hydrogels pnipaam hydrogels pnipam pnipaam p-nitrophenol p nitrophenol point contacts point contact point defects point defect point of views point of views point sources point source point-of-care point of care point-of-care diagnostics point of care diagnostic point-of-care systems point of care system point-of-care testing point of care testing point-of-use point of use point-spread functions point spread function poisoning effects poisoning effect poisson solvers poisson solvers poisson-boltzmann poisson boltzmann poisson's ratios poisson's ratio polar aprotic solvents polar aprotic solvent polar components polar component polar compounds polar compound polar functional groups polar functional group polar groups polar group polar headgroups polar headgroup polar interactions polar interaction polar liquids polar liquid polar modes polar mode polar molecules polar molecule polar optical phonons polar optical phonon polar organic solvents polar organic solvent polar solvents polar solvent polar substrates polar substrate polar surfaces polar surface polariton polaritons polariton modes polariton mode polaritons polaritons polarity switches polarity switch polarizabilities polarizability polarization beam splitter polarization beam splitters polarization beam splitters polarization beam splitters polarization characteristics polarization characteristic polarization charges polarization charge polarization components polarization component polarization control polarization controllers polarization controllers polarization controllers polarization curves polarization curve polarization dependency polarization dependence polarization dependent loss polarization dependent loss polarization dynamics polarization dynamic polarization functions polarization function polarization modes polarization mode polarization modulation polarization modulator polarization modulators polarization modulator polarization parameters polarization parameter polarization properties polarization property polarization resistances polarization resistance polarization reversals polarization reversals polarization tensors polarization tensor polarization-dependent absorption polarization dependent absorption polarization-insensitive polarization insensitive polarization-maintaining fiber polarization maintaining fiber polarized currents polarized current polarized electrodes polarized electrode polarized electromagnetic waves polarized electromagnetic wave polarized electrons polarized electron polarized incident waves polarized incident wave polarized light microscopes polarized light microscopy polarized micro-raman polarized micro raman polarized optical microscopes polarized optical microscopy polarized plane waves polarized plane wave polaronic effects polaronic effect polarons polarons poles pole polies (m-phenylenediamine) polies (m phenylenediamine) polished silicons polished silicons pollutants pollutant poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (3-hexylthiophene) poly (3 hexylthiophene) poly (3-methylthiophene) poly (3 methylthiophene) poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) poly (ethylene co vinyl acetate) poly (l-lactide) poly (l lactide) poly (o-anisidine) poly (o anisidine) poly (o-phenylenediamine) poly (o phenylenediamine) poly (p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) poly (p phenylene benzobisoxazole) poly (p-phenylene) poly (p phenylene) poly acids poly acid poly hydrogels poly hydrogels poly lactic-co-glycolic acid poly lactic co glycolic acid poly n isopropyl acrylamide poly n isopropylacrylamide poly(?-caprolactone) poly(? caprolactone) poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) poly(2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate) poly(2-vinylpyridine) (p2vp) poly(2 vinylpyridine) (p2vp) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) (pedot) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3 4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3, 4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3,4 ethylene dioxythiophene) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) poly(3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(3-butylthiophene) poly(3 butylthiophene) poly(3-hexylthiophene) poly(3 hexylthiophene) poly(3-hexylthiophene-2 ,5-diyl) poly(3 hexylthiophene 2 ,5 diyl) poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) poly(3 hydroxybutyrate) poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) poly(3 hydroxybutyrate co 3 hydroxyvalerate) poly(3-methylthiophene) poly(3 methylthiophene) poly(3-octylthiophene) poly(3 octylthiophene) poly(3-octylthiophene)-(p3ot) poly(3 octylthiophene) (p3ot) poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) poly(4 methyl 1 pentene) poly(4-styrenesulfonate) poly(4 styrenesulfonate) poly(4-vinyl pyridine) poly(4 vinyl pyridine) poly(4-vinylphenol) poly(4 vinylphenol) poly(acrylic acid ) poly(acrylic acid) poly(d , l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) poly(d , l lactic co glycolic acid) poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) poly(diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride) poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) poly(dimethylsiloxane)-polyamide copolymer poly(dimethylsiloxane) polyamide copolymer poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (peg-mma) poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (peg mma) poly(ethylene terephthalate) (pet) poly(ethylene terephthalate) poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) poly(ethylene co vinyl acetate) poly(ethylenimine) poly(ethyleneimine) poly(ionic liquid)s poly(ionic liquid) poly(ionic liquid)s poly(ionic liquid) poly(l lactic acid) poly(lactic acid) poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) poly(lactic co glycolic acid) poly(l-arginine) poly(l arginine) poly(l-lactic acid) poly(lactic acid) poly(methyl methacrylate) (pmma) poly(methyl methacrylate) poly(methyl methacrylate) [pmma] poly(methyl methacrylate) poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite poly(n isopropyl acrylamide) (pnipam) poly(n isopropylacrylamide) poly(n isopropylacrylamide) (pnipam) poly(n isopropylacrylamide) poly(n-butyl acrylate) poly(n butyl acrylate) poly(n-isopropyl acrylamide) (pnipam) poly(n isopropylacrylamide) poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) poly(n isopropylacrylamide) poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) (pnipam) poly(n isopropylacrylamide) poly(n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) poly(n vinyl 2 pyrrolidone) poly(n-vinylcarbazole) poly(n vinylcarbazole) poly(o-anisidine) poly(o anisidine) poly(o-phenylenediamine) poly(o phenylenediamine) poly(oxyalkylene)-amine poly(oxyalkylene) amine poly(p phenylene benzobisoxazole) (pbo) poly(p phenylene benzobisoxazole) poly(p-phenylenediamine) poly(p phenylenediamine) poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) poly(sodium 4 styrenesulfonate) poly(styrene sulfonate) poly(styrene sulfonic acid) poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (ptba) poly(tert butyl acrylate) (ptba) poly(vinyl acetate) (pvac) poly(vinyl acetate) poly(vinyl alcohol) (pva) poly(vinyl alcohol) poly(vinylidene fluoride) (pvdf) poly(vinylidene fluoride) poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite poly(vinylidene fluoride) poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites poly(vinylidene fluoride) poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposite poly(vinylidene fluoride) poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) poly(vinylidene fluoride co hexafluoropropylene) poly-3 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene poly 3 ,4 ethylenedioxythiophene poly-3-hexylthiophene poly 3 hexylthiophene poly-3-hydroxybutyrate poly 3 hydroxybutyrate polyacenes polyacene polyacetylene chains polyacetylene chain polyacetylenes polyacetylene polyacids polyacid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis polyacrylamide gel routes polyacrylamide gel route polyacrylamide gels polyacrylamide gels polyacrylamide(pam) polyacrylamide polyacrylamides polyacrylamide polyacrylate coatings polyacrylate coating polyacrylates polyacrylate polyacrylic acids polyacrylic acid polyacrylonitrile (pan) polyacrylonitrile polyacrylonitrile fiber polyacrylonitrile polyacrylonitriles polyacrylonitrile polyallylamine hydrochloride (pah) polyallylamine hydrochloride polyamic acids polyamic acid poly-amide 12 poly amide 12 polyamide membranes polyamide membrane polyamides polyamide polyamidoamine dendrimers polyamidoamine dendrimers polyamidoamines polyamidoamine polyamines polyamine polyaniline (pani) polyaniline polyaniline chains polyaniline chain polyaniline coatings polyaniline coating polyaniline composites polyaniline composite polyaniline electrodes polyaniline electrode polyaniline fibers polyaniline fiber polya-niline layers polya niline layer polyaniline nanocomposites polyaniline nanocomposite polyaniline nanofibers polyaniline nanofiber polyaniline nanoparticles polyaniline nanoparticle polyaniline nanorods polyaniline nanorod polyaniline nanostructures polyaniline nanostructure polyaniline nanotubes polyaniline nanotubes polyaniline nanowires polyaniline nanowire polyaniline-graphene complex polyaniline graphene complex polyanilines (pani) polyaniline polyanions polyanion polyaromatic polyaromatics polyaromatic hydrocarbons polyaromatic hydrocarbon polyaromatic molecules polyaromatic molecule polyaromatics polyaromatics polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbdes) polybrominated diphenyl ether polybrominated diphenyl ethers polybrominated diphenyl ether polybutadienes polybutadiene polybutylene terephthalates polybutylene terephthalate polycaprolactone diols polycaprolactone diols polycarbazoles polycarbazole polycarbonate films polycarbonate film polycarbonate nanocomposites polycarbonate nanocomposite polycarbonates polycarbonate polycations polycation polychlorinated biphenyl polychlorinated biphenyls polychlorinated biphenyls polychlorinated biphenyls polycondensate polycondensation polycondensates polycondensation polycondensation reactions polycondensation reaction polycrystalline materials polycrystalline material polycrystalline metals polycrystalline metal polycrystalline ni substrates polycrystalline ni substrate polycrystalline nickels polycrystalline nickels polycrystalline samples polycrystalline sample polycrystalline thin films polycrystalline thin film polycrystallinity polycrystalline polycrystals polycrystal polycycles polycycle polycyclic aromatic compounds polycyclic aromatic compound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(pahs) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polycyclic aromatics polycyclic aromatics polycyclic compounds polycyclic compound polydiacetylenes polydiacetylene polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride polydimethylsiloxane (pdms) substrate polydimethylsiloxane substrate polydimethylsiloxane (pdms) substrates polydimethylsiloxane substrate polydimethylsiloxane pdms polydimethylsiloxane polydimethylsiloxane stamps polydimethylsiloxane stamps polydisperses polydisperse polydispersity indices polydispersity index poly-dopamine poly dopamine polyelectrolyte brushes polyelectrolyte brushe polyelectrolyte complexes polyelectrolyte complex polyelectrolyte films polyelectrolyte film polyelectrolyte multilayers polyelectrolyte multilayer polyelectrolyte solutions polyelectrolyte solution polyelectrolytes polyelectrolyte polyepoxides polyepoxide polyester polyesters polyester resins polyester resin polyesters polyesters polyetherimides polyetherimide polyethersulfones polyethersulfone polyethersulphone polyethersulfone polyethersulphones polyethersulfone polyethylene composites polyethylene composite polyethylene glycol polyethylene glycols polyethylene glycol (peg) polyethylene glycols polyethylene glycols polyethylene glycols polyethylene imines polyethylene imine polyethylene nanocomposites polyethylene nanocomposite polyethylene oxide (peo) polyethylene oxide polyethylene oxides polyethylene oxide polyethylene substrates polyethylene substrate polyethylene terephthalates polyethylene terephthalate polyethylene terephthalates (pet) polyethylene terephthalate polyethylenes polyethylene polyethylene-terephthalate films polyethylene terephthalate film polyethylenimines polyethylenimine polyfluorenes polyfluorene polyglycerols polyglycerol polyhedral nanoparticles polyhedral nanoparticle polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane polyhedral structures polyhedral structure polyhydroxyalkanoates polyhydroxyalkanoate polyimide composites polyimide composite polyimide nanocomposites polyimide nanocomposite polyimides polyimide polyindoles polyindole polyiodide complexes polyiodide complex polyions polyion polylactic acids polylactic acid poly-l-lactide poly l lactide poly-l-lysine poly l lysine polymer actuators polymer actuator polymer backbones polymer backbone polymer based solar cells polymer based solar cells polymer beads polymer bead polymer binders polymer binders polymer blends polymer blends polymer bonded explosives polymer bonded explosive polymer brushes polymer brush polymer chains polymer chain polymer components polymer component polymer composite materials polymer composite material polymer composites polymer composite polymer concentrations polymer concentration polymer crystals polymer crystal polymer dispersions polymer dispersion polymer electrodes polymer electrode polymer electrolyte fuel cells polymer electrolyte fuel cells polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (pemfcs) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell polymer electrolyte membranes polymer electrolyte membrane polymer electronics polymer electronic polymer films polymer film polymer films and coatings polymer film and coating polymer foams polymer foams polymer gate dielectrics polymer gate dielectric polymer gel electrolytes polymer gel electrolyte polymer grafting polymer grafted polymer interactions polymer interaction polymer interfaces polymer interface polymer layers polymer layer polymer light-emitting diode polymer light emitting diode polymer light-emitting diodes polymer light emitting diode polymer materials polymer material polymer matrices polymer matrix polymer matrix composites polymer matrix composite polymer matrix composites (pmcs) polymer matrix composite polymer matrix nanocomposites polymer matrix nanocomposite polymer melts polymer melts polymer membrane electrodes polymer membrane electrode polymer microspheres polymer microsphere polymer microstructures polymer microstructure polymer modifications polymer modification polymer nanocomposites polymer nanocomposite polymer nanofibers polymer nanofiber polymer nanoparticles polymer nanoparticle polymer nanosheets polymer nanosheet polymer networks polymer network polymer particles polymer particle polymer photovoltaic cells polymer photovoltaic cells polymer powders polymer powder polymer precursors polymer precursor polymer properties polymer property polymer reinforcement polymer reinforcements polymer reinforcements polymer reinforcements polymer resins polymer resin polymer scaffolds polymer scaffold polymer solar cell polymer solar cells polymer solar cell (pscs) polymer solar cells polymer solar cells polymer solar cells polymer supported polymer supports polymer supports polymer supports polymer surfaces polymer surface polymer synthesis polymer synthesis polymer templates polymer template polymer thickness polymer thickness polymer thin films polymer thin film polymer waveguides polymer waveguide polymer-assisted polymer assisted polymer-based materials polymer based material polymer-based nanocomposites polymer based nanocomposite polymer-based solar cells polymer based solar cell polymer-derived ceramics polymer derived ceramic polymer-filler- interaction polymer filler interaction polymer-filler interface polymer filler interface polymer-free polymer free polymer-grafted polymer grafted polymeric components polymeric component polymeric composites polymeric composite polymeric dispersants polymeric dispersant polymeric films polymeric film polymeric foams polymeric foams polymeric hydrogels polymeric hydrogels polymeric ionic liquid (pil) polymeric ionic liquiD polymeric ionic liquids polymeric ionic liquid polymeric layers polymeric layer polymeric light-emitting diodes polymeric light emitting diode polymeric materials polymeric material polymeric matrices polymeric matrix polymeric membranes polymeric membrane polymeric nanocomposites polymeric nanocomposite polymeric nanofibers polymeric nanofiber polymeric nanoparticles polymeric nanoparticle polymeric precursors polymeric precursor polymeric semiconductors polymeric semiconductor polymeric structures polymeric structure polymeric systems polymeric system polymerization catalysts polymerization catalyst polymerization conditions polymerization condition polymerization initiators polymerization initiators polymerization mechanisms polymerization mechanism polymerization process polymerization process polymerization rates polymerization rate polymerization routes polymerization route polymerized ionic liquids polymerized ionic liquid polymer-matrix composites polymer matrix composite polymermatrix composites (pmcs) polymermatrix composites polymer-matrix composites (pmcs) polymer matrix composite polymer-modified polymer modified polymers polymer polymer-solvent interactions polymer solvent interaction polymer-stabilized blue phase polymer stabilized blue phase polymer-supported polymer supports polymethacrylates polymethacrylate polymethacrylic acids polymethacrylic acid polymethyl methacrylate films polymethyl methacrylate film polymethyl methacrylates polymethyl methacrylate polymethylmethacrylate polymethyl methacrylate polymethylsiloxanes polymethylsiloxane poly-n,n-dimethyl-n,n-diallylammonium chloride poly n,n dimethyl n,n diallylammonium chloride poly-n-isopropyl acrylamide poly n isopropylacrylamide poly-n-isopropylacrylamide poly n isopropylacrylamide polynomial methods polynomial method polynomials polynomials polynorbornenes polynorbornene polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase polynucleotide 5' hydroxyl kinase polynucleotides polynucleotide polyol polyolS polyol approaches polyol approach polyol methods polyol method polyol process polyol process polyol reduction process polyol reduction process polyol reductions polyol reduction polyolefin polyolefins polyolefins polyolefins polyols polyols poly-o-phenylenediamine poly o phenylenediamine polyoxometalate clusters polyoxometalate cluster polyoxometalates polyoxometalate polypeptides polypeptide polyphenol polyphenols polyphenolic compounds polyphenolic compound polyphenols polyphenols polyphenylene oxides polyphenylene oxide polyphenylene sulfides polyphenylene sulfide polyphenylenes polyphenylene polyphosphoric acids polyphosphoric acid polypropylene matrices polypropylene matrix polypropylene nanocomposites polypropylene nanocomposite polypropylene oxides polypropylene oxide polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride polypropylene graft maleic anhydride polypropylenes polypropylene polypseudorotaxanes polypseudorotaxane polypyrrole (ppy) polypyrrole polypyrrole coatings polypyrrole coating polypyrrole composites polypyrrole composite polypyrrole nanocomposites polypyrrole nanocomposite polypyrrole nanotubes polypyrrole nanotubes polypyrrole nanowires polypyrrole nanowire polypyrrole/graphene polypyrrole graphene polypyrrole-graphene polypyrrole graphene polypyrroles polypyrrole polyradicals polyradical polysaccharides polysaccharide poly-sebacic anhydride poly sebacic anhydride polysilanes polysilane polysiloxanes polysiloxane polysodium 4-styrenesulfonate polysodium 4 styrenesulfonate polysorbates polysorbate polystyrene chains polystyrene chain polystyrene composites polystyrene composite polystyrene films polystyrene film polystyrene micro-sphere polystyrene micro sphere polystyrene nanocomposites polystyrene nanocomposite polystyrene nanoparticles polystyrene nanoparticle polystyrene spheres polystyrene sphere polystyrenes polystyrene polysulfides polysulfide polysulfone membranes polysulfone membrane polysulfones polysulfone polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe) polytetrafluoroethylene polytetrafluoroethylene membranes polytetrafluoroethylene membrane polytetrafluoroethylenes polytetrafluoroethylene polytetramethylene glycols polytetramethylene glycols poly-thiophene poly thiophene polythiophene derivatives polythiophene derivative polytypes polytype polyurea polyureas polyureas polyureas polyurethan polyurethane polyurethane acrylates polyurethane acrylate polyurethane cationomers polyurethane cationomers polyurethane coatings polyurethane coating polyurethane composites polyurethane composite polyurethane elastomer polyurethane elastomers polyurethane elastomers polyurethane elastomers polyurethane films polyurethane film polyurethane nanocomposites polyurethane nanocomposite polyurethanes polyurethane polyvinyl acetates polyvinyl acetate polyvinyl acetates (pvac) polyvinyl acetate polyvinyl alcohol (pva) polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl alcohol gels polyvinyl alcohol gels polyvinyl alcohols polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl chloride (pvc) polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl chlorides polyvinyl chloride polyvinylidene chlorides polyvinylidene chloride polyvinylidene fluoride films polyvinylidene fluoride film polyvinylidene fluoride membranes polyvinylidene fluoride membrane polyvinylidene fluorides polyvinylidene fluoride polyvinyls polyvinyls polyynes polyyne ponderomotive forces ponderomotive force poole-frenkel poole frenkel poor solubilities poor solubility poor solvents poor solvent population analysis population analysis population densities population density population inversions population inversion population statistics population statistic pore channels pore channel pore characteristics pore characteristic pore densities pore density pore diameters pore diameter pore models pore model pore size analysis pore size analysis pore-forming agents pore forming agent pore-size analysis pore size analysis pore-size distribution pore size distribution porous porous porous architectures porous architecture porous carbon electrodes porous carbon electrode porous carbon materials porous carbon material porous carbon nanofibers porous carbon nanofiber porous carbons porous carbon porous ceramics porous ceramics porous characteristics porous characteristic porous composites porous composite porous electrodes porous electrode porous films porous film porous gels porous gels porous gold electrodes porous gold electrode porous materials porous material porous matrixs porous matrix porous media porous medium porous membranes porous membrane porous metal oxides porous metal oxide porous microspheres porous microsphere porous monolith porous monoliths porous monoliths porous monoliths porous nanocomposites porous nanocomposite porous nanoparticles porous nanoparticle porous nanospheres porous nanosphere porous nanostructures porous nanostructure porous nanotubes porous nanotubes porous network structures porous network structure porous networks porous network porous polymers porous polymer porous shells porous shells porous silica porous silicon porous solids porous solid porous structures porous structure porous substrates porous substrate porphyrin composites porphyrin composite porphyrin moieties porphyrin moiety porphyrin molecules porphyrin molecule porphyrinoids porphyrinoids porphyrins porphyrins portable applications portable application portable consumer electronics portable consumer electronic portable electronic devices portable electronic device portable electronics portable electronic position dependent mass position dependent mass position dependents position dependents position sensors position sensor position-dependent mass position dependent mass position-sensitive detectors position sensitive detector positive active materials positive active material positive bias positive bias positive bias temperature instabilities positive bias temperature instability positive bias temperature instability (pbti) positive bias temperature instability positive bias voltages positive bias voltage positive charges positive charge positive correlations positive correlation positive effects positive effect positive electrode materials positive electrode material positive electrodes positive electrode positive energies positive energy positive ions positive ion positive temperature coefficient effects positive temperature coefficient effect positively charged surfaces positively charged surface positron annihilation lifetimes positron annihilation lifetime positron emission tomography (pet) positron emission tomography positron-emission tomography positron emission tomography positrons positrons poss poss possible futures possible future possible mechanisms possible mechanism possible solutions possible solution post cmos post cmos post heat-treatment post heat treatment post transfer process post transfer process post treatment process post treatment process postbuckling analysis postbuckling analysis post-cmos post cmos post-deposition post deposition post-fabrication post fabrication post-fertilization post fertilization post-fire post fire post-graphenization post graphenization post-implantation post implantation post-metallization annealing post metallization annealing post-modification post modification postprocessing methods postprocessing method post-silicon post silicon postsynthesis postsynthesis post-synthesis treatment post synthesis treatment post-thermal annealing post thermal annealing post-transfer process post transfer process post-treatment process post treatment process potassium atoms potassium atom potassium compounds potassium compound potassium dichromates potassium dichromate potassium ions potassium ion potassium salts potassium salt potential adsorbents potential adsorbent potential applications potential application potential barriers potential barrier potential benefits potential benefits potential building blocks potential building block potential changes potential change potential curves potential curve potential cycles potential cycle potential device applications potential device application potential distributions potential distribution potential effects potential effect potential energy curves potential energy curve potential energy functions potential energy function potential energy landscapes potential energy landscape potential energy profiles potential energy profile potential energy surfaces potential energy surface potential fluctuations potential fluctuation potential forces potential force potential gradients potential gradients potential hydrogens potential hydrogen potential impacts potential impacts potential limits potential limit potential materials potential material potential measurements potential measurement potential methods potential method potential parameters potential parameter potential profiles potential profile potential scan rates potential scan rate potential sources potential source potential spintronics potential spintronics potential steps potential step potential technical applications potential technical application potential techniques potential technique potential values potential value potential variations potential variation potential wells potential wells potential windows potential windows potential-dependent potential dependent potentiodynamic polarization curves potentiodynamic polarization curve potentiometric potentiometry potentiometric measurements potentiometric measurement potentiometric sensors potentiometric sensor potentiometric titrations potentiometric titration potentiostatic methods potentiostatic method potentiostatics potentiostatics powder coatings powder coating powder metals powder metal powder samples powder sample powder x-ray diffraction (pxrd) powder x ray diffraction powders powder powders: chemical preparations powder: chemical preparation power amplifiers power amplifier power analysis power analysis power conversion efficiencies power conversion efficiency power delay product (pdp) power delay product power demands power demands power densities power density power electronics power electronic power factors power factor power functions power function power gain power gains power gain cutoff frequencies power gain cutoff frequency power gains power gains power gatings power gatings power inductors power inductors power laws power laws power levels power level power losses power loss power series power serie power sources power source power supply circuits power supply circuit power supply voltage drop (ir drop) power supply voltage drop power-delay products power delay product power-law power law power-law behavior power law behaviuor power-law dependences power law dependence power-law fashions power law fashion power-losses power loss power-scaling power-spectra power spectra ppb levels ppb level p-phenylene diamines p phenylene diamine p-phenylenediamine p phenylene diamine p-polarized p polarized ppy films ppy film practical foundations practical foundation practical methods practical method practical platforms practical platform practical problems practical problem practical realizations practical realization practical schemes practical scheme practical solutions practical solution praseodymium compounds praseodymium compound precious metal alloys precious metal alloy precious metal catalysts precious metal catalyst precious metal compounds precious metal compound precious metals precious metal precipitating agents precipitating agent precipitation methods precipitation method precipitation polymerizations precipitation polymerization precipitation process precipitation process precipitation-deposition precipitation deposition precise analysis precise analysis precise fabrications precise fabrication precise measurements precise measurement precision glass precision glass precision glass moldings precision glass moldings pre-coating pre coating pre-concentration pre concentration pre-concentration and separations pre concentration and separation pre-concentration techniques pre concentration technique precursor composites precursor composite precursor ions precursor ion precursor materials precursor material precursor molecules precursor molecule precursor polymers precursor polymer precursor solutions precursor solution precusors precusor pre-deposition pre deposition prediction methods prediction method prediction-based prediction based predictive behaviors predictive behavior predictive capabilities predictive capability prefactors prefactor preferential attachments preferential attachments preferential pathways preferential pathways preferred orientations preferred orientation prehydrolysis prehydrolysis preliminary analysis preliminary analysis pre-lithiation pre lithiation pre-oxidation pre oxidation preparation and properties preparation and property preparation conditions preparation condition preparation methods preparation method preparation procedures preparation procedure preparation process preparation process preparation temperatures preparation temperature pre-patterning pre patterning prepregs prepregs prepulses prepulse pre-reduction pre reduction present status present status pressure coefficients pressure coefficient pressure conditions pressure condition pressure differences pressure difference pressure effects pressure effect pressure ranges pressure range pressure sensitive adhesives pressure sensitive adhesive pressure sensitivities pressure sensitivity pressure sensors pressure sensor pressure vessels pressure vessel pressure-driven pressure driven pressureless sintered pressureless sintering pressure-less sintering pressure less sintering pressureless-sintered pressureless sintering pre-strain pre strain prestressing forces prestressing force pre-tension pre tension pre-treatment pre treatment pretreatment methods pretreatment method pretreatment process pretreatment process pre-treatments pre treatment primary amine groups primary amine group primary amines primary amine primary batteries primary battery primary cells primary cells primary electrons primary electron primary factors primary factor primary knock-on atoms primary knock on atom primary lithium batteries primary lithium battery primary materials primary material primary nanoparticles primary nanoparticle primary parameters primary parameter primary particles primary particle primary sources primary source primary structures primary structure principal component analysis principal component analysis principal directions principal direction principle of virtual displacements principle of virtual displacement printable electronics printable electronic printed circuit boards printed circuit board printed circuits printed circuit printed electronics printed electronic printed electronics technologies printed electronic technology printed patterns printed pattern printed sensors printed sensor printing presses printing press printing process printing process printing techniques printing technique printing technologies printing technology prism angles prism angle prisms prisms pristine materials pristine material pristine nanotubes pristine nanotubes pristine polymers pristine polymer pristine structures pristine structure pro inflammatory cytokines pro inflammatory cytokine probability densities probability density probability distributions probability distribution probe measurements probe measurement probe methods probe method probe molecules probe molecule probe photons probe photons probe reactions probe reaction probe tips probe tip probes probe procedures procedure procedures concerning cells procedures concerning cells process flows process flows process parameters process parameter process steps process step process technologies process technology process variables process variable processibility processible process-induced variation process induced variation processing and properties processing and property processing environments processing environment processing parameters processing parameter processing properties processing property processing steps processing step processing strategies processing strategy processing technologies processing technology processing windows processing windows product characterizations product characterization product distributions product distribution product selectivities product selectivity production methods production method production of production process production process production rates production rate production techniques production technique professional aspects professional aspects prognosis prognosis prognostic indicators prognostic indicators program packages program package program processors program processor programmable logic control programmable logic controllers programmable logic controllers programmable logic controllers programming currents programming current progressive additions progressive addition proinflammatory cytokines proinflammatory cytokine pro-inflammatory cytokines pro inflammatory cytokine projectiles projectil projector augmented waves projector augmented wave projector-augmented waves projector augmented wave prominent features prominent feature promising materials promising material promotion effects promotion effect proof of principles proof of principle proof-of-principle experiments proof of principle experiment propagating characteristics propagating characteristic propagating surface plasmons propagating surface plasmons propagation analysis propagation analysis propagation characteristics propagation characteristic propagation delay propagation delays propagation delays propagation delays propagation distances propagation distance propagation lengths propagation length propagation loss propagation loss propagation of cracks propagation of cracks propagation of electromagnetic waves propagation of electromagnetic wave propagation process propagation process propagation properties propagation property propellants propellant properties property properties and microstructures property and microstructure properties of coatings property of coating properties of composites property of composite properties of solutions property of solution property analysis property analysis property changes property change property characterizations property characterization property improvements property improvement property relations property relation propylene glycols propylene glycols prospective applications prospective application prostate cancer cells prostate cancer cells prostate cancers prostate cancers prostate specific antigen (psa) prostate specific antigen prostate-specific antigen prostate specific antigen prostatic neoplasms prostatic prostheses and implants prostheses and implant prostheses and orthoses prostheses and orthose prosthesis prosthesis prosthetics prosthetics protection coatings protection coating protection layers protection layer protection methods protection method protective atmospheres protective atmosphere protective coatings protective coating protective effects protective effect protective layers protective layer protective membranes protective membrane protective oxide layers protective oxide layer protective properties protective property protein analysis protein analysis protein antigens protein antigen protein biosynthesis protein biosynthesis protein concentrations protein concentration protein coronas protein corona protein expressions protein expression protein interaction domains and motifs protein interaction domains and motifs protein molecules protein molecule protein precursors protein precursor protein structures protein structure protein synthesis protein synthesis protein-protein interaction protein protein interaction protein-protein interactions protein protein interaction proteins protein proteolysis proteolysis proteome analysis proteome analysis proteomics proteomics protic solvents protic solvent proton protons proton conducting materials proton conducting material proton conductors proton conductors proton exchange membrane fuel cell proton exchange membrane fuel cells proton exchange membrane fuel cell (pemfcs) proton exchange membrane fuel cells proton exchange membrane fuel cells proton exchange membrane fuel cells proton exchange membrane fuel cells (pemfc) proton exchange membrane fuel cells proton exchange membranes proton exchange membrane proton hyperfine couplings proton hyperfine coupling proton-conducting membranes proton conducting membrane proton-conducting polymer electrolytes proton conducting polymer electrolyte proton-exchange membrane proton exchange membrane proton-exchange membrane fuel cells proton exchange membrane fuel cells protonic conductivities protonic conductivity protons protons proto-oncogene proteins c-sis proto oncogene proteins c sis protoporphyrins protoporphyrins prototype devices prototype device prototype reactors prototype reactor proven reserves proven reserve provide guidances provide guidance proximity couplings proximity coupling proximity effects proximity effect proximity sensors proximity sensor proximity-induced superconductivity proximity induced superconductivity prussian blue analogues prussian blue analogue prussian blue nanoparticles prussian blue nanoparticle pseudo capacitances pseudo capacitance pseudo first-order kinetics pseudo first order kinetic pseudo potentials pseudo potential pseudo second order kinetics pseudo second order kinetic pseudo-brewster angle pseudo brewster angle pseudo-capacitive materials pseudo capacitive material pseudo-capacitive properties pseudo capacitive property pseudocapacitors pseudocapacitor pseudo-first order kinetic model pseudo first order kinetic model pseudo-first order kinetics pseudo first order kinetic pseudo-first order reactions pseudo first order reaction pseudo-first-order pseudo first order pseudo-first-order rate constant pseudo first order rate constant pseudo-magnetic field pseudo magnetic field pseudomagnetic fields pseudomagnetic field pseudomonas pseudomonas pseudomonas fluorescens pseudomonas fluorescens pseudo-negative-photoconductivity pseudo negative photoconductivity pseudopotentials pseudopotential pseudo-second order model pseudo second order model pseudo-second-order equations pseudo second order equation pseudo-second-order kinetic models pseudo second order kinetic model pseudo-second-order rate equation pseudo second order rate equation pseudo-spin valves pseudo spin valve pseudospins pseudospin pseudo-zero-order kinetics pseudo zero order kinetic p-structures p structure pt atoms pt atom pt catalysts pt catalyst pt clusters pt cluster pt electrocatalysts pt electrocatalyst pt films pt film pt foils pt foils pt nanoclusters pt nanocluster pt nanoflowers pt nanoflowers pt nanoparticles pt nanoparticle pt nanowires pt nanowire pt precursors pt precursor pt thin films pt thin film pt(1 1 1) pt(111) pt/c catalysts pt/c catalyst pt/c electrocatalysts pt/c electrocatalyst pt-au alloys pt au alloy ptau bimetallic nanoparticles ptau bimetallic nanoparticle ptau nanoparticles ptau nanoparticle pt-based catalyst pt based catalyst pt-based electrocatalyst pt based electrocatalyst pt-co alloy nanoparticles pt co alloy nanoparticle pt-co alloys pt co alloy ptco catalysts ptco catalyst pt-co nanoparticles pt co nanoparticle pt-doped graphene pt doped graphene pt-functionalized pt functionalized pt-ni alloys pt ni alloy pt-ni catalysts pt ni catalyst p-toluene sulfonic acids p toluene sulfonic acid p-toluenesulfonates p toluenesulfonate p-tolyl p tolyl p-to-n conversion p to n conversion pt-pd pt pd ptpd nanoparticles ptpd nanoparticle pt-pd nanoparticles pt pd nanoparticle pt-ru alloy nanoparticles pt ru alloy nanoparticle ptru bimetallic nanoparticles ptru bimetallic nanoparticle pt-ru catalysts pt ru catalyst pt-ru electrocatalyst pt ru electrocatalyst ptru electrocatalysts ptru electrocatalyst pt-ru nanoparticles pt ru nanoparticle pt-sn/graphene pt sn/graphene p-type p type p-type behaviors p type behaviour p-type characteristics p type characteristic p-type conduction p type conduction p-type conductivity p type conductivity p-type dopant p type dopant p-type doping p type doping p-type gan p type gan p-type organic semiconductors p type organic semiconductor p-type si p type si p-type silicon p type silicon p-type substrates p type substrate puddle formations puddle formation pull-in voltage pull in voltage pull-off forces pull off force pull-out pull out pull-out force pull out force pulmonary surfactants pulmonary surfactant pulsar-based navigation pulsar based navigation pulse amplifiers pulse amplifier pulse characteristics pulse characteristic pulse durations pulse duration pulse energies pulse energy pulse frequencies pulse frequency pulse generators pulse generator pulse measurements pulse measurement pulse repetition frequencies pulse repetition frequency pulse separations pulse separation pulse shaping circuits pulse shaping circuit pulsed fiber lasers pulsed fiber laser pulsed i-v pulsed i v pulsed laser applications pulsed laser application pulsed lasers pulsed laser pulsed magnetic fields pulsed magnetic field pulsed measurements pulsed measurement pulsed-laser deposition technique pulsed laser deposition technique pulsewidths pulsewidths pump intensities pump intensity pump sources pump source pumped spin-current pumped spin current pumping process pumping process pump-probe pump probe pump-probe experiments pump probe experiment pump-probe signals pump probe signal pump-probe spectroscopy pump probe spectroscopy pump-probe technique pump probe technique pumps pumps pure components pure component pure films pure film pure materials pure material pure metals pure metal pure nickels pure nickels pure polymers pure polymer purification procedures purification procedure purification process purification process purines purine pva films pva film pva nanocomposites pva nanocomposite pvc matrices pvc matrix pvdf nanocomposite films pvdf nanocomposite film pvdf nanocomposites pvdf nanocomposite pvdf-trfe pvdf trfe pyramid arrays pyramid array pyranocoumarins pyranocoumarins pyrene butyric acids pyrene butyric acid pyrene derivatives pyrene derivative pyrenebutyric acid pyrene butyric acid pyrenes pyrene pyrethroids pyrethroid pyridine derivatives pyridine derivative pyridine molecules pyridine molecule pyridines pyridine pyridinic-nitrogen pyridinic nitrogen pyridinium compounds pyridinium compound pyrimidines pyrimidine pyrites pyrite pyrocarbons pyrocarbon pyroelectric coefficients pyroelectric coefficient pyroelectrics pyroelectric pyrolysis pyrolysis pyrolysis process pyrolysis process pyrolysis products pyrolysis product pyrolytic graphite electrodes pyrolytic graphite electrode pyrolytic graphites pyrolytic graphite pyrolytic synthesis pyrolytic synthesis pyromellitic anhydrides pyromellitic anhydride pyrrole monomers pyrrole monomer pyrroles pyrrole pyrrolidines pyrrolidine pyrrolidinones pyrrolidinone pyrus pyrus q switche q switched q switched lasers q switchd laser qcm-d qcm d q-factor q factor q-factors q factor qpsk signals qpsk signal q-switched q switched q-switched envelopes q switched envelope q-switched fiber laser q switched fiber laser q-switched fiber lasers q switched fiber laser q-switched mode locking q switched mode locking q-switched mode-locking q switched mode locking q-switched mode-locking laser q switched mode locking laser q-switched operation q switched operation q-switched pulse q switched pulse q-switched solid-state lasers q switched solid state laser q-switches q switching q-switching q switching q-switching and mode-locking q switching and mode locking q-switching instabilities q switching instability quadrupole coupling constants quadrupole coupling constant quadrupole ion traps quadrupole ion tra quadrupoles quadrupole qualitative analysis qualitative analysis qualitative and quantitative analysis qualitative and quantitative analysis qualitative changes qualitative change qualitative differences qualitative difference qualitative features qualitative feature qualitative observations qualitative observation qualitative properties qualitative property quality factors quality factor quantitative agreements quantitative agreement quantitative analysis quantitative analysis quantitative determinations quantitative determination quantitative effects quantitative effect quantitative estimates quantitative estimate quantitative image analysis quantitative image analysis quantitative models quantitative model quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction quantitative relations quantitative relation quantitative results quantitative result quantitative structure property relationships quantitative structure property relationhips quantization effects quantization effect quantized energies quantized energy quantized energy levels quantized energy level quantized fracture mechanics quantized fracture mechanics quantized hall resistance (qhr) standard quantized hall resistance standard quantizing magnetic fields quantizing magnetic field quantum behaviors quantum behavior quantum capacitance effects quantum capacitance effect quantum capacitances quantum capacitance quantum carriers quantum carriers quantum cascade lasers quantum cascade laser quantum cascades quantum cascade quantum chaos quantum chaos quantum charges quantum charge quantum chemical calculations quantum chemical calculation quantum chemical computations quantum chemical computation quantum chemical molecular dynamics quantum chemical molecular dynamic quantum chemical molecular dynamics simulations quantum chemical molecular dynamic simulation quantum chemical studies quantum chemical study quantum chemistry calculations quantum chemistry calculation quantum chemistry methods quantum chemistry method quantum computers quantum computers quantum computing devices quantum computing device quantum conductance oscillations quantum conductance oscillation quantum conductances quantum conductance quantum confinement effects quantum confinement effect quantum correlations quantum correlation quantum critical point (qcp) quantum critical point quantum critical points quantum critical point quantum devices quantum device quantum disks quantum disks quantum dot arrays quantum dot array quantum dot devices quantum dot device quantum dot lasers quantum dot laser quantum dot layers quantum dot layer quantum dot sensitized solar cells quantum dot sensitized solar cell quantum dot solar cells quantum dot solar cells quantum dots quantum dots quantum dots (qds) quantum dots quantum dots sensitized solar cells quantum dots sensitized solar cell quantum dot-sensitized solar cells quantum dot sensitized solar cell quantum dots-sensitized solar cells quantum dots sensitized solar cell quantum dynamics quantum dynamic quantum effects quantum effect quantum electrodynamics quantum electrodynamic quantum electronics quantum electronic quantum emitters quantum emitters quantum fluids quantum fluid quantum frictions quantum friction quantum gates quantum gate quantum hall bilayers quantum hall bilayer quantum hall devices quantum hall device quantum hall effect (qhe) quantum hall effect quantum hall effects quantum hall effect quantum hall liquids quantum hall liquid quantum hall measurements quantum hall measurement quantum hall regimes quantum hall regime quantum hall systems quantum hall system quantum hydrodynamics quantum hydrodynamic quantum interference devices quantum interference device quantum interference effects quantum interference effect quantum interference patterns quantum interference pattern quantum interferences quantum interference quantum kinetic equations quantum kinetic equation quantum levels quantum level quantum liquids quantum liquid quantum magnetic oscillations quantum magnetic oscillation quantum master equations quantum master equation quantum mechanical (qm) quantum mechanical quantum mechanical analysis quantum mechanical analysis quantum mechanical effects quantum mechanical effect quantum mechanical simulations quantum mechanical simulation quantum mechanics quantum mechanics quantum mechanics (qm) quantum mechanics quantum models quantum model quantum molecular dynamics quantum molecular dynamic quantum monte carlo calculations quantum monte carlo calculation quantum monte carlo methods quantum monte carlo method quantum monte carlo simulations quantum monte carlo simulation quantum monte carlo studies quantum monte carlo study quantum numbers quantum number quantum optics quantum optic quantum oscillations quantum oscillation quantum parameters quantum parameter quantum phase transitions quantum phase transition quantum physics quantum physics quantum plasmonics quantum plasmonic quantum properties quantum property quantum pumps quantum pumping quantum pumps quantum pumping quantum regimes quantum regime quantum rings quantum ring quantum simulations quantum simulation quantum size effects quantum size effect quantum spin halls quantum spin halls quantum theory of atoms in molecules quantum theory of atom in molecule quantum trajectories quantum trajectory quantum transport equations quantum transport equation quantum transport models quantum transport model quantum transport properties quantum transport property quantum transport simulations quantum transport simulation quantum transports quantum transport quantum tunnelling quantum tunneling quantum units quantum units quantum values quantum value quantum waves quantum wave quantum well lasers quantum well laser quantum well structures quantum well structure quantum wells quantum well quantum wires quantum wire quantum-chemical calculation quantum chemical calculation quantum-chemical methods quantum chemical method quantum-chemical simulations quantum chemical simulation quantum-chemical techniques quantum chemical technique quantum-classical quantum classical quantum-dot quantum dot quantum-dot light emitting diodes quantum dot light emitting diode quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells quantum dot sensitized solar cell quantum-electronic devices quantum electronic device quantum-information processing quantum information processing quantum-mechanical (qm) quantum mechanical quantum-mechanical calculation quantum mechanical calculation quantum-mechanical simulation quantum mechanical simulation quantum-mechanical study quantum mechanical study quantum-mechanical tunneling quantum mechanical tunneling quartz crystal microbalance sensors quartz crystal microbalance sensor quartz crystal microbalance techniques quartz crystal microbalance technique quartz crystal microbalances quartz crystal microbalance quartz glass quartz glass quartz glass substrates quartz glass substrate quartz slides quartz slide quartz surfaces quartz surface quartz tubes quartz tube quasi one-dimensional quasi one dimensional quasi particles quasi particle quasi reversible process quasi reversible process quasi solid state dye sensitized solar cells quasi solid state dye sensitized solar cells quasi-2d quasi 2d quasi-ballistic quasi ballistic quasi-ballistic transport quasi ballistic transport quasi-bound state quasi bound state quasi-continuum quasi continuum quasi-energy quasi energy quasi-energy spectrum quasi energy spectrum quasi-equilibrium quasi equilibrium quasi-fermi level quasi fermi level quasi-free standing graphene quasi free standing graphene quasi-linear quasi linear quasi-one dimensional quasi one dimensional quasi-one-dimensional quasi one dimensional quasi-one-dimensional materials quasi one dimensional material quasi-one-dimensional systems quasi one dimensional system quasiparticle dynamics quasiparticle dynamic quasi-particle state quasi particle state quasiparticles quasiparticle quasi-particles quasi particle quasi-periodic quasi periodic quasiperiodic oscillations quasiperiodic oscillation quasi-periodic structures quasi periodic structure quasi-reversible process quasi reversible process quasi-saturation quasi saturation quasi-solid state quasi solid state quasi-solid state electrolyte quasi solid state electrolyte quasi-solid state electrolytes quasi solid state electrolyte quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells quasi solid state dye sensitized solar cell quasi-static quasi static quasi-static loading quasi static loading quasi-two-dimensional crystals quasi two dimensional crystal quasi-two-dimensional spaces quasi two dimensional space quasi-two-dimensional system quasi two dimensional system quaternary ammonium compounds quaternary ammonium compound quaternary nitrogens quaternary nitrogens quaternized chitosans quaternized chitosans quay walls quay walls quenching mechanisms quenching mechanism quenching of the fluorescence quenching of fluorescence quenching process quenching process questionnaires questionnaire quinones quinone q-values q value rabbit rabbits rabbits rabbits rabi oscillations rabi oscillation radar absorbing materials radar absorbing material radial breathing modes radial breathing mode radial distribution function (rdf) radial distribution function radial distribution functions radial distribution function radial strains radial strains radiation characteristics radiation characteristic radiation defects radiation defect radiation detector radiation detectors radiation detectors radiation detectors radiation effects radiation effect radiation frequencies radiation frequency radiation hardness radiation hardness radiation loss radiation loss radiation patterns radiation pattern radiation process radiation process radiation sensors radiation sensor radiation tolerances radiation tolerance radiation-heated chemical vapor deposition radiation heated chemical vapor deposition radiation-induced radiation induced radiative emissions radiative emission radiative heat fluxes radiative heat flux radiative properties radiative property radiative transitions radiative transition radiators radiators radical cations radical cation radical initiators radical initiators radical polymers radical polymer radical reactions radical reaction radical scavengers radical scavengers radical scavenging radical scavengers radical species radical specy radicals radical radio frequencies radio frequency radio frequency (rf) radio frequency radio frequency amplifiers radio frequency amplifier radio frequency applications radio frequency application radio frequency characteristics radio frequency characteristic radio frequency devices radio frequency device radio frequency identification (rfid) radio frequency identification radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor depositions radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor depositions radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition radio frequency transistors radio frequency transistor radio receivers radio receivers radio waves radio wave radioactive materials radioactive material radioactive wastes radioactive waste radio-frequency radio frequency radio-frequency (rf) radio frequency radio-frequency applications radio frequency application radio-frequency devices radio frequency device radio-frequency response radio frequency response radiofrequency signals radiofrequency signal radioisotopes radioisotope radiolysis radiolysis radiometer radiometers radiometers radiometers radionuclides radionuclide radio-over-fiber radio over fiber radomes radome raft agents raft agent raman active modes raman active mode raman analysis raman analysis raman and uv-visible spectroscopy raman and uv visible spectroscopy raman and xps raman and xps raman band shifts raman band shift raman bands raman band raman characteristics raman characteristic raman cross sections raman cross section raman d-band raman d band raman experiments raman experiment raman fiber lasers raman fiber laser raman frequencies raman frequency raman frequency shifts raman frequency shift raman image raman imaging raman images raman imaging raman intensities raman intensity raman investigations raman investigation raman lasers raman laser raman lines raman line raman mapping measurements raman mapping measurement raman maps raman mapping raman maps raman mapping raman measurements raman measurement raman microscope raman microscopy raman modes raman mode raman parameters raman parameter raman peak shifts raman peak shift raman peaks raman peak raman process raman process raman properties raman property raman selection rules raman selection rule raman signatures raman signature raman spectral raman spectra raman spectral measurements raman spectral measurement raman spectral signatures raman spectral signature raman spectrometers raman spectrometers raman spectrometries raman spectrometry raman spectroscope raman spectroscopy raman spectroscopic raman spectroscopy raman spectroscopy measurements raman spectroscopy measurement raman spectrums raman spectrum raman studies raman study raman substrates raman substrate raman techniques raman technique random access memories random access memory random configurations random configuration random disorders random disorder random dispersions random dispersion random mixtures random mixture random network models random network model random orientations random orientation random phase approximations random phase approximation random potentials random potential random processes random process random-coil structures random coil structure random-phase approximation random phase approximation range defects range defect rapid analysis rapid analysis rapid changes rapid change rapid cooling process rapid cooling process rapid heating process rapid heating process rapid reactions rapid reaction rapid synthesis rapid synthesis rapid thermal annealing (rta) rapid thermal annealing rapid thermal annealing process rapid thermal annealing process rapid thermal chemical vapor depositions rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition rapid thermal process rapid thermal process rapid transformations rapid transformation rapid-heating rapid heating rare earth additions rare earth addition rare earth elements rare earth element rare earth elements (rees) rare earth element rare earth ions rare earth ion rare earth metals rare earth metal rare earths rare earths rare gas atoms rare gas atom rare-earth-doped fiber lasers rare earth doped fiber laser rashba effects rashba effect rashba parameters rashba parameter rashba spin-orbit coupling rashba spin orbit coupling rashba spin-orbit interaction rashba spin orbit interaction rashba spin-orbit interactions rashba spin orbit interaction rashba-type spin-orbit rashba type spin orbit rat rats rat glial progenitor cells rat glial progenitor cells ratchet effects ratchet effect rate capabilities rate capability rate coefficients rate coefficient rate constants rate constant rate equations rate equation rate properties rate property rate-controlling steps rate controlling step rate-limiting steps rate limiting step rate-of-energy rate of energy rational functions rational function rational methods rational method rational synthesis rational synthesis rats rats rats, sprague-dawley rats, sprague dawley rattus rattus rattus norvegicus rattus norvegicus raw 264.7 cells raw 264.7 cells rayleigh anomalies rayleigh anomaly rayleigh-taylor instabilities rayleigh taylor instability rc time constants rc time constant re crystallizations re crystallization reactant concentrations reactant concentration reactant mixtures reactant mixture reaction analysis reaction analysis reaction barriers reaction barrier reaction cells reaction cells reaction chambers reaction chambers reaction channels reaction channel reaction conditions reaction condition reaction cycles reaction cycle reaction energetics reaction energetic reaction intermediates reaction intermediate reaction kinetics reaction kinetic reaction mechanisms reaction mechanism reaction media reaction medium reaction mixtures reaction mixture reaction orders reaction order reaction parameters reaction parameter reaction paths reaction pathways reaction paths reaction pathways reaction pathways reaction pathways reaction process reaction process reaction products reaction product reaction rates reaction rate reaction schemes reaction scheme reaction sequences reaction sequence reaction sites reaction site reaction solutions reaction solution reaction solvents reaction solvent reaction steps reaction step reaction velocities reaction velocity reaction with waters reaction with water reaction yields reaction yields reactive adsorbents reactive adsorbent reactive brilliant red x-3b reactive brilliant red x 3b reactive components reactive component reactive copolymers reactive copolymer reactive dyes reactive dyes reactive empirical bond order potentials reactive empirical bond order potential reactive empirical bond orders reactive empirical bond order reactive extrusions reactive extrusion reactive functional groups reactive functional group reactive gas reactive gas reactive materials reactive material reactive mixtures reactive mixture reactive molecular dynamics reactive molecular dynamic reactive nitrogen species reactive nitrogen specy reactive oxidative species reactive oxidative specy reactive oxygen species reactive oxygen specy reactive oxygen species (ros) reactive oxygen specy reactive plasmas reactive plasma reactive radicals reactive radical reactive species reactive specy reactive surfaces reactive surface reactive surfactants reactive surfactant reactor cores reactor core read-cycle read cycle readout systems readout system reagent less reagent less reagentless reagent less reagentless reagent less reagent-less reagent less re-aggregation re aggregation real applications real application real sample analysis real sample analysis real samples real sample real space methods real space method real spaces real space real time measurements real time measurement real time systems real time system real water samples real water sample realistic applications realistic application realistic conditions realistic condition realistic devices realistic device real-life applications real life application real-space real space real-space renormalization real space renormalization real-time detection real time detection real-time dynamics real time dynamic real-time ft-ir real time ft ir real-time information real time information real-time polymerase chain reaction real time polymerase chain reaction real-time probing real time probing real-time studies real time study real-time switching real time switching real-world application real world application re-arrangement re arrangement rearrangement reactions rearrangement reaction recent progress recent progress recent researches recent researche recent trends recent trends receptor mediated endocytosis receptor mediated endocytosis receptor, erbb-2 receptor, erbb 2 receptor-mediated endocytosis receptor mediated endocytosis rechargeable batteries rechargeable battery rechargeable li batteries rechargeable lithium ion battery rechargeable li s battery rechargeable lithium ion battery rechargeable li-s battery rechargeable lithium ion battery rechargeable lithium batteries rechargeable lithium ion battery rechargeable lithium battery rechargeable lithium ion battery rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries rechargeable lithium sulfur battery reciprocal spaces reciprocal space recognition abilities recognition ability recognition properties recognition property recognition units recognition units recombinant fusion proteins recombinant fusion protein recombinant proteins recombinant protein recombination centers recombination center recombination dynamics recombination dynamic recombination kinetics recombination kinetic recombination process recombination process recombination reactions recombination reaction re-configurable re configurable reconfigurable antennas reconfigurable antenna reconfigurable architectures reconfigurable architecture reconfigurable devices reconfigurable device reconfigurable filters reconfigurable filter reconfigurable surfaces reconfigurable surface reconstructed surfaces reconstructed surface reconstruction process reconstruction process recoverable catalysts recoverable catalyst recovery percentages recovery percentage recovery process recovery process recrystallization process recrystallization process recrystallization temperatures recrystallization temperature rectangular holes rectangular hole rectangular lattices rectangular lattice rectangular plates rectangular plate rectangular shaped rectangular shape rectangular shapes rectangular shape rectangular waveguides rectangular waveguide rectangular-shaped rectangular shape rectenna rectennas rectennas rectennas rectification effects rectification effect rectification factors rectification factor rectification properties rectification property rectifying behaviors rectifying behavior rectifying characteristics rectifying characteristic rectifying circuits rectifying circuit rectifying properties rectifying property recursion methods recursion method recursive functions recursive function recycled plastics recycled plastics recycling applications recycling application recycling experiments recycling experiment recycling process recycling process red and blue shifts red and blue shift red emissions red emission redispersions redispersion re-distribution re distribution redlich-peterson isotherms redlich peterson isotherm redlich-peterson models redlich peterson model redox active groups redox active group redox catalysis redox catalysis redox centers redox center redox charge transfers redox charge transfers redox conditions redox condition redox electrolytes redox electrolyte redox flow batteries redox flow battery redox initiators redox initiators redox mediators redox mediators redox molecules redox molecule redox pairs redox pair redox peak currents redox peak current redox peaks redox peak redox polymers redox polymer redox potentials redox potential redox process redox process redox proteins redox protein redox reactions redox reaction redox signals redox signal redox sites redox site redox species redox specy redox systems redox system redox transformations redox transformation redox waves redox wave redox-active redox active redox-active metals redox active metal red-shifted red shifted reduced catalysts reduced catalyst reduced graphene nanoribbons reduced graphene nanoribbons reduced graphene nanosheets reduced graphene nanosheet reduced graphene oxide (rgo) reduced graphene oxide reduced graphene oxide (r-go) reduced graphene oxide reduced graphene oxide nanosheets reduced graphene oxide nanosheet reduced graphene oxide tetraethylene pentamine (rgo tepa) reduced graphene oxide tetraethylene pentamine reduced graphene oxides reduced graphene oxide reduced graphene oxides (rgo) reduced graphene oxide reduced graphene oxide-tetraethylene pentamine reduced graphene oxide tetraethylene pentamine reduced graphene oxide-tetraethylene pentamine (rgo-tepa) reduced graphene oxide tetraethylene pentamine reduced graphene sheets reduced graphene sheet reduced graphene-oxide reduced graphene oxide reduced graphite oxides reduced graphite oxide reduced order models reduced order model reduced permeabilities reduced permeability reduced-graphene oxide reduced graphene oxide reduced-order methods reduced order method reduced-state reduced state reducing agents reducing agent reducing conditions reducing condition reducing effects reducing effect reducing gas reducing gas reducing process reducing process reducing reagents reducing reagent reductant reductants reductants reductants reduction agents reduction agent reduction by hydrogens reduction by hydrogen reduction conditions reduction condition reduction effects reduction effect reduction kinetics reduction kinetic reduction mechanisms reduction mechanism reduction methods reduction method reduction of co reduction of metal ions reduction of metal ion reduction of nitro compounds reduction of nitro compound reduction of nitroarenes reduction of nitroarene reduction of protons reduction of protons reduction of silver nitrates reduction of silver nitrate reduction peak currents reduction peak current reduction process reduction process reduction products reduction product reduction techniques reduction technique reduction temperatures reduction temperature reduction-oxidation reduction oxidation reductive transformations reductive transformation reels reels re-expansion re expansion reference antennas reference antenna reference devices reference device reference electrodes reference electrode reference specimens reference specimens reference standards reference standards reference values reference value reflectarrays reflectarray reflected waves reflected wave reflection and transmission coefficients reflection and transmission coefficient reflection characteristics reflection characteristic reflection coefficients reflection coefficient reflection electron energy loss spectroscopies reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy reflection loss reflection loss reflection modes reflection mode reflection peaks reflection peak reflective coatings reflective coating reflective mirrors reflective mirrors reflectivity measurements reflectivity measurement reflectometers reflectometers reflux conditions reflux condition refluxing methods refluxing method refractive index changes refractive index change refractive index units refractive index units refractometers refractometers refractory materials refractory material refractory metal compounds refractory metal compound refrigerants refrigerants regenerative fuel cells regenerative fuel cells regional lymph nodes regional lymph node regio-regular regio regular regio-selective regio selective regression analysis regression analysis re-growth re growth regular patterns regular pattern regulation mechanisms regulation mechanism regulatory guidelines regulatory guideline re-hybridization re hybridization reinforced composites reinforced composite reinforced metal matrix composites reinforced metal matrix composite reinforced plastic reinforced plastics reinforced plastics reinforced plastics reinforced polyimides reinforced polyimide reinforced polymer composites reinforced polymer composite reinforced polymers reinforced polymer reinforced thermoplastics reinforced thermoplastics reinforcement effects reinforcement effect reinforcement materials reinforcement material reinforcement mechanisms reinforcement mechanism reinforcing components reinforcing component reinforcing effects reinforcing effect reinforcing elements reinforcing element reinforcing fillers reinforcing fillers rejection ratios rejection ratio related compounds related compound related systems related system relative deviations relative deviation relative distances relative distance relative energies relative energy relative humidities relative humidity relative positions relative position relative ratios relative ratio relative reactivities relative reactivity relative stabilities relative stability relative standard deviations relative standard deviation relativistic dynamics relativistic dynamic relativistic effects relativistic effect relativistic electrons relativistic electron relativistic mass relativistic mass relativistic particles relativistic particle relativistic wave equations relativistic wave equation relaxation behaviors relaxation behavior relaxation channels relaxation channel relaxation dynamics relaxation dynamic relaxation functions relaxation function relaxation kinetics relaxation kinetic relaxation models relaxation model relaxation processes relaxation process relaxation properties relaxation property relaxation rates relaxation rate relaxed conditions relaxed condition relaxometric properties relaxometric property release behaviors release behavior release kinetics release kinetic release process release process release profiles release profile reliability analysis reliability analysis reliability and durabilities reliability and durability reliability characteristics reliability characteristic reliability functions reliability function reliability problems reliability problem reliable estimates reliable estimate reliable methods reliable method remnant polarizations remnant polarization remote actuations remote actuation remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor depositions remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition remote plasmas remote plasma removal efficiencies removal efficiency removal of arsenics removal of arsenic removal of heavy metal ions removal of heavy metal ion removal of impurities removal of impurity removal of metals removal of metal removal of resists removal of resists removal process removal process renewable energies renewable energy renewable energy applications renewable energy application renewable energy devices renewable energy device renewable energy fields renewable energy field renewable energy resources renewable energy resource renewable energy technologies renewable energy technology renewable fuels renewable fuel renewable sources renewable source renormalization effects renormalization effect renormalization group analysis renormalization group analysis renormalization methods renormalization method reorganization energies reorganization energy re-orientation re orientation re-oxidation re oxidation repeated measurements repeated measurement replacement materials replacement material replacement reactions replacement reaction replicate measurements replicate measurement reprecipitation methods reprecipitation method representative volume element (rve) representative volume element representative volume elements representative volume element reproducibilities reproducibility reproducibility of results reproducibility of result repulsion energies repulsion energy repulsion interactions repulsion interaction repulsive forces repulsive force repulsive interactions repulsive interaction repulsive potentials repulsive potential research achievements research achievements research activities research activity research advances research advance research applications research application research areas research area research communities research community research directions research direction research efforts research efforts research fields research field research focus research focus research frontiers research groups research group research institutes research institute research institutions research institution research interests research interests research laboratories research laboratory research platforms research platform research priorities research priority research progress research progress research reports research reports research results research result research status research status research studies research study research tools research tools research topics research topics research trends research trends reset currents reset current residual carbons residual carbon residual concentrations residual concentration residual defects residual defect residual gas residual gas residual gas analyzers residual gas analyzers residual metals residual metal residual polymers residual polymer residual solvents residual solvent residual strains residual strains residual stress residual stress residual stresses residual stresse residual waters residual water residual/internal stress residual/internal stress residue analysis residue analysis resin composites resin composite resin infiltrations resin infiltration resin systems resin system resin-based composite resin based composite resins resin resist thickness resist thickness resistance behaviors resistance behavior resistance bridges resistance bridge resistance characteristics resistance characteristic resistance models resistance model resistance properties resistance property resistance standards resistance standards resistance values resistance value resistance variations resistance variation resistance-area products resistance area product resistance-temperature coefficients resistance temperature coefficient resistive contacts resistive contact resistive couplings resistive coupling resistive gas sensors resistive gas sensor resistive memories resistive memory resistive random access memory (reram) resistive random access memory resistive random access memory (rram) resistive random access memory resistive random-access memory resistive random access memory resistive sheets resistive sheet resistive switching behaviors resistive switching behavior resistive switching devices resistive switching device resistive switching mechanisms resistive switching mechanism resistive switching memories resistive switching memory resistivity changes resistivity change resistivity sensors resistivity sensor resistivity values resistivity value resistors resistors resolution limits resolution limit resonance circuits resonance circuit resonance couplings resonance coupling resonance energies resonance energy resonance frequencies resonance frequency resonance wavelengths resonance wavelength resonant characteristics resonant characteristic resonant circuits resonant circuit resonant couplings resonant coupling resonant emissions resonant emission resonant enhancements resonant enhancements resonant frequencies resonant frequency resonant inelastic x-ray scattering resonant inelastic x ray scattering resonant micro cantilevers resonant micro cantilever resonant motions resonant motion resonant peaks resonant peak resonant process resonant process resonant scatterers resonant scatterers resonant sensors resonant sensor resonant structures resonant structure resonant surfaces resonant surface resonant transmissions resonant transmission resonant tunneling devices resonant tunneling device resonant tunneling diodes resonant tunneling diode resonant tunnelling resonant tunneling resonant wavelengths resonant wavelength resonator resonators resonator materials resonator material resonator sensors resonator sensor resonator structures resonator structure resonators resonators resorcinol formaldehydes resorcinol formaldehyde resorcinol-formaldehyde resorcinol formaldehyde resorcinols resorcinol respiratory mechanics respiratory mechanics response current s response current s response functions response function response mechanisms response mechanism response properties response property responsive behaviors responsive behavior rest mass rest mass restoration process restoration process restoring forces restoring force restricted geometries restricted geometry restriction endonucleases restriction endonuclease restriction enzymes restriction enzyme resulting materials resulting material retaining walls retaining walls retention characteristics retention characteristic retention properties retention property reticuloendothelial systems reticuloendothelial system retrieval methods retrieval method return loss return loss reusable adsorbents reusable adsorbent reusable catalysts reusable catalyst reverse bias reverse bias reverse currents reverse current reverse effects reverse effect reverse microemulsions reverse microemulsion reverse osmosis reverse osmosis reverse process reverse process reverse reactions reverse reaction reversed-phase chromatography reversed phase chromatography reverse-saturation currents reverse saturation current reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (raft) reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (raft) polymerization reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (raft) polymerization reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization reversible addition-fragmentation transfers reversible addition fragmentation transfer reversible capacities reversible capacity reversible hydrogen electrodes reversible hydrogen electrode reversible interactions reversible interaction reversible phase transformations reversible phase transformation reversible process reversible process reversible redox reactions reversible redox reaction reversible redox waves reversible redox wave reversible self assemblies reversible self assembly reversible switch reversible switching reversible switches reversible switching reversible transitions reversible transition reviews review rf applications rf application rf devices rf device rf electronics rf electronic rf fields rf field rf integrated circuits rf integrated circuit rf mems rf mems rf transistors rf transistor rf-circuits rf circuit rf-id tags rf id tag rf-magnetron sputtering rf magnetron sputtering rf-mems rf mems rf-nems rf nems rf-pecvd rf pecvd rf-power rf power rhenium compounds rhenium compound rheological analysis rheological analysis rheological behaviors rheological behavior rheological behaviour rheological behavior rheological characteristics rheological characteristic rheological measurements rheological measurement rheological properties rheological property rheological studies rheological study rhodamine-b rhodamine b rhodamines rhodamine rhodium compounds rhodium compound rhodium nanoparticles rhodium nanoparticle rhombohedral structures rhombohedral structure ribbon lengths ribbon length ribbon structures ribbon structure rice seedlings rice seedlings rich conditions rich condition ridge structures ridge structure ridge waveguides ridge waveguide rietveld analysis rietveld analysis rigid and flexible substrates rigid and flexible substrate rigid foamed plastics rigid foamed plastics rigid planes rigid plane rigid polyurethane foams rigid polyurethane foams rigid structures rigid structure rigid substrates rigid substrate rigid-band model rigid band model rigorous coupled wave analysis rigorous coupled wave analysis ring cavities ring cavity ring closure reactions ring closure reaction ring currents ring current ring electrodes ring electrode ring fiber lasers ring fiber laser ring gages ring gage ring lasers ring laser ring statistics ring statistic ring structures ring structure ring-on-ring test ring on ring test ring-opening polymerization ring opening polymerization ripples ripple rippling ripple risetimes risetime rising temperatures rising temperature ritz methods ritz method river rivers river water samples river water sample rivers rivers rixs rixs rkky interactions rkky interaction rms roughness rms roughness rna analysis rna analysis road map roadmap road-maps roadmap roads and streets roads and streets robotics robotics robots robot robust approaches robust approach robust materials robust material robust mechanisms robust mechanism robust methods robust method robustness robustness rocking curves rocking curve rod-like morphology rod like morphology rod-like particles rod like particle rod-like structures rod like structure rod-shaped rod shaped roll to roll process roll to roll process roll to roll processes roll to roll process roll to roll processing roll to roll process rolling circle amplifications rolling circle amplification rolling process rolling process roll-to-roll roll to roll roll-to-roll process roll to roll process roll-to-roll processes roll to roll process roll-to-roll processing roll to roll process roofs roofs room temperature ionic liquids room temperature ionic liquid room temperature process room temperature process room temperature synthesis room temperature synthesis room temperatures room temperature room-temperature room temperature room-temperature (rt) room temperature room-temperature conditions room temperature condition room-temperature conductivity room temperature conductivity room-temperature ferromagnetism room temperature ferromagnetism room-temperature ionic liquids room temperature ionic liquid room-temperature operation room temperature operation room-temperature photoluminescence room temperature photoluminescence room-temperature process room temperature process root mean square roughness root mean square roughness ros ros rosaniline dyes rosaniline dyes rotating disk electrode (rde) rotating disk electrode rotating disk electrodes rotating disk electrode rotating disks rotating disks rotating impellers rotating impellers rotating magnetic fields rotating magnetic field rotating ring-disk electrode rotating ring disk electrode rotating ring-disk electrode techniques rotating ring disk electrode technique rotating wave approximations rotating wave approximation rotating-disk electrode rotating disk electrode rotation angles rotation angle rotation axis rotation axis rotation directions rotation direction rotational domains rotational domains rotational symmetries rotational symmetry rotavirus rotavirus rotaviruses rotavirus rotaxanes rotaxane rough substrates rough substrate rough surfaces rough surface roughness roughness roughness parameters roughness parameter routers routers routine analysis routine analysis rr-p3ht rr p3ht ru complexes ru complex ru nanoparticles ru nanoparticle ru thin films ru thin film ru(bpy)3 2+ ru(bpy)32+ rubber applications rubber application rubber films rubber film rubber nanocomposites rubber nanocomposite rubber substrates rubber substrate rubbers rubber rubbery plateaus rubbery plateaus rubbing surfaces rubbing surface rubidium compounds rubidium compound rubrenes rubrene ruderman-kittel-kasuya-yosida ruderman kittel kasuya yosida runge kutta methods runge kutta method running-in running in ruo 2 ruo2 ruthenium alloys ruthenium alloy ruthenium chlorides ruthenium chloride ruthenium complexes ruthenium complex ruthenium compounds ruthenium compound ruthenium nanoparticles ruthenium nanoparticle ruthenium polypyridyl complexes ruthenium polypyridyl complex rutherford back-scattering rutherford back scattering rydberg states rydberg state s adsorptions s adsorption s. aureus s. aureus sacrificial agents sacrificial agent sacrificial bonds sacrificial bond sacrificial electron donors sacrificial electron donor sacrificial templates sacrificial template safe basins safe basin sailing vessels sailing vessel salient features salient feature saline solutions saline solution salmonella typhi salmonella typhimurium salt salts salt electrolytes salt electrolyte salt ions salt ion salt rejections salt rejection salt-assisted salt assisted salting out effects salting out effect salts salts sample analysis sample analysis sample bias sample bias sample geometries sample geometry sample preparation methods sample preparation method sample preparation techniques sample preparation technique sample sizes sample size sample thickness sample thickness sams sams sand column experiments sand column experiment sandia national laboratories sandia national laboratory sandwich complexes sandwich complex sandwich composites sandwich composite sandwich films sandwich film sandwich structures sandwich structure sandwich types sandwich type sandwich-like sandwich like sandwich-like nanostructure sandwich like nanostructure sandwich-like nanostructures sandwich like nanostructure sandwich-like structure sandwich like structure sandwich-type sandwich type sandwich-type immunosensor sandwich type immunosensor sandwich-type immunosensors sandwich type immunosensor saos-2 osteoblasts saos 2 osteoblast sapphire substrates sapphire substrate satellites satellite saturable absorber saturable absorbers saturable absorber mirrors saturable absorber mirrors saturable absorbers saturable absorbers saturated absorptions saturated absorption saturated fatty acids saturated fatty acid saturated hydrocarbons saturated hydrocarbon saturated solutions saturated solution saturated temperatures saturated temperature saturation conditions saturation condition saturation effects saturation effect saturation levels saturation level saturation magnetic moments saturation magnetic moment saturation values saturation value sawtooth oscillations sawtooth oscillation s-band s band scaffold scaffolds scaffold materials scaffold material scaffolds scaffolds scalable methods scalable method scalable synthesis scalable synthesis scale bars scale bars scale effects scale effect scaled devices scaled device scaled-up scaled up scale-up scale up scaling analysis scaling analysis scaling factors scaling factor scaling functions scaling function scaling laws scaling law scaling limits scaling limit scaling properties scaling property scaling relations scaling relation scaling relationships scaling relationhips scaling rules scaling rule scaling-up scaling up scan rates scan rate scandium compounds scandium compound scanning and transmission electron microscopes scanning and transmission electron microscopy scanning auger electron spectroscopies scanning auger electron spectroscopy scanning capacitance microscopy (scm) scanning capacitance microscopy scanning electrochemical cell microscopies scanning electrochemical cell microscopy scanning electrochemical microscopy (secm) scanning electrochemical microscopy scanning electron micrographs scanning electron micrograph scanning electron microscope scanning electron microscopy scanning electron microscopes scanning electron microscopy scanning electron microscopic scanning electron microscopy scanning electron microscopies (sem) scanning electron microscopy scanning electron microscopy (sem) scanning electron microscopy scanning electronic microscopes scanning electron microscopy scanning electronic microscopy scanning electron microscopy scanning electronic microscopy (sem) scanning electron microscopy scanning electrons scanning electron scanning force microscopes scanning force microscopy scanning hall probes scanning hall probe scanning kelvin probe microscopy (skpm) scanning kelvin probe microscopy scanning kelvin probes scanning kelvin probe scanning near-field optical microscopy scanning near field optical microscopy scanning photocurrent microscopies scanning photocurrent microscopy scanning probe microscope scanning probe microscopy scanning probe microscopes scanning probe microscopy scanning probe microscopy (spm) scanning probe microscopy scanning probe microscopy techniques scanning probe microscopy technique scanning probe techniques scanning probe technique scanning probes scanning probe scanning transmission electron microscope scanning transmission electron microscopy scanning transmission electron microscopes scanning transmission electron microscopy scanning transmission electron microscopy (stem) scanning transmission electron microscopy scanning tunneling microscope scanning tunneling microscopy scanning tunneling microscope (stm) scanning tunneling microscopy scanning tunneling microscopes scanning tunneling microscopy scanning tunneling microscopy (stm) scanning tunneling microscopy scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy scanning tunneling spectroscopies scanning tunneling spectroscopy scanning tunneling spectroscopy (sts) scanning tunneling spectroscopy scanning tunnelling microscope scanning tunneling microscopy scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy scanning tunnelling spectroscopy scanning tunneling spectroscopy scanning-probe microscopy scanning probe microscopy scattered electrons scattered electron scattered photons scattered photons scattered radiations scattered radiation scattering amplitudes scattering amplitude scattering analysis scattering analysis scattering angles scattering angle scattering cancellations scattering cancellation scattering centers scattering center scattering channels scattering channel scattering char-acteristics scattering characteristic scattering effects scattering effect scattering factors scattering factor scattering geometries scattering geometry scattering loss scattering loss scattering matrices scattering matrix scattering measurements scattering measurement scattering mechanisms scattering mechanism scattering parameters scattering parameter scattering potentials scattering potential scattering problems scattering problem scattering process scattering process scattering rates scattering rate scattering regions scattering region scattering signals scattering signal scattering techniques scattering technique scattering wave vectors scattering wave vectors scavengers for holes and radicals scavengers for holes and radical scavenging scavenger sc-co2 sc co sc-co2 sc co2 schematic diagrams schematic diagram schiff base complexes schiff base complex schiff base metal complexes schiff base metal complex schiff base metals schiff base metal schiff-base schiff base schlieren textures schlieren texture schottky barrier (sb) schottky barrier schottky barrier diodes schottky barrier diode schottky barrier diodes (sbds) schottky barrier diode schottky barrier heights schottky barrier height schottky barrier inhomogeneities schottky barrier inhomogeneity schottky barrier transistors schottky barrier transistor schottky barriers schottky barrier schottky behaviors schottky behavior schottky characteristics schottky characteristic schottky contacts schottky contact schottky devices schottky device schottky diodes schottky diode schottky electrodes schottky electrode schottky junctions schottky junction schottky photodetectors schottky photodetectors schottky rectifiers schottky rectifiers schottky solar cells schottky solar cells schottky-barrier heights schottky barrier height schrdinger equation schrodinger equation schrdinger equations schrodinger equation schulze-hardy rule schulze hardy rule scientific applications scientific application scientific fields scientific field scientific issues scientific issue scientific progress scientific progress scientific researches scientific researche scientific studies scientific study scientists and engineers scientists and engineers scientometrics scientometrics scratch hardness scratch hardness screen printed carbon electrode (spces) screen printed carbon electrode screen printed electrodes screen printed electrode screen printing methods screen printing method screened coulomb potentials screened coulomb potential screening devices screening device screening effects screening effect screening functions screening function screening lengths screening length screen-printed screen printed screen-printed carbon electrode screen printed carbon electrode screen-printed carbon electrodes screen printed carbon electrode screen-printed electrode screen printed electrode screen-printed electrodes screen printed electrode screen-printed graphene electrodes screen printed graphene electrode screen-printing screen printing screenshots screenshots screw dislocations screw dislocation screws screws scrolling process scrolling process sculpting process sculpting process sdbs sdbs s-doped s doped s-doped graphene s doped graphene sds sds sealing process sealing process search algorithms search algorithm search engines search engine seawater effects seawater effect second harmonics second harmonics second hyperpolarizabilities second hyperpolarizability second order kinetics second order kinetic second orders second order secondary amines secondary amine secondary and tertiary structures secondary and tertiary structure secondary antibodies secondary antibody secondary batteries secondary battery secondary electron emissions secondary electron emission secondary electrons secondary electron secondary interactions secondary interaction secondary lithium ion batteries secondary lithium ion battery secondary metabolites secondary metabolite secondary particles secondary particle secondary structures secondary structure second-harmonic generation second harmonic generation second-nearest-neighbor second nearest neighbor second-order equation second order equation second-order models second order model second-order nonlinear optical second order nonlinear optical second-order nonlinearity second order nonlinearity second-order rates second order rate secular equations secular equation sedimentation coefficients sedimentation coefficient sediments sediment seeding layers seeding layer segment lengths segment length segmented polyurethanes segmented polyurethane segregated structures segregated structure segregation process segregation process seismic waves seismic wave selected area electron diffraction analysis selected area electron diffraction analysis selected examples selected example selected-area electron diffraction selected area electron diffraction selected-area electron diffraction measurements selected area electron diffraction measurement selection rules selection rule selective areas selective area selective chemical reactions selective chemical reaction selective electrodes selective electrode selective excitations selective excitation selective filters selective filter selective gas sensors selective gas sensor selective inhibitors selective inhibitors selective localizations selective localization selective properties selective property selective reactions selective reaction selective receptors selective receptors selective sensors selective sensor selective synthesis selective synthesis selective transmissions selective transmission selectively etchings selectively etchings selenides selenide selenium compounds selenium compound selenium nanoparticles selenium nanoparticle self aggregate self aggregation self aligned contacts self aligned contact self aligned process self aligned process self alignment process self alignment process self assemble self assembled self assembled films self assembled film self assembled monolayers self assembled monolayer self assembled multilayers self assembled multilayer self assembled nanostructures self assembled nanostructure self assembled peptides self assembled peptide self assembled structures self assembled structure self- assemblies self assembly self assembling process self assembling process self assembly monolayers self assembly monolayer self assembly process self assembly process self assembly routes self assembly route self assembly synthesis self assembly synthesis self consistent analysis self consistent analysis self consistent charges self consistent charge self doped self doping self doped polyanilines self doped polyaniline self limited growth self limiting growth self limiting process self limiting process self lubricating composites self lubricating composite self organization process self organization process self organizations self organization self organizing self organized self standing self standings self standings self standings self-aggregates self aggregation self-align self align self-aligned self aligned self-aligned devices self aligned device self-aligned fabrication self aligned fabrication self-aligned fabrications self aligned fabrication self-aligned gate self aligned gate self-alignment self alignment self-alignment process self alignment process self-assemble self assembled self-assembled self assembled self-assembled film self assembled film self-assembled growth self assembled growth self-assembled layers self assembled layer self-assembled monolayer self assembled monolayer self-assembled monolayer (sam) self assembled monolayer self-assembled monolayers self assembled monolayer self-assembled monolayers (sams) self assembled monolayer self-assembled multilayer films self assembled multilayer film self-assembled multilayers self assembled multilayer self-assembled peptides self assembled peptide self-assembled silica self assembled silica self-assembled superlattices self assembled superlattice self-assembled template self assembled template self-assembling self assembling self-assembling process self assembling process self-assembly self assembly self-assembly behaviors self assembly behavior self-assembly fabrication self assembly fabrication self-assembly method self assembly method self-assembly methodology self assembly methodology self-assembly morphology self assembly morphology self-assembly principles self assembly principle self-assembly structure self assembly structure self-assembly synthesis self assembly synthesis self-assembly technique self assembly technique self-catalytic self catalytic self-catalyzed self catalyzed self-catalyzed growth self catalyzed growth self-cleaning self cleaning self-cleaning coatings self cleaning coating self-consistent analysis self consistent analysis self-consistent approach self consistent approach self-consistent born approximation self consistent born approximation self-consistent calculation self consistent calculation self-consistent charges self consistent charge self-consistent description self consistent description self-consistent field self consistent field self-consistent field approach p-p-p model hamiltonian self consistent field approach p p p model hamiltonian self-consistent method self consistent method self-consistent model self consistent model self-consistent scheme self consistent scheme self-consistent simulations self consistent simulation self-consistent solution self consistent solution self-defocusing self defocusing self-diffusion self diffusion self-diffusion coefficients self diffusion coefficient self-diffusion of water self diffusion of water self-diffusivity self diffusivity self-discharges self discharge self-doped self doping self-doped polyanilines self doped polyaniline self-doping self doping self-energy self energy self-energy corrections self energy correction self-focusing self focusing self-folding self folding self-healing self healing self-healing abilities self healing ability self-healing capabilities self healing capability self-healing materials self healing material self-healing properties self healing property self-heating self heating self-heating effect self heating effect self-humidifying self humidifying self-induced self induced self-induced transparency self induced transparency self-interaction corrections self interaction correction self-limited self limited self-limited growth self limiting growth self-limiting growths self limiting growth self-limiting process self limiting process self-lubricated wear self lubricated wear self-lubricating self lubricating self-lubricating composites self lubricating composite self-lubrication self lubrication self-lubrication friction self lubrication friction self-ordering self ordering self-organization self organization self-organization process self organization process self-organizations self organization self-organized self organized self-passivating self passivating self-polymerization self polymerization self-powered self powered self-powered applications self powered application self-propagating self propagating self-propagating reaction self propagating reaction self-propelled motors self propelled motor self-repair self repair self-scrolling self scrolling self-sensing self sensing self-signal self signal self-similar self similar self-similar patterns self similar pattern self-similarities self similarity self-standing self standings self-starting self starting self-switching diodes self switching diode sem analysis sem analysis sem images sem image sem micrographs sem micrograph semi conducting iii-v materials semi conducting iii v material semi conducting nanotubes semi conducting nanotubes semi metals semi metal semi-analytical semi analytical semi-analytical methods semi analytical method semi-analytical model semi analytical model semiclassical analysis semiclassical analysis semiclassical approaches semiclassical approach semi-classical approximation semi classical approximation semiclassical methods semiclassical method semiclassical theories semiclassical theory semiconducting aluminum compounds semiconducting aluminum compound semiconducting bands semiconducting band semiconducting behaviors semiconducting behavior semiconducting cadmium compounds semiconducting cadmium compound semiconducting carbon nanotubes semiconducting carbon nanotubes semiconducting electrodes semiconducting electrode semiconducting films semiconducting film semiconducting gallium compounds semiconducting gallium compound semiconducting indium compounds semiconducting indium compound semiconducting lead compounds semiconducting lead compound semiconducting materials semiconducting material semiconducting molecules semiconducting molecule semi-conducting nanoparticles semi conducting nanoparticle semi-conducting nanotubes semi conducting nanotube semiconducting nanowires semiconducting nanowire semiconducting organic compounds semiconducting organic compound semiconducting polymers semiconducting polymer semi-conducting property semi conducting property semiconducting quantum dots semiconducting quantum dots semiconducting selenium compounds semiconducting selenium compound semiconducting silicon compounds semiconducting silicon compound semiconducting structures semiconducting structure semiconducting substrates semiconducting substrate semiconducting surfaces semiconducting surface semiconducting swcnts semiconducting swcnts semiconducting systems semiconducting system semiconducting thin films semiconducting thin film semiconducting tmds semiconducting tmds semiconducting tubes semiconducting tube semiconducting zinc compounds semiconducting zinc compound semiconducting-swcnts semiconducting swcnt semiconductor applications semiconductor application semiconductor catalysts semiconductor catalyst semiconductor channels semiconductor channel semiconductor components semiconductor component semiconductor contacts semiconductor contact semiconductor device models semiconductor device model semiconductor device structures semiconductor device structure semiconductor devices semiconductor device semiconductor diodes semiconductor diode semiconductor electronics semiconductor electronic semiconductor fabrication process semiconductor fabrication process semiconductor field-effect transistors semiconductor field effect transistor semiconductor films semiconductor film semiconductor heterojunctions semiconductor heterojunction semiconductor heterostructures semiconductor heterostructure semiconductor insulator boundaries semiconductor insulator boundary semiconductor interfaces semiconductor interface semiconductor junctions semiconductor junction semiconductor lasers semiconductor laser semiconductor layers semiconductor layer semiconductor manufacturing process semiconductor manufacturing process semiconductor materials semiconductor material semiconductor metal boundaries semiconductor metal boundary semiconductor metal oxides semiconductor metal oxide semiconductor metals semiconductor metal semiconductor microcavities semiconductor microcavity semiconductor molecules semiconductor molecule semiconductor nanocrystals semiconductor nanocrystal semiconductor nanomaterials semiconductor nanomaterial semiconductor nanoparticles semiconductor nanoparticle semiconductor nanostructures semiconductor nanostructure semiconductor nanowires semiconductor nanowire semiconductor oxides semiconductor oxide semiconductor photocatalysis semiconductor photocatalysis semiconductor physics semiconductor physics semiconductor process semiconductor process semiconductor products semiconductor product semiconductor properties semiconductor property semiconductor quantum dots semiconductor quantum dots semiconductor quantum wells semiconductor quantum wells semiconductor quantum wires semiconductor quantum wire semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors semiconductor superlattices semiconductor superlattice semi-conductor surfaces semi conductor surface semiconductor switches semiconductor switch semiconductor systems semiconductor system semiconductor thin films semiconductor thin film semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces semiconductor/electrolyte interface semiconductor-metal transition semiconductor metal transition semiconductors semiconductor semi-conductors semi conductor semiconductor-to-metal transitions semiconductor to metal transition semiconductor-type semiconductor type semi-crystalline polymer semi crystalline polymer semicrystallines semicrystalline semi-empirical semi empirical semi-empirical approach semi empirical approach semi-empirical calculation semi empirical calculation semi-empirical methods semi empirical method semi-empirical modeling semi empirical modeling semiempirical models semiempirical model semi-empirical techniques semi empirical technique semi-infinite semi infinite semi-infinite electrode semi infinite electrode semi-insulating semi insulating semi-insulating substrate semi insulating substrate semi-interpenetrating polymer networks semi interpenetrating polymer network semi-inverse method semi inverse method semilocal functionals semilocal functionals semi-metal semi metal semi-metals semi metal semi-permeable membranes semi permeable membrane semi-quantitative semi quantitative semi-solid processing semi solid processing semi-transparent semi transparent semi-transparent electrodes semi transparent electrode semitransparent films semitransparent film sensing abilities sensing ability sensing applications sensing application sensing areas sensing area sensing channels sensing channel sensing characteristics sensing characteristic sensing devices sensing device sensing elements sensing element sensing films sensing film sensing layers sensing layer sensing materials sensing material sensing modalities sensing modality sensing platforms sensing platform sensing properties sensing property sensing ranges sensing range sensing signals sensing signal sensing systems sensing system sensitive analysis sensitive analysis sensitive mass sensitive mass sensitive materials sensitive material sensitive properties sensitive property sensitive sensors sensitive sensor sensitive signals sensitive signal sensitive techniques sensitive technique sensitivity analysis sensitivity analysis sensitivity enhancement sensitivity enhancements sensitivity enhancements sensitivity enhancements sensitivity improvements sensitivity improvements sensitivity parameters sensitivity parameter sensitized solar cell sensitized solar cells sensitized solar cells sensitized solar cells sensor applications sensor application sensor arrays sensor array sensor characteristics sensor characteristic sensor designs sensor design sensor displays sensor displays sensor elements sensor element sensor materials sensor material sensor networks sensor network sensor nodes sensor node sensor properties sensor property sensor signals sensor signal sensor structures sensor structure sensor surfaces sensor surface sensor systems sensor system sensor technologies sensor technology sensors sensor sensors and actuators sensor and actuator sensors/biosensors sensor/biosensor separated solids separated solid separation behaviors separation behavior separation distances separation distance separation factors separation factor separation membranes separation membrane separation methods separation method separation process separation process separation techniques separation technique separation technologies separation technology separator separators separators separators sequence analysis sequence analysis sequential injection analysis sequential injection analysis sequential injection lab-on-valve sequential injection lab on valve sequential process sequential process sequential processing sequential process sequential treatments sequential treatment series connections series connection series resistances series resistance serpins serpins sers sers sers detections sers detection sers effects sers effect sers enhancement factors sers enhancement factor sers-active substrates sers active substrate serum proteins serum protein serum samples serum sample servers servers set ups set ups set-lrp set lrp set-ups set ups seven-membered rings seven membered ring severe plastic deformations severe plastic deformation sexithiophenes sexithiophene shape controlled synthesis shape controlled synthesis shape memory composites shape memory composite shape memory polymers shape memory polymer shape recovery rate shape recovery ratio shape recovery ratios shape recovery ratio shape transitions shape transition shape-controlled shape controlled shaped structures shaped structure shape-memory polymer shape memory polymer shape-memory properties shape memory property shapes shape shape-stabilized shape stabilized shapiro steps shapiro step sharp contrasts sharp contrast sharp edges sharp edge shear correction factors shear correction factor shear deformation plate theories shear deformation plate theory shear load shear loadings shear loadings shear loadings shear loads shear loadings shear modes shear mode shear modulus shear modulus shear properties shear property shear resistances shear resistance shear stress shear stress shear waves shear wave shear-lag shear lag shear-lag model shear lag model shear-thinning behavior shear thinning behavior sheet carrier densities sheet carrier density sheet resistance measurements sheet resistance measurement sheet-like sheet like sheet-like structure sheet like structure shell materials shell material shell models shell model shell nanostructures shell nanostructure shell thickness shell thickness shell-like structures shell like structure shewanella oneidensis shewanella oneidensis shewanella oneidensis mr-1 shewanella oneidensis mr 1 shg signals shg signal shielding applications shielding application shielding effectiveness shielding effectiveness shielding materials shielding material shielding properties shielding property shields shields shift-and shift and shock absorbers shock absorbers shock compressions shock compression shock waves shock wave shockley-read-hall shockley read hall short carbon nanotubes short carbon nanotubes short chain alcohols short chain alcohol short channel effects short channel effect short channels short channel short circuit currents short circuit current short diffusion lengths short diffusion length short distances short distance short durations short duration short periods short periods short pulses short pulse short range interactions short range interaction short range ordering short range ordered short range orders short range order short range potentials short range potential short wavelengths short wavelength short-channel devices short channel device short-channel effect short channel effect short-channel effects short channel effect short-channel effects (sces) short channel effect short-circuit photocurrent short circuit photocurrent short-circuit photocurrent densities short circuit photocurrent density shorter wavelength short wavelength short-pulse short pulse short-pulse lasers short pulse laser short-range communication short range communication short-range ordered short range ordered short-range scattering short range scattering shot-noise shot noise sh-sy5y sh sy5y shubnikov de haas shubnikov de haas shubnikov de-haas oscillation shubnikov de haas oscillation shubnikov-de haas shubnikov de haas shubnikov-de haas effect shubnikov de haas effect shubnikov-de haas oscillation shubnikov de haas oscillation shubnikov-de haas oscillations shubnikov de haas oscillation shuffle dislocations shuffle dislocation shungites shungite si (001) substrate si(001) substrate si (1 1 1) si(111) si (100) substrate si(100) substrate si atoms si atom si clusters si cluster si cmos si cmos si dangling bonds si dangling bond si faces si face si nanocrystals si nanocrystal si nanoparticles si nanoparticle si nanosheets si nanosheet si nanostructures si nanostructure si nanowires si nanowire si photonics si photonics si solar cells si solar cell si substrates si substrate si surfaces si surface si(0 0 1) si(001) si(1 0 0) si(100) si(2 1 1) substrate si(211) substrate si-based si based si-based devices si based device si-c bond si c bond sic buffer layers sic buffer layer sic ceramics sic ceramics sic devices sic device sic epilayers sic epilayer sic films sic film sic materials sic material sic nanoparticles sic nanoparticle sic polytypes sic polytype sic substrates sic substrate sic thin films sic thin film sic(0 0 0 1) sic(0001) side branches side branch side by sides side by side side chains side chain side reactions side reaction side walls side walls side-chains side chain side-polished fiber side polished fiber si-doped graphene si doped graphene si-doping si doping sieves sieve si-face si face si-face sic si face sic sigma-aldrich sigma aldrich sigmatropic rearrangements sigmatropic rearrangements signal amplifications signal amplification signal amplifiers signal amplifier signal changes signal change signal frequencies signal frequency signal generators signal generator signal integrity analysis signal integrity analysis signal intensities signal intensity signal processing applications signal processing application signal processing devices signal processing device signal processing, computer-assisted signal processing, computer assisted signal receivers signal receivers signal to noise (s/n) ratios signal to noise (s/n) ratio signal transducers signal transducer signaling pathways signaling pathways signal-noise ratio signal noise ratio signal-on signal on signal-to-background ratio signal to background ratio signal-to-noise ratio signal to noise ratio signaltonoise ratio (snr) signaltonoise ratio sign-change sign change significant differences significant difference significant impacts significant impacts significant surfaces significant surface silanes silane silanizations silanization silanol groups silanol group silanols silanols silica aerogels silica aerogel silica composites silica composite silica fibers silica fiber silica layers silica layer silica nanocomposites silica nanocomposite silica nanoparticles silica nanoparticle silica nano-sheets silica nano sheet silica nanospheres silica nanosphere silica networks silica network silica particles silica particle silica templates silica template silicate layers silicate layer silicate minerals silicate minerals silicates silicate silicides silicide silicon alkoxides silicon alkoxide silicon alloys silicon alloy silicon atoms silicon atom silicon batteries silicon battery silicon carbide (sic) silicon carbide silicon carbide crystals silicon carbide crystal silicon carbide nanowires silicon carbide nanowire silicon carbide substrates silicon carbide substrate silicon carbide wafers silicon carbide wafer silicon carbides silicon carbide silicon carbides (sic) silicon carbide silicon carbo-nitride silicon carbo nitride silicon clusters silicon cluster silicon cmos silicon cmos silicon compounds silicon compound silicon detectors silicon detectors silicon devices silicon device silicon dioxide layers silicon dioxide layer silicon dioxides silicon dioxide silicon electronics silicon electronic silicon films silicon film silicon gratings silicongrating silicon heterojunctions silicon heterojunction silicon integrated circuits silicon integrated circuit silicon membranes silicon membrane silicon microelectronics silicon microelectronic silicon microring resonator silicon microring resonators silicon microring resonators silicon microring resonators silicon nano structures silicon nano structure silicon nanocomposites silicon nanocomposite silicon nanocrystals silicon nanocrystal silicon nanoparticles silicon nanoparticle silicon nanostructures silicon nanostructure silicon nanowire arrays silicon nanowire array silicon nanowire field-effect transistors silicon nanowire field effect transistor silicon nanowires silicon nanowire silicon nitride (sin) silicon nitride silicon nitride balls silicon nitride balls silicon nitride ceramics silicon nitride ceramics silicon nitride grains silicon nitride grains silicon nitride thin films silicon nitride thin film silicon nitride waveguides silicon nitride waveguide silicon on insulators (soi) silicon on insulators silicon on glass process silicon on glass process silicon oxide layers silicon oxide layer silicon oxide substrates silicon oxide substrate silicon oxide surfaces silicon oxide surface silicon oxides silicon oxide silicon oxycarbides silicon oxycarbide silicon photonic crystals silicon photonic crystal silicon photonic devices silicon photonic device silicon photonic integrated circuits silicon photonic integrated circuit silicon photonics silicon photonics silicon platforms silicon platform silicon quantum dots silicon quantum dots silicon resonators silicon resonators silicon solar cells silicon solar cells silicon structures silicon structure silicon substrates silicon substrate silicon surfaces silicon surface silicon technologies silicon technology silicon transistors silicon transistor silicon wafers silicon wafer silicon wire waveguides silicon wire waveguide silicon-based silicon based silicon-based devices silicon based device silicon-based electronics silicon based electronic silicon-based technology silicon based technology silicondioxide substrates silicondioxide substrate silicone acrylates silicone acrylate silicone elastomers silicone elastomers silicone rubber nanocomposites silicone rubber nanocomposite silicones silicone silicon-graphene composite silicon graphene composite silicon-on- insulators (soi) silicon on insulator silicon-on-glass process silicon on glass process silicon-on-insulator silicon on insulator silicon-on-insulator substrates silicon on insulator substrate silicon-on-insulators silicon on insulator silk proteins silk protein silsesquioxanes silsesquioxane silver alloys silver alloy silver compounds silver compound silver contacts silver contact silver dendrites silver dendrite silver halides silver halide silver ions silver ion silver nanoclusters silver nanocluster silver nanocomposites silver nanocomposite silver nanocrystals silver nanocrystal silver nanoparticles silver nanoparticle silver nanoparticles (agnps) silver nanoparticle silver nanoplates silver nanoplate silver nanoprisms silver nanoprisms silver nanostructures silver nanostructure silver nanowires silver nanowire silver nitrate solutions silver nitrate solution silver nitrates silver nitrate silver oxides silver oxide silver particles silver particle silver pastes silver paste silver salts silver salt silver wires silver wire silver-coated graphene oxide silver coated graphene oxide silver-graphene oxide silver graphene oxide silver-nanoparticles silver nanoparticle silylations silylation similar analysis similar analysis similarities and differences similarity and difference simple circuits simple circuit simple geometries simple geometry simple liquids simple liquid simple metals simple metal simple methods simple method simple models simple model simple modifications simple modification simple rules simple rule simple structures simple structure simple treatments simple treatment simplified expressions simplified expression simplified models simplified model simplifying assumptions simplifying assumption simulated annealing techniques simulated annealing technique simulated body fluids simulated body fluid simulated images simulated image simulated results simulated result simulation analysis simulation analysis simulation and analysis simulation and analysis simulation boxes simulation box simulation methods simulation method simulation packages simulation package simulation procedures simulation procedure simulation process simulation process simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis simulation results simulation result simulation studies simulation study simulations simulation simulators simulators simultaneous analysis simultaneous analysis simultaneous determinations simultaneous determination simultaneous extractions simultaneous extraction simultaneous synthesis simultaneous synthesis simultaneous thermal analysis simultaneous thermal analysis sine functions sine function sine-gordon equation sine gordon equation single and multi walled carbon nanotubes single and multi walled carbon nanotubes single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes single and multi walled carbon nanotube single atoms single atom single cell analysis single cell analysis single cells single cell single chains single chain single channels single channel single chips single chips single collision events single collision event single components single component single crystal metals single crystal metal single crystal sapphires single crystal sapphire single crystal si single crystal si single crystal substrates single crystal substrate single crystal surfaces single crystal surface single crystal x-ray structures single crystal x ray structure single crystalline nanowires single crystalline nanowire single crystalline substrates single crystalline substrate single crystals single crystal single dna molecules single dna molecule single domains single domains single electrodes single electrode single electron transistors single electron transistor single grains single grains single lap joints single lap joint single layer devices single layer device single layer films single layer film single layer grapheme single layer graphene single layers single layer single macromolecules single macromolecule single metal atoms single metal atom single mode fibers single mode fiber single molecules single molecule single nanotubes single nanotubes single nucleotide polymorphisms single nucleotide polymorphisms single nucleotides single nucleotide single orientations single orientation single particle excitations single particle excitation single photon emission computed tomography single photon emission computer tomography single photons single photons single precursors single precursor single process single process single reaction steps single reaction step single sites single site single species single specy single step process single step process single step synthesis single step synthesis single strand dna single stranded dna single strand dna (ss dna) single stranded dna single strand dna (ss-dna) single stranded dna single stranded (ss) dna single stranded dna single stranded dna (ss dna) single stranded dna single stranded nucleic acids single stranded nucleic acid single vacancies single vacancy single vacancy defects single vacancy defect single wall carbon nanotubes single wall carbon nanotube single wall nanotubes single wall nanotubes single walled single wall single walled carbon single wall carbon single walled carbon nanohorn single wall carbon nanohorn single walled carbon nanotube single wall carbon nanotube single walled carbon nanotube network single wall carbon nanotube network single walled carbon nanotubes single wall carbon nanotube single walled nanotube single wall nanotube single walled nanotube (swnts) single wall nanotube single walled nanotubes single wall nanotube single-base mismatch single base mismatch single-carbon atoms single carbon atom single-cell analysis single cell analysis single-cell level single cell level single-crystal single crystal single-crystal graphene single crystal graphene single-crystal si single crystal si single-crystal substrates single crystal substrate single-crystalline single crystalline single-crystalline 3c-sic single crystalline 3c sic single-crystalline domains single crystalline domain single-crystalline structures single crystalline structure single-electron charging single electron charging single-electron devices single electron device single-electron transistor single electron transistor single-electron transistors single electron transistor single-electron transport single electron transport single-exponential function single exponential function single-factor experiments single factor experiment single-frequency single frequency single-gate devices single gate device single-lap joints single lap joint single-layer single layer single-layer films single layer film single-layer grapheme single layer graphene single-layer graphene single layer graphene single-layer graphene (slg) single layer graphene single-layer graphene nanoplatelet single layer graphene nanoplatelet single-layer graphene oxide single layer graphene oxide single-layer graphene sheet single layer graphene sheet single-layer graphene sheets single layer graphene sheet single-layer structure single layer structure single-layered graphene sheet single layered graphene sheet single-layered graphene sheets single layered graphene sheet single-mode optical fiber single mode optical fiber single-molecule single molecule single-molecule detection single molecule detection single-molecule electronics single molecule electronic single-molecule junctions single molecule junction single-molecule magnet single molecule magnet single-molecule magnets single molecule magnet single-molecule transistor single molecule transistor single-nucleotide polymorphism single nucleotide polymorphism single-nucleotide polymorphism detection single nucleotide polymorphism detection single-nucleotide polymorphisms single nucleotide polymorphism single-particle single particle single-particle energy single particle energy single-particle gaps single particle gap single-particle spectral function single particle spectral function single-particle spectroscopies single particle spectroscopy single-particle tunneling single particle tunneling single-phase materials single phase material single-photon absorptions single photon absorption single-photon switches single photon switch single-point energy single point energy single-point measurement single point measurement single-pulse single pulse single-shot single shot single-site catalysts single site catalyst single-source precursor single source precursor single-step single step single-step method single step method single-step process single step process single-step strategies single step strategy single-step synthesis single step synthesis single-stranded (ss) dna single stranded single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid single stranded deoxyribonucleic acid single-stranded dna single stranded dna single-stranded dna (ss-dna) single stranded dna single-stranded dna molecules single stranded dna molecule singlet-triplet singlet triplet single-wall single wall single-wall carbon nanotube single wall carbon nanotube single-wall carbon nanotubes single wall carbon nanotube single-walled single wall single-walled carbon single wall carbon single-walled carbon nanohorn single wall carbon nanohorn single-walled carbon nanohorns single wall carbon nanohorn single-walled carbon nanotube single wall carbon nanotube singlewalled carbon nanotube (swcnt) single wall carbon nanotube single-walled carbon nanotube (swcnts) single wall carbon nanotube single-walled carbon nanotube (swnt) single wall carbon nanotube single-walled carbon nanotube (swnts) single wall carbon nanotube single-walled carbon nanotube networks single wall carbon nanotube network single-walled carbon nanotubes single wall carbon nanotube single-walled carbon nanotubes (swcn) single wall carbon nanotube single-walled carbon nanotubes (swnts) single wall carbon nanotube single-walled nanotube single wall nanotube singly occupied molecular orbitals singly occupied molecular orbital sintered samples sintered sample sintering methods sintering method sintering parameters sintering parameter sintering process sintering process sintering temperatures sintering temperature sinusoidal excitations sinusoidal excitation sinusoidal surfaces sinusoidal surface sio 2 sio2 sio 2 sio2 sio 2 sio2 sio2 nanospheres sio2 nanosphere si-particle si particle siphons siphons si-si bonds si si bond site preferences site preference si-terminated 6h-sic si terminated 6h sic site-specific site specific site-specific interactions site specific interactions situ chemical polymerizations situ chemical polymerization situ co-precipitation situ co precipitation situ hydrolysis situ hydrolysis situ hydrothermal methods situ hydrothermal method situ nanocomposites situ nanocomposite situ polymerisation situ polymerization situ solvothermal synthesis situ solvothermal synthesis situ x-ray diffraction situ x ray diffraction situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy situ x ray photoelectron spectroscopy six-membered rings six membered ring size and size distributions size and size distribution size controlled synthesis size controlled synthesis size dependences size dependence size dependent strengths size dependent strength size effects size effect size exclusives size exclusive size ranges size range size reductions size reduction size-control size control size-controllable size controllable size-dependence size dependence size-dependent size dependent size-dependent effect size dependent effect size-quantized film size quantized film size-selected clusters size selected cluster size-selective size selective sizing agents sizing agent skeletal muscle cells skeletal muscle cells skeletal structures skeletal structure skyrmions skyrmion slab mills slab mills slab waveguides slab waveguide s-layers s layer slenderness ratios slenderness ratio sliding conditions sliding condition sliding contacts sliding contact sliding cycles sliding cycle sliding distances sliding distance sliding interfaces sliding interface sliding modes sliding mode sliding motions sliding motion sliding velocities sliding velocity slight deformations slight deformation slit pores slit pore slit-pore models slit pore model sliver nanoparticles sliver nanoparticle slope efficiencies slope efficiency slot antennas slot antenna slot structures slot structure slow electrons slow electron slow heating rates slow heating rate slow relaxations slow relaxation slow wave structures slow wave structure slow-light devices slow light device slow-wave propagation slow wave propagation sluggish kinetics sluggish kinetic small angle x-ray scattering small angle x ray scattering small channels small channel small clusters small cluster small crystals small crystal small deformations small deformation small devices small device small droplets small droplets small features small feature small footprints small footprints small gaps small gap small gold clusters small gold cluster small grains small grains small hydrocarbons small hydrocarbon small interfering rna (sirna) small interfering rna small molecule analysis small molecule analysis small molecule detections small molecule detection small molecules small molecule small organic molecules small organic molecule small particles small particle small perturbations small perturbation small samples small sample small scale effects small scale effect small strains small strains small systems small system small variations small variation small-angle grain boundaries small angle grain boundary small-angle neutron scattering small angle neutron scattering small-diameter small diameter small-signal model small signal model small-size effects small size effect smart applications smart application smart devices smart device smart materials smart material smart power grids smart power grids smart textiles smart textile smart windows smart windows smartphones smartphone smith-purcell effect smith purcell effect smooth substrates smooth substrate smooth transitions smooth transition smoothing effects smoothing effect sn alloys sn alloy sn nanoparticles sn nanoparticle snap-through snap through snap-through instability snap through instability snap-through transition snap through transition sn-based materials sn based material sno 2 sno2 sno 2 sno2 sno 2 sno2 sno 2 sno2 sno2 nanoparticles sno nanoparticle sno2 nanoparticles sno nanoparticle sno2 nanofibers sno2 nanofiber sno2 nanoparticles sno2 nanoparticle snowflakes snowflake sns sns sns 2 sns2 sns films sns film sns junctions sns junction sns thin films sns thin film soap-free emulsion polymerization soap free emulsion polymerization societies and institutions societies and institution socio-economics socio economic soda lime glass soda lime glass sodium 4-styrenesulfonate sodium 4 styrenesulfonate sodium alanates sodium alanate sodium alginates sodium alginate sodium boro hydrides sodium boro hydride sodium borohydride sodium boro hydride sodium borohydrides sodium boro hydride sodium carboxymethyl cellulose sodium carboxymethylcellulose sodium carboxymethylated cellulose sodium carboxymethylcellulose sodium compounds sodium compound sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) sodium dodecyl sulfate sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions sodium dodecyl sulfate solution sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate sodium ethoxides sodium ethoxide sodium hydrides sodium hydride sodium hydroxide solutions sodium hydroxide solution sodium hydroxides sodium hydroxide sodium hypochlorites sodium hypochlorite sodium ion batteries sodium ion battery sodium ions sodium ion sodium lignosulfonates sodium lignosulfonate sodium nitrates sodium nitrate sodium polystyrene sulfonate (pss) sodium polystyrene sulfonate sodium styrene sulfonates sodium styrene sulfonate sodium-ion batteries sodium ion battery sodium-ion battery sodium ion battery soft chemistry routes soft chemistry route soft drinks soft drink soft magnetics soft magnetics soft materials soft material soft modes soft mode soft nanocomposites soft nanocomposite soft nanomaterials soft nanomaterial soft segments soft segments soft substrates soft substrate soft x-ray soft x ray soft x-ray absorption spectroscopies soft x ray absorption spectroscopy soft-chemical route soft chemical route software packages software package soi waveguides soi waveguide soil analysis soil analysis soil mechanics soil mechanics soil pollutants soil pollutant soil structure interactions soil structure interaction soil surveys soil surveys soils soil soils and sediments soils and sediment soi-mosfet soi mosfets sol gel synthesis sol gel synthesis sol - gel synthesis sol gel synthesis sol gel preparations sol gel preparation sol gel process sol gel process sol gel synthesis sol gel synthesis solar absorbers solar absorbers solar cell solar cells solar cell efficiencies solar cell efficiency solar cell materials solar cell material solar cell structures solar cell structure solar cells solar cells solar collectors solar collectors solar concentrators solar concentrators solar energy materials solar energy material solar fuels solar fuel solar power plants solar power plants solar sails solar sails solar thermal storages solar thermal storage solar-cell applications solar cell application solar-hydrogen generation solar hydrogen generation solar-light-driven solar light driven solder joints solder joint soldered joints soldered joint soldering alloys soldering alloy sol-gel sol gel sol-gel approach sol gel approach sol-gel chemistry sol gel chemistry sol-gel coatings sol gel coating sol-gel growth sol gel growth sol-gel method sol gel method sol-gel methods sol gel method sol-gel polymerization sol gel polymerization sol-gel preparation sol gel preparation sol-gel process sol gel process sol-gel reaction sol gel reaction sol-gel synthesis sol gel synthesis sol-gel technique sol gel technique sol-gel technology sol gel technology sol-gel transitions sol gel transition sol-gels sol gel solid acid catalysts solid acid catalyst solid adsorbents solid adsorbent solid base catalysts solid base catalyst solid carbon sources solid carbon source solid catalysts solid catalyst solid compounds solid compound solid concentrations solid concentration solid contacts solid contact solid electrodes solid electrode solid electrolyte interface films solid electrolyte interface film solid electrolyte interfaces solid electrolyte interface solid electrolyte interphase layer (sei) solid electrolyte interphase layer solid electrolytes solid electrolyte solid epoxies solid epoxy solid films solid film solid lubricant solid lubricants solid lubricant additives solid lubricant additive solid lubricants solid lubricants solid lubrication film thickness solid lubrication film thickness solid lubrication films solid lubrication film solid lubrication mechanisms solid lubrication mechanism solid matrixes solid matrix solid nanoparticles solid nanoparticle solid networks solid network solid oxide fuel cells (sofc) solid oxide fuel cells solid particles solid particle solid phase synthesis solid phase synthesis solid polymer electrolytes solid polymer electrolyte solid precursors solid precursor solid propellants solid propellants solid residues solid residue solid samples solid sample solid solutions solid solution solid sorbents solid sorbent solid sources solid source solid state and materials solid state and material solid state devices solid state device solid state dye sensitized solar cells solid state dye sensitized solar cells solid state electronic solid state electron solid state electronics solid state electron solid state gas sensors solid state gas sensor solid state ionics solid state ionics solid state lasers solid state laser solid state nmr solid state nuclear magnetic resonance solid state physics solid state physics solid state process solid state process solid state reactions solid state reaction solid state solar cells solid state solar cells solid state synthesis solid state synthesis solid state transformations solid state transformation solid substrates solid substrate solid supports solid supports solid surfaces solid surface solid wastes solid waste solid/liquid interfaces solid/liquid interface solid-contact solid contact solidification process solidification process solid-liquid solid liquid solid-liquid interface solid liquid interface solid-liquid interfaces solid liquid interface solid-phase solid phase solid-phase extraction solid phase extraction solid-phase extraction (spe) solid phase extraction solid-phase extraction columns solid phase extraction column solid-phase extraction sorbents solid phase extraction sorbent solid-phase microextraction solid phase microextraction solid-phase microextraction (spme) solid phase microextraction solid-phase microextraction fibers solid phase microextraction fiber solid-phase synthesis solid phase synthesis solids solid solid-source molecular beam epitaxy solid source molecular beam epitaxy solid-state solid state solid-state carbon solid state carbon solid-state carbon diffusion solid state carbon diffusion solid-state decomposition solid state decomposition solid-state diffusion solid state diffusion solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells solid state dye sensitized solar cell solid-state electrolyte solid state electrolyte solid-state electron solid state electron solid-state ion-selective electrode solid state ion selective electrode solid-state laser solid state laser solid-state lasers solid state laser solid-state materials solid state material solid-state nanopore solid state nanopore solid-state nmr spectroscopy solid state nmr spectroscopy solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance solid state nuclear magnetic resonance solid-state phase transition solid state phase transition solid-state process solid state process solid-state reaction solid state reaction solid-state reactions solid state reaction solid-state reduction solid state reduction solid-state sensor solid state sensor solid-state sensors solid state sensor solid-state shear pulverizations solid state shear pulverization solid-state sources solid state sources solid-state structures solid state structure solid-state supercapacitor solid state supercapacitor solid-state supercapacitors solid state supercapacitor solid-state synthesis solid state synthesis solid-state system solid state system solid-state transistors solid state transistor soliton solitons soliton molecules soliton molecule soliton-like soliton like solitons solitons sols sols solubility in waters solubility in water solubility limits solubility limit solubility parameters solubility parameter solubility properties solubility property solution based approaches solution based approach solution based process solution based process solution blends solution blends solution cast methods solution cast method solution conditions solution condition solution methods solution method solution mixing methods solution mixing method solution mixing process solution mixing process solution phase methods solution phase method solution phase synthesis solution phase synthesis solution plasmas solution plasma solution process solution process solution processability solution processable solution processes solution process solution routes solution route solution self-assembly solution self assembly solution synthesis solution synthesis solution techniques solution technique solution treatments solution treatment solution-based solution based solution-based process solution based process solution-cast solution cast solution-cast films solution cast film solution-casting method solution casting method solution-casting technique solution casting technique solution-deposition method solution deposition method solution-exfoliated graphene solution exfoliated graphene solution-phase solution phase solution-phase oxidation solution phase oxidation solution-processable solution processable solution-processed solution processed solution-processing solution processing solutions solution solvation dynamics solvation dynamic solvation forces solvation force solvent cast films solvent cast film solvent conditions solvent condition solvent decompositions solvent decomposition solvent dispersions solvent dispersion solvent effects solvent effect solvent evaporation techniques solvent evaporation technique solvent exchanges solvent exchange solvent exfoliations solvent exfoliation solvent free conditions solvent free condition solvent interactions solvent interaction solvent loss solvent loss solvent mixtures solvent mixture solvent molecules solvent molecule solvent vapors solvent vapor solvent-free solvent free solvents solvent solvent-thermal method solvent thermal method solvothermal conditions solvothermal condition solvothermal methods solvothermal method solvothermal process solvothermal process solvothermal reactions solvothermal reaction solvothermal synthesis solvothermal synthesis solvothermal techniques solvothermal technique solvothermal-assisted exfoliation solvothermal assisted exfoliation sommerfeld integrals sommerfeld integrals sonication techniques sonication technique sonocatalysis sonocatalysis sonochemical fabrications sonochemical fabrication sonochemical facile synthesis sonochemical facile synthesis sonochemical reactions sonochemical reaction sonochemical synthesis sonochemical synthesis sonoelectrochemical methods sonoelectrochemical method sonogashira cross-coupling sonogashira cross coupling sonogashira cross-coupling reaction sonogashira cross coupling reaction sonogashira reactions sonogashira reaction sonolysis sonolysis sonophotocatalysis sonophotocatalysis soot formations soot formation soot particles soot particle soot samples soot sample sorbent materials sorbent material sorbents sorbent sorption and desorptions sorption and desorption sorption behaviors sorption behavior sorption capacities sorption capacity sorption characteristics sorption characteristic sorption experiments sorption experiment sorption isotherms sorption isotherm sorption kinetics sorption kinetic sorption process sorption process sorption processes sorption process sorption properties sorption property sound insulating materials sound insulating material sound transmission loss sound transmission loss sound velocities sound velocity source and drain electrodes source and drain electrode source and drain extensions source and drain extension source and drains source and drains source drain source and drains source drain electrode source and drain electrode source gas source gas source/drain electrode source and drain electrode source/drain electrodes source and drain electrode source/drain junctions source and drain junction source/drain regions source and drain region source/drain series resistances source and drain series resistance source-drain source and drains source-drain contacts source drain contact source-drain current source drain current source-drain electrodes source and drain electrode source-drain voltage source drain voltage source-pull source pull source-to-drain currents source to drain current source-to-drain tunneling source to drain tunneling sp2 clusters sp2 cluster space applications space application space charge effects space charge effect space charge layers space charge layer space charge limited currents space charge limited current space charge regions space charge region space frames space frame space groups space group space plasmas space plasma space-based space based space-charge accumulation space charge accumulation space-charge limited space charge limited space-charge-limited space charge limited space-charge-limited current space charge limited current spacecraft materials spacecraft material spacecraft power supplies spacecraft power supply spacer layer thickness spacer layer thickness spacer thickness spacer thickness s-parameter measurements s parameter measurement s-parameters s parameter spark plasma sintering techniques spark plasma sintering technique spatial analysis spatial analysis spatial and temporal resolutions spatial and temporal resolution spatial arrangements spatial arrangements spatial correlations spatial correlation spatial distributions spatial distribution spatial informations spatial information spatial in-homogeneity spatial in homogeneity spatial modulations spatial modulation spatial orientations spatial orientation spatial pattern spatial patterning spatial patterns spatial patterning spatial positions spatial position spatial profiles spatial profile spatial regions spatial region spatial self-phase modulation spatial self phase modulation spatial solitons spatial solitons spatial variations spatial variation spatially inhomogeneous spatially inhomogeneous special applications special application special functions special function special points special point special properties special property specific adsorption capacities specific adsorption capacity specific areas specific area specific capacitances specific capacitance specific capacities specific capacity specific chemical structures specific chemical structure specific contact resistances specific contact resistance specific defects specific defect specific effects specific effect specific frequencies specific frequency specific functional groups specific functional group specific materials specific material specific modulus specific modulus specific properties specific property specific sequences specific sequence specific sites specific site specific substrates specific substrate specific surface area (ssa) specific surface area specific surface area and porosities specific surface area and porosity specific surfaces specific surface specific values specific value specific wear rates specific wear rate specifications specification specimen thickness specimen thickness spectra analysis spectra analysis spectra measurements spectra measurement spectral analysis spectral analysis spectral assignments spectral assignments spectral behaviors spectral behavior spectral characteristics spectral characteristic spectral dependences spectral dependence spectral differences spectral difference spectral features spectral feature spectral functions spectral function spectral parameters spectral parameter spectral properties spectral property spectral representations spectral representation spectral shapes spectral shape spectral studies spectral study spectral widths spectral widths spectral-domain exponential matrix technique spectral domain exponential matrix technique spectral-domain technique spectral domain technique spectrofluorimetry spectrofluorometry spectrometer spectrometers spectrometers spectrometers spectrometric analysis spectrometric analysis spectrometry, mass, matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization spectrometry, mass, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization spectrometry, x-ray emission spectrometry, x ray emission spectrophotometer spectrophotometers spectrophotometers spectrophotometers spectrophotometric analysis spectrophotometric analysis spectrophotometric assays spectrophotometric assay spectrophotometric measurements spectrophotometric measurement spectroscopic analysis spectroscopic analysis spectroscopic and microscopic techniques spectroscopic and microscopic technique spectroscopic characteristic spectroscopic characterization spectroscopic characteristics spectroscopic characterization spectroscopic ellipsometers spectroscopic ellipsometers spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements spectroscopic ellipsometry measurement spectroscopic features spectroscopic feature spectroscopic fingerprints spectroscopic fingerprints spectroscopic investigations spectroscopic investigation spectroscopic measurements spectroscopic measurement spectroscopic signatures spectroscopic signature spectroscopic studies spectroscopic study spectroscopy measurements spectroscopy measurement spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, near infrared spectrum analysis spectrum analysis spectrum analyzers spectrum analyzers specular reflections specular reflection specularities specularity speed ups speed ups speed-ups speed ups spheres sphere spherical cells spherical cells spherical fillers spherical fillers spherical geometries spherical geometry spherical morphologies spherical morphology spherical nanoparticles spherical nanoparticle spherical pores spherical pore spherical projectiles spherical projectile spherical structures spherical structure spheroids spheroids spherulite growths spherulite growths spice-compatible spice compatible spider silks spider silks spiders spider spiked samples spiked sample spiked urine samples spiked urine sample spiked water samples spiked water sample spillover effects spillover effect spillover mechanisms spillover mechanism spin channels spin channel spin coated polymers spin coated polymer spin coating process spin coating process spin components spin component spin conductances spin conductance spin configurations spin configuration spin crossovers spin crossovers spin currents spin current spin densities spin density spin density distributions spin density distribution spin density waves spin density wave spin devices spin device spin diodes spin diode spin directions spin direction spin dynamics spin dynamic spin effects spin effect spin exchanges spin exchange spin field-effect transistors spin field effect transistor spin filter spin filtering spin filters spin filtering spin fluctuations spin fluctuation spin glass spin glass spin injection and detections spin injection and detection spin labels spin labeling spin lifetimes spin lifetime spin magnetic moments spin magnetic moment spin memories spin memory spin moments spin moment spin orbit interactions spin orbit interaction spin orbits spin orbits spin orientations spin orientation spin patterns spin pattern spin polarized currents spin polarized current spin properties spin property spin qubits spin qubit spin relaxation lengths spin relaxation length spin self-assembly spin self assembly spin splittings spin splittings spin states spin state spin structures spin structure spin systems spin system spin transports spin transport spin valves spin valve spin waves spin wave spin-accumulations spin accumulation spin-based devices spin based device spin-charge separation spin charge separation spin-coated films spin coated film spin-coated thin films spin coated thin film spin-coating spin coating spin-coating deposition spin coating deposition spin-coating method spin coating method spin-coating process spin coating process spin-coupling spin coupling spin-decoherence spin decoherence spin-dependent conductance spin dependent conductance spin-dependent electron transport spin dependent electron transport spin-dependent interactions spin dependent interaction spin-dependent phenomena spin dependent phenomena spin-dependent transmission spin dependent transmission spin-dependent transport spin dependent transport spin-dependent transport properties spin dependent transport property spin-diffusion length spin diffusion length spin-down spin down spin-down electrons spin down electron spin-down state spin down state spinel lithium manganese oxides spinel lithium manganese oxide spin-electronic devices spin electronic device spinel-type spinel type spin-filter effect spin filter effect spin-filter efficiency spin filter efficiency spin-filtering spin filtering spin-flip spin flip spin-flip scattering spin flip scattering spin-hall conductance spin hall conductance spin-hall effect spin hall effect spin-injection spin injection spin-injection efficiency spin injection efficiency spinning conditions spinning condition spinning process spinning process spin-on spin on spin-orbit coupling spin orbit coupling spin-orbit coupling effects spin orbit coupling effect spin-orbit couplings spin orbit coupling spin-orbit effects spin orbit effect spin-orbit interaction spin orbit interaction spin-orbit splitting spin orbit splitting spin-orbit splittings spin orbit splitting spin-orbital coupling spin orbital coupling spin-orbital interactions spin orbital interaction spin-orbitals spin orbital spinors spinors spin-polarization spin polarization spin-polarized spin polarized spin-polarized charges spin polarized charge spin-polarized current spin polarized current spin-polarized currents spin polarized current spin-polarized density functional theory spin polarized density functional theory spin-polarized density-functional theories spin polarized density functional theory spin-polarized electron transport spin polarized electron transport spin-polarized electrons spin polarized electron spin-polarized transport spin polarized transport spin-polarized tunneling spin polarized tunneling spin-pumping spin pumping spin-qubits spin qubit spin-relaxation rates spin relaxation rate spin-spin interaction spin spin interaction spin-split bands spin split band spin-transport spin transport spintronic spintronics spintronic applications spintronic application spintronic devices spintronic device spintronics spintronics spintronics applications spintronics application spintronics devices spintronics device spin-up spin up spin-valve devices spin valve device spin-valves spin valve spiral structures spiral structure spiropyrans spiropyran split splittings split gates split gate split ring resonators split ring resonator split-ring resonator split ring resonator split-ring resonators (srr) split ring resonator splitting splittings splitting process splitting process s-polarized s polarized spontaneous decay rates spontaneous decay rate spontaneous polarizations spontaneous polarization spontaneous process spontaneous process sports sports spot profile analysis spot profile analysis spot sizes spot size spr sensors spr sensor spray coating techniques spray coating technique spray drying process spray drying process spray guns spray guns spray pyrolysis spray pyrolysis spray-coating spray coating spray-deposited spray deposited spray-drying method spray drying method sprayed coatings sprayed coating spreaders spreaders spreading coefficients spreading coefficient spring constants spring constant sps sps sputter process sputter process sputtered atoms sputtered atom sputtered thin films sputtered thin film sputtering metals sputtering metal sputtering methods sputtering method sputtering parameters sputtering parameter sputtering process sputtering process sputtering techniques sputtering technique sputtering yields sputtering yields squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen squamous cell carcinoma related antigen square lattices square lattice square root square roots square roots square roots squared correlation coefficients squared correlation coefficient square-root square roots square-root dependence square root dependence square-wave square wave square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry square wave anodic stripping voltammetry square-wave stripping voltammetry square wave stripping voltammetry squids squids ssbauer spectroscopies ssbauer spectroscopy s-snom s snom stability analysis stability analysis stability and reliabilities stability and reliability stability in waters stability in water stability measurements stability measurement stability properties stability property stability tests stability test stabilization effects stabilization effect stabilization mechanisms stabilization mechanism stabilization of au nanoparticles stabilization of au nanoparticle stabilized lipid films stabilized lipid film stabilizer-free stabilizer free stabilizers (agents) stabilizing agent stabilizing agents stabilizing agent stabilizing effects stabilizing effect stabilizing reagents stabilizing reagent stable aqueous dispersions stable aqueous dispersion stable catalysts stable catalyst stable clusters stable cluster stable colloids stable colloid stable complexes stable complex stable cycle stable cycling stable cycles stable cycling stable dispersions stable dispersion stable fields stable field stable films stable film stable isomers stable isomers stable metals stable metal stable modes stable mode stable phasis stable phasis stable polymers stable polymer stable solutions stable solution stable structures stable structure stable surfaces stable surface stable suspensions stable suspension stable systems stable system stack designs stack design stacked graphene nanofibers stacked graphene nanofiber stacked structures stacked structure stacking configurations stacking configuration stacking defects stacking defect stacking disorders stacking disorder stacking distances stacking distance stacking domains stacking domains stacking fault energies stacking fault energy stacking faults stacking faults stacking interactions stacking interaction stacking layers stacking layer stacking mode stacking model stacking models stacking model stacking modes stacking model stacking orders stacking order stacking patterns stacking pattern stacking structures stacking structure stackings stackings stainless steel autoclaves stainless steel autoclave stainless steel balls stainless steel balls stainless steel substrates stainless steel substrate stainless steel wires stainless steel wire stainless-steel wire stainless steel wire stand -alone stand alone standard cmos standard cmos standard conditions standard condition standard devices standard device standard equipments standard equipments standard hydrogen electrodes standard hydrogen electrode standard lithographies standard lithography standard materials standard material standard procedures standard procedure standard proteins standard protein standard protocols standard protocol standard reduction potentials standard reduction potential standard single mode fibers standard single mode fiber standard solutions standard solution standard tools standard tools standards standards standing problems standing problem standing wave patterns standing wave pattern standing-up standing up standing-wave ratio standing wave ratio staphylococcal infections staphylococcal infection staphylococcus aureus staphylococcus aureus staphylococcus epidermidis staphylococcus epidermidis star-like star like stars stars starting materials starting material state distributions state distribution state energies state energy state models state model state variables state variable state-dependent state dependent state-of-art technology state of art technology state-of-the-art devices state of the art device state-of-the-art methods state of the art method state-of-the-art performance state of the art performance state-of-the-art reviews state of the art review state-of-the-art techniques state of the art technique state-of-the-art technology state of the art technology static analysis static analysis static and dynamic conditions static and dynamic condition static and dynamic mechanical properties static and dynamic mechanical property static deflections static deflection static dielectric constants static dielectric constant static dielectric permittivities static dielectric permittivity static electric fields static electric field static fields static field static magnetic fields static magnetic field static mechanical properties static mechanical property static polarizabilities static polarizability stationary applications stationary application stationary energy storages stationary energy storage stationary phase methods stationary phase method stationary phasis stationary phasis stationary wave patterns stationary wave pattern stationary waves stationary wave statistical analysis statistical analysis statistical descriptions statistical description statistical errors statistical errors statistical indicators statistical indicators statistical mechanics statistical mechanics statistical methods statistical method statistical models statistical model statistical parameters statistical parameter statistical properties statistical property statistical thermodynamics statistical thermodynamic statistical variations statistical variation statistics statistics steady state fluorescences steady state fluorescence steady-state condition steady state condition steady-state currents steady state current steady-state fluorescence steady state fluorescence steady-state temperature steady state temperature steady-state values steady state value steady-state velocity steady state velocity steady-state wear steady state wear steam condensers steam condensers steel fibers steel fiber steered molecular dynamics simulations steered molecular dynamic simulation stem cell stem cells stem cells stem cells stents stent step bunch step bunching step edges step edge step motions step motion step polymerizations step polymerization step potentials step potential step-by-step step by step step-edge step edge step-flow growth step flow growth stepped surfaces stepped surface step-terrace structure step terrace structure stepwise synthesis stepwise synthesis stereo-selective stereo selective steric hindrances steric hindrance steric repulsions steric repulsion sticking coefficients sticking coefficient stick-slip stick slip stick-slip friction stick slip friction stiffness stiffness stiffness-to-weight ratios stiffness to weight ratio stilbenes stilbene stimuli responsiveness stimuli responsive stimuli-responsive stimuli responsive stimuli-responsive materials stimuli responsive material stimuli-responsive polymer stimuli responsive polymer stimuli-responsive polymers stimuli responsive polymer stimuli-responsiveness stimuli responsive stimuli-sensitive polymers stimuli sensitive polymer stirring rates stirring rate stm images stm image stm/sts stm/sts stochastic analysis stochastic analysis stochastic models stochastic model stochastic resonances stochastic resonance stochastic sensors stochastic sensor stochastic systems stochastic system stoichiometric compositions stoichiometric composition stomach neoplasms stomach stone wales stone wale stone wales (sw) defect stone wales defect stone-wales stone wale stone-wales (sw) defect stone wales defect stone-wales bond rotation stone wales bond rotation stone-wales defect stone wales defect stone-wales defects stone wales defect stone-wales rearrangements stone wales rearrangement stone-wales transformation stone wales transformation stop-bands stop band storage abilities storage ability storage and transportations storage and transportation storage capacities storage capacity storage densities storage density storage devices storage device storage elements storage element storage materials storage material storage modulus storage moduli storage modulus storage moduli storage properties storage property stored electrical energies stored electrical energy storm sewers storm sewers stoves stove straight lines straight line straight waveguides straight waveguide straight-forward method straight forward method straightforward techniques straightforward technique strain analysis strain analysis strain conditions strain condition strain distributions strain distribution strain effects strain effect strain energy density functions strain energy density function strain energy functions strain energy function strain fields strain field strain fluctuations strain fluctuation strain gages strain gage strain gradient strain gradients strain gradients strain gradients strain levels strain level strain profiles strain profile strain ranges strain range strain results strain result strain sensor applications strain sensor application strain sensors strain sensor strain values strain value strain-dependent strain dependent strained grapheme strained graphene strained molecules strained molecule strained-si strained si strain-engineering strain engineering strain-free strain free strain-induced change strain induced change strain-induced deformation strain induced deformation strain-induced shifts strain induced shift strain-rate-dependent strain rate dependent strain-relieving strain relieving strategic materials strategic material strength and ductilities strength and ductility strength and elongations strength and elongation strength and stiffness strength and stiffness strength and toughness strength and toughness strength characteristics strength characteristic strength improvements strength improvements strength of materials strength of material strength values strength value strengthening mechanisms strengthening mechanism streptococcus streptococcus streptococcus mutans streptococcus mutans streptomyces streptomyce stress stress stress analysis stress analysis stress effects stress effect stress intensity factors stress intensity factor stress singularities stress singularity stress strain relationship stress strain relation stress tensors stress tensors stress/strain curves stress/strain curve stresses stress stress-induced stress induced stress-strain stress strain stress-strain behaviors stress strain behaviour stress-strain curves stress strain curve stress-strain response stress strain response stress-strain tests stress strain test stress-transfer stress transfer stretchable conductors stretchable conductor stretchable electrodes stretchable electrode stretchable electronics stretchable electronic stretched exponential functions stretched exponential function stretching bands stretching band stretching modes stretching mode stretching vibrations stretching vibration striking effects striking effect strip edges strip edge strip width strip widths strip widths strip widths stripping analysis stripping analysis strip-widths strip widths strong absorptions strong absorption strong acids strong acid strong coupling interactions strong coupling interaction strong couplings strong coupling strong currents strong current strong dependences strong dependence strong disorders strong disorder strong electric fields strong electric field strong electronic correlations strong electronic correlation strong interactions strong interaction strong light-matter interaction strong light matter interaction strong localizations strong localization strong magnetic fields strong magnetic field strong metal-support interaction strong metal support interaction strong oxidants strong oxidants strong perturbations strong perturbation strong-coupling expansion strong coupling expansion strong-coupling regime strong coupling regime strongly correlated materials strongly correlated material strongly correlated systems strongly correlated system strontium alloys strontium alloy strontium compounds strontium compound strontium titanates strontium titanate structural , electronic properties structural , electronic property structural alterations structural alteration structural analysis structural analysis structural and electrical properties structural and electronic property structural and electrical property structural and electronic property structural and electronic properties structural and electronic property structural and magnetic properties structural and magnetic property structural and mechanical properties structural and mechanical property structural and morphological properties structural and morphological property structural and optical characterizations structural and optical characterization structural and optical properties structural and optical property structural and physical properties structural and physical property structural applications structural application structural aspects structural aspects structural basis structural basis structural beams structural beam structural behaviors structural behavior structural buildings structural buildings structural ceramics structural ceramics structural characteristics structural characteristic structural composites structural composite structural configurations structural configuration structural conformations structural conformation structural damages structural damage structural details structural details structural differences structural difference structural dimensions structural dimension structural disorders structural disorder structural distortions structural distortion structural dynamics structural dynamic structural elements structural element structural flexibilities structural flexibility structural frames structural frame structural health monitoring (shm) structural health monitoring structural hierarchies structural hierarchy structural imperfections structural imperfection structural influences structural influence structural inhomogeneities structural inhomogeneity structural isomers structural isomers structural materials structural material structural measurements structural measurement structural mechanics structural mechanics structural mechanics approaches structural mechanics approach structural mechanics models structural mechanics model structural members structural members structural metals structural metal structural modelling structural modeling structural models structural model structural modifications structural modification structural modulations structural modulation structural motifs structural motifs structural observations structural observation structural order structural ordering structural orders structural ordering structural parameters structural parameter structural peculiarities structural peculiarity structural properties structural property structural qualities structural quality structural restorations structural restoration structural robustness structural robustness structural similarities structural similarity structural stabilities structural stability structural stiffness structural stiffness structural strains structural strains structural studies structural study structural templates structural template structural transformations structural transformation structural transitions structural transition structural units structural unit structural units structural unit structural vacancies structural vacancy structural variations structural variation structural-directing agents structural directing agent structure , properties structure property structure activity relationhips structure activity relationship structure analysis structure analysis structure and dynamics structure and dynamic structure and energetics structure and energetic structure and physical properties structure and physical property structure and properties structure and property structure calculations structure calculation structure defects structure defect structure directing agents structure directing agent structure factors structure factor structure formations structure formation structure functions structure function structure model structure modeling structure models structure modeling structure of composites structure of composite structure of surfaces structure of surface structure of the polymers structure of the polymer structure property relationhip structure property relationships structure retentions structure retention structure simulations structure simulation structure transform structure transformation structure transformations structure transformation structure transforms structure transformation structure/property relationhips structure property relationships structure/property relationships structure property relationhips structure-activity structure activity structure-activity relationship structure activity relationship structure-activity relationships structure activity relationship structure-based structure based structured materials structured material structured particles structured particle structure-function relationship structure function relationship structure-properties relationships structure properties relationship structure-property correlation structure property correlation structure-property relations structure property relationship structure-property relationships structure property relationship structure-reactivity relationships structure reactivity relationship structures structure structures and properties structure and property structure-sensitive structure sensitive study and applications study and application styrene acrylonitriles styrene acrylonitrile styrene butadiene styrenes styrene butadiene styrene su-8 su 8 su-8 micro-pillar su 8 micro pillar su-8 photoresist su 8 photoresist sub bands sub band sub cells sub cells sub lattices sub lattice sub nanometers sub nanometers sub wavelengths sub wavelength sub-100 nm sub 100 nm sub-50 nm sub 50 nm sub-band sub band subband energies subband energy subband structures subband structure subbands subband sub-bands sub band sub-cells sub cell sub-cellular sub cellular subcellular fractions subcellular fraction subcellular localizations subcellular localization subgraphs subgraphs sub-harmonic mixer sub harmonic mixer subharmonic resistive mixers subharmonic resistive mixer subharmonics subharmonics sub-lattices sub lattice sublimation process sublimation process sublimation rates sublimation rate sublinear behaviors sublinear behavior submicrometers submicrometers sub-micron particles sub micron particle sub-micron resolutions sub micron resolution submicron-sized submicron sized submillimeter waves submillimeter wave submillimeters submillimeters subnanometer gaps subnanometer gap subnanometers subnanometers subphases subphase subphthalocyanines subphthalocyanine subsequent hydrolysis subsequent hydrolysis substantial variations substantial variation substituted aromatics substituted aromatic substituted benzenes substituted benzene substituted carbons substituted carbon substituted polyacetylenes substituted polyacetylene substitution patterns substitution pattern substitution reactions substitution reaction substitutional atoms substitutional atom substitutional defects substitutional defect substitutional impurities substitutional impurity substrate bias substrate bias substrate concentrations substrate concentration substrate couplings substrate coupling substrate crystals substrate crystal substrate defects substrate defect substrate effects substrate effect substrate electrodes substrate electrode substrate grains substrate grains substrate independents substrate independents substrate layers substrate layer substrate metals substrate metal substrate modifications substrate modification substrate morphologies substrate morphology substrate parameters substrate parameter substrate planes substrate plane substrate properties substrate property substrate roughness substrate roughness substrate surface conditions substrate surface condition substrate surfaces substrate surface substrate terraces substrate terrace substrate thickness substrate thickness substrate transports substrate transport substrate types substrate type substrate-binding sites substrate binding site substrate-free substrate free substrates substrate sub-surface imaging sub surface imaging sub-terahertz sub terahertz sub-threshold current sub threshold current sub-wave length grating sub wave length grating sub-wavelength sub wavelength subwavelength optics subwavelength optic subwavelength structures subwavelength structure sub-wavelength structures sub wavelength structure sub-zero temperatures sub zero temperature successive ionic layer adsorption and reactions successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction sucrose crystals sucrose crystal sugar substitutes sugar substitute sugars sugar suitable conditions suitable condition sulfamethoxazole (smx) sulfamethoxazole sulfanilic acids sulfanilic acid sulfate radicals sulfate radical sulfate reducing bacteria sulfate reducing bacterium sulfates sulfate sulfhydryl compounds sulfhydryl compound sulfides sulfide sulfite process sulfite process sulfonamide antibiotics sulfonamide antibiotic sulfonamides sulfonamide sulfonate groups sulfonate group sulfonated chitosans sulfonated chitosan sulfonated graphene sheets sulfonated graphene sheet sulfonated poly (ether sulfone) sulfonated poly sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) sulfonated polyetheretherketone sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membrane sulfonated poly membrane sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes sulfonated poly membrane sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)s sulfonated polyetheretherketone sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)s sulfonated polyetheretherketone sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s sulfonated polyethersulfone sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s sulfonated polyethersulfone sulfonated polyether ether ketone sulfonated polyetheretherketone sulfonated polyether ether ketones sulfonated polyetheretherketone sulfonated polyimides sulfonated polyimide sulfonated polymers sulfonated polymer sulfones sulfone sulfonic acid groups sulfonic acid group sulfonic acid-functionalized sulfonic acid functionalized sulfonic acids sulfonic acid sulfur atoms sulfur atom sulfur cathodes sulfur cathode sulfur composites sulfur composite sulfur compounds sulfur compound sulfur contents sulfur contents sulfur nanocrystals sulfur nanocrystal sulfur-carbon composites sulfur carbon composite sulfur-containing compounds sulfur containing compound sulfur-doped graphene sulfur doped graphene sulfur-doping sulfur doping sulfuric acids sulfuric acid sulphonamides sulphonamide sulphonic acids sulphonic acid sulphonic groups sulphonic group sum-frequency generation sum frequency generation sum-frequency generation spectroscopy sum frequency generation spectroscopy sun light sunlight sunscreening agents sunscreening agent sunset yellows sunset yellow super cells super cell super conducting phasis super conducting phasis super currents super current super-capacitor super capacitor supercapacitor electrodes supercapacitor electrode supercapacitor. supercapacitor supercapacitors supercapacitor supercollisions supercollision supercomputers supercomputers superconducting contacts superconducting contact superconducting correlations superconducting correlation superconducting critical temperatures superconducting critical temperature superconducting devices superconducting device superconducting electrodes superconducting electrode superconducting electronic devices superconducting electronic device superconducting films superconducting film superconducting gaps superconducting gap superconducting junctions superconducting junction superconducting leads superconducting leads superconducting magnets superconducting magnets superconducting materials superconducting material superconducting nano-particles superconducting nano particle superconducting order parameters superconducting order parameter superconducting phase transitions superconducting phase transition superconducting properties superconducting property superconducting resonators superconducting resonators superconducting tapes superconducting tape superconducting transitions superconducting transition superconductor junctions superconductor junction superconductors superconductor supercooling degrees supercooling degree super-critical super critical supercritical carbon dioxides supercritical carbon dioxide supercritical co 2 supercritical co2 supercritical conditions supercritical condition supercritical fluids supercritical fluid supercritical methods supercritical method super-current super current supercurrents supercurrent superexchanges superexchange superfluid fractions superfluid fraction super-hydrophilic super hydrophilic super-hydrophilicity super hydrophilicity superhydrophobic coatings superhydrophobic coating superhydrophobic films superhydrophobic film super-hydrophobic surfaces super hydrophobic surface superior catalysts superior catalyst superlattice peaks superlattice peak superlattice periods superlattice periods super-lattice structures super lattice structure superlattices superlattice superlenses superlense supermode noise suppressions supermode noise suppression supermodes supermode superoxide anion radicals superoxide anion radical superoxide anions superoxide anion superoxide dismutase activities superoxide dismutase activity superoxide radical anions superoxide radical anion superoxides superoxide superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle superparamagnetic iron oxides superparamagnetic iron oxide superparamagnetic materials superparamagnetic material superparamagnetic nanocomposites superparamagnetic nanocomposite superparamagnetics superparamagnetics super-short super short supersonic aerodynamics supersonic aerodynamic supersonic velocities supersonic velocity superstrates superstrate superstructures superstructure super-structures super structure supersymmetric quantum mechanics supersymmetric quantum mechanics supply voltages supply voltage support effects support effect support materials support material support structures support structure supported catalysis supported catalysis supported catalysts supported catalyst supported clusters supported cluster supported electrocatalysts supported electrocatalyst supported lipid bilayers supported lipid bilayer supported materials supported material supported metals supported metal supported monolayers supported monolayer supported nanoparticles supported nanoparticle supported pd catalysts supported pd catalyst supported platinum catalysts supported platinum catalyst supported structures supported structure supported-metal catalysts supported metal catalyst supporting surfaces supporting surface supports support suppression effects suppression effect supra crystals supra crystal supramolecular architectures supramolecular architecture supramolecular assemblies supramolecular assembly supramolecular complexes supramolecular complex supramolecular ensembles supramolecular ensemble supramolecular gels supramolecular gel supramolecular hydrogel supramolecular hydrogels supramolecular hydrogels supramolecular hydrogels supramolecular interactions supramolecular interaction supra-molecular nano structures supra molecular nano structure supramolecular nanocomposites supramolecular nanocomposite supramolecular networks supramolecular network supramolecular organizations supramolecular organization supramolecular polymers supramolecular polymer supramolecular self-assemblies supramolecular self assembly supramolecular self-assembly supramolecular self assembly supramolecular structures supramolecular structure supramolecular templates supramolecular template surface acoustic wave sensors surface acoustic wave sensor surface acoustic waves surface acoustic wave surface active agents surface active agent surface active sites surface active site surface activities surface activity surface adsorbates surface adsorbate surface alloys surface alloy surface analysis surface analysis surface and interfaces surface and interface surface applications surface application surface area analysis surface area analysis surface areas surface area surface assemblies surface assembly surface atoms surface atom surface binding energies surface binding energy surface boundary conditions surface boundary condition surface bounds surface bounds surface brillouin zones surface brillouin zone surface carbides surface carbide surface catalysis surface catalysis surface changes surface change surface characteristics surface characteristic surface chemical modifications surface chemical modification surface chemical properties surface chemical property surface chemical reactions surface chemical reaction surface chemical structures surface chemical structure surface chemicals surface chemical surface cleanliness surface cleanline surface coatings surface coating surface components surface component surface compositions surface composition surface conditions surface condition surface contaminants surface contaminants surface contaminations surface contamination surface controlled process surface controlled process surface corrugations surface corrugation surface coverages surface coverage surface curvatures surface curvature surface dangling bonds surface dangling bond surface defects surface defect surface discharges surface discharge surface displays surface displays surface distributions surface distribution surface dynamics surface dynamic surface electric fields surface electric field surface emitting lasers surface emitting laser surface energies surface energy surface enhanced raman scattering (sers) surface enhanced raman scattering surface faradaic reactions surface faradaic reaction surface films surface film surface flatness surface flatness surface fluctuations surface fluctuation surface fluorinated tio 2 surface fluorinated tio2 surface forces surface force surface fractals surface fractals surface functional groups surface functional group surface functionalities surface functionality surface geometries surface geometry surface groups surface group surface hardness surface hardness surface heat fluxes surface heat flux surface height variations surface height variation surface heterogeneities surface heterogeneity surface hydroxyl groups surface hydroxyl group surface impedances surface impedance surface imperfections surface imperfection surface impurities surface impurity surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (si atrp) surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization surface initiated-atom transfer radical polymerization surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization surface interactions surface interaction surface layers surface layer surface mechanical properties surface mechanical property surface microstructures surface microstructure surface modes surface mode surface modification methods surface modification method surface modification techniques surface modification technique surface modifications surface modification surface modifiers surface modifiers surface morphology analysis surface morphology analysis surface normals surface normals surface optical phonon modes surface optical phonon mode surface optical phonons surface optical phonon surface oxidations surface oxidation surface oxygen complexes surface oxygen complex surface oxygen groups surface oxygen group surface oxygen-containing groups surface oxygen containing group surface pattern surface patterning surface perturbations surface perturbation surface phasis surface phase surface phonon-polaritons surface phonon polariton surface photovoltages surface photovoltage surface pits surface pits surface planes surface plane surface plasmon (sp) surface plasmon surface plasmon modes surface plasmon mode surface plasmon polariton surface plasmon polaritons surface plasmon polariton modes surface plasmon polariton mode surface plasmon polaritons surface plasmon polaritons surface plasmon polaritons (spp) surface plasmon polaritons surface plasmon polaritons (spps) surface plasmon polaritons surface plasmon polarization (spp) surface plasmon polarization surface plasmon polarizations surface plasmon polarization surface plasmon resonance (spr) surface plasmon resonance surface plasmon resonance effects surface plasmon resonance effect surface plasmon resonances surface plasmon resonance surface plasmon waves surface plasmon wave surface plasmon-coupled emission surface plasmon coupled emission surface plasmonic resonances surface plasmonic resonance surface plasmons surface plasmons surface polarities surface polarity surface polariton surface polaritons surface polaritons surface polaritons surface polarizations surface polarization surface potential distributions surface potential distribution surface potential measurements surface potential measurement surface pressure-area surface pressure area surface pressures surface pressure surface process surface process surface properties surface property surface qualities surface quality surface reactions surface reaction surface recombination velocities surface recombination velocity surface recombinations surface recombination surface redox process surface redox process surface relief grating surface reliefgrating surface relief gratings surface reliefgrating surface residues surface residue surface resistance measurements surface resistance measurement surface resistors surface resistors surface roughening surface roughness surface roughness surface roughness surface roughness effects surface roughness effect surface science studies surface science study surface science techniques surface science technique surface sites surface site surface smoothness surface smoothness surface species surface specy surface states surface state surface steps surface step surface stress surface stress surface temperatures surface temperature surface tension effects surface tension effect surface topographic features surface topographic feature surface units surface units surface vacancies surface vacancy surface waters surface water surface wave plasma chemical vapor depositions surface wave plasma chemical vapor deposition surface waves surface wave surface work functions surface work function surface x-ray diffraction surface x ray diffraction surface-active agents surface active agent surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization surface assisted laser desorption/ionization surface-assisted molecular assembly surface assisted molecular assembly surface-conducted surface conducted surface-controlled process surface controlled process surface-enhanced infrared absorptions surface enhanced infrared absorption surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization surface-enhanced raman surface enhanced raman surface-enhanced raman scattering surface enhanced raman scattering surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) surface enhanced raman scattering surface-enhanced raman scattering spectroscopy surface enhanced raman scattering spectroscopy surface-enhanced raman scattering spectrum surface enhanced raman scattering spectrum surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy surface enhanced raman spectroscopy surface-enhanced raman spectrum surface enhanced raman spectrum surface-enhanced-raman-scattering surface enhanced raman scattering surface-initiated surface initiated surface-initiated atom transfer surface initiated atom transfer surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerizations surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization surface-initiated atrp surface initiated atrp surface-initiated polymerization surface initiated polymerization surface-modified surface modified surface-plasmon surface plasmon surface-roughening surface rougheness surfaces surface surfaces and interfaces surface and interface surface-sensitive technique surface sensitive technique surface-to-volume ratio surface to volume ratio surfactant assisted synthesis surfactant assisted synthesis surfactant concentrations surfactant concentration surfactant effects surfactant effect surfactant micelles surfactant micelle surfactant molecules surfactant molecule surfactant monolayers surfactant monolayer surfactant stabilizers surfactant stabilized surfactant stabilizers surfactant stabilized surfactant-assisted method surfactant assisted method surfactant-free surfactant free surfactant-free emulsion polymerization surfactant free emulsion polymerization surfactants surfactant surfactant-stabilized surfactant stabilized surrounding elastic mediums surrounding elastic medium surrounding materials surrounding material surveys surveys suspended beams suspended beam suspended grapheme suspended graphene suspended membranes suspended membrane suspended parts suspended parts suspension concentrations suspension concentration suspensions suspension sustainable materials sustainable material sustainable process sustainable process suzuki coupling polymerizations suzuki coupling polymerization suzuki couplings suzuki coupling suzuki cross coupling reactions suzuki cross coupling reaction suzuki-miyaura coupling suzuki miyaura coupling suzuki-miyaura coupling reaction suzuki miyaura coupling reaction suzuki-miyaura cross-coupling reaction suzuki miyaura cross coupling reaction suzuki-miyaura reaction suzuki miyaura reaction sw defects sw defect s-wave pairing s wave pairing swcnts swcnt sweep rates sweep rate sweeping magnetic fields sweeping magnetic field sweeping rate sweep rate swelling capacities swelling capacity swelling properties swelling property swift heavy ion irradiations (shi) swift heavy ion irradiations swift heavy ions swift heavy ion switchable operations switchable operation switchable wavelengths switchable wavelength switches switch switching applications switching application switching behaviors switching behavior switching characteristics switching characteristic switching circuits switching circuit switching conditions switching condition switching currents switching current switching cycles switching cycle switching devices switching device switching elements switching element switching functions switching function switching modes switching mode switching operations switching operation switching parameters switching parameter switching properties switching property switching rates switching rate switching systems switching system switching voltages switching voltage swnt composites swnt composite swnts swnt symmetric patterns symmetric pattern symmetric structures symmetric structure symmetric systems symmetric system symmetric tilt boundaries symmetric tilt boundary symmetry analysis symmetry analysis symmetry and conservation laws symmetry and conservation laws symmetry changes symmetry change symmetry class symmetry class symmetry constraints symmetry constraints symmetry groups symmetry group symmetry operations symmetry operation symmetry properties symmetry property symmetry selection rules symmetry selection rule symmetry-breaking symmetry breaking syn gas syn gas synchrotron radiation x-rays synchrotron radiation x ray synchrotron x rays synchrotron x rays synchrotron-based x-ray spectroscopy synchrotron based x ray spectroscopy synchrotrons synchrotrons syndiotactic polystyrenes syndiotactic polystyrene syndiotactic polystyrenes (sps) syndiotactic polystyrene synergetic catalysis synergetic catalysis synergetic effects synergetic effect synergetic interactions synergetic interaction synergic effects synergic effect synergism effects synergism effect synergistic adsorptions synergistic adsorption synergistic catalysis synergistic catalysis synergistic combinations synergistic combination synergistic effects synergistic effect synergistic properties synergistic property syn-gas syn gas synthesis synthesis synthesis and characterizations synthesis and characterization synthesis conditions synthesis condition synthesis gas synthesis gas synthesis kinetics synthesis kinetic synthesis of synthesis parameters synthesis parameter synthesis process synthesis process synthesis techniques synthesis technique synthesis temperatures synthesis temperature synthesized materials synthesized material synthesized polymers synthesized polymer synthetic chemists synthetic chemists synthetic conditions synthetic condition synthetic diamond synthetic diamonds synthetic diamonds synthetic diamonds synthetic fuels synthetic fuel synthetic materials synthetic material synthetic metals synthetic metal synthetic methods synthetic method synthetic nanopores synthetic nanopore synthetic organic compounds synthetic organic compound synthetic parameters synthetic parameter synthetic polymers synthetic polymer synthetic procedures synthetic procedure synthetic process synthetic process synthetic protocols synthetic protocol synthetic reactions synthetic reaction synthetic resins synthetic resin synthetic routes synthetic route synthetic strategies synthetic strategy synthetic techniques synthetic technique system analysis system analysis system applications system application system behaviors system behavior system displays system displays system level analysis system level analysis system levels system level system of equations system of equation system on chip system on a chip systematic analysis systematic analysis systematic changes systematic change systematic errors systematic errors systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichments systematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichments systematic investigations systematic investigation system-in-a-package system in a package system-level analysis system level analysis system-level optimization system level optimization system-level performance system level performance system-on-a-chip system on a chip system-on-chip system on a chip systems analysis system analysis t cells cells t junctions junction t lymphocytes lymphocyte tablets tablet tactile sensors tactile sensor tafel analysis tafel analysis tafel plot tafel plots tafel plots tafel plots tafel slope analysis tafel slope analysis tafel slopes tafel slope tailored properties tailored property talbot effects talbot effect tandem cells tandem cells tandem solar cells tandem solar cells tangential components tangential component tannin tannins tanning properties tanning property tannins tannins tantalum compounds tantalum compound tantalum oxides tantalum oxide tap water samples tap water sample tapered optical fibers tapered optical fiber tapes tape tapping modes tapping mode tapping-mode atomic force microscopy tapping mode atomic force microscopy tap-water samples tap water sample target analytes target analyte target cell target cells target cells target cells target concentrations target concentration target gas target gas target genes target gene target materials target material target proteins target protein target sequences target sequence target species target specy targeting targets targets targets target-substrate target substrate t-cells t cell tds tds te polarizations te polarization tea polyphenol tea polyphenols tea polyphenols tea polyphenols technical applications technical application technical challenges technical challenge technical difficulties technical difficulty technical fields technical field technical implications technical implication technical limitations technical limitation technical presentations technical presentation technological applications technological application technological barriers technological barrier technological breakthroughs technological breakthroughs technological challenges technological challenge technological improvements technological improvements technological process technological process technology nodes technology node technology parameters technology parameter telecom wavelengths telecom wavelength telecommunication bands telecommunication band telecommunication systems telecommunication system telecommunication wavelengths telecommunication wavelength telecommunications telecommunication tellurium compounds tellurium compound tem tem (transmission electron microscopy) tem analysis tem analysis tem and sem characterizations tem and sem characterization tem images tem image tem micrographs tem micrograph tem observations tem observation temperature and humidities temperature and humidity temperature and pressures temperature and pressure temperature bias temperature bias temperature changes temperature change temperature conditions temperature condition temperature dependences temperature dependence temperature dependencies temperature dependence temperature dependency temperature dependence temperature dependent temperature dependence temperature dependent photoluminescences temperature dependent photoluminescence temperature dependents temperature dependence temperature differences temperature difference temperature drops temperature drops temperature effects temperature effect temperature independents temperature independents temperature indicating cameras temperature indicating cameras temperature intervals temperature intervals temperature measuring instruments temperature measuring instruments temperature oscillations temperature oscillation temperature profiles temperature profile temperature ranges temperature range temperature regimes temperature regime temperature regions temperature region temperature regulations temperature regulation temperature sense temperature sensing temperature sensitive temperature sensitivity temperature sensitive substrates temperature sensitive substrate temperature sensors temperature sensor temperature stress temperature stress temperature trends temperature trends temperature-dependent temperature dependence temperature-dependent adsorption temperature dependent adsorption temperature-dependent conductivity temperature dependent conductivity temperature-dependent electrical properties temperature dependent electrical property temperature-dependent measurements temperature dependent measurement temperature-dependent photoluminescence temperature dependent photoluminescence temperature-dependent raman temperature dependent raman temperature-dependent raman spectroscopies temperature dependent raman spectroscopy temperature-dependent resistance temperature dependent resistance temperature-dependent resistivity temperature dependent resistivity temperature-dependent thermal conductivity temperature dependent thermal conductivity temperature-induced temperature induced temperature-induced phase transitions temperature induced phase transition temperature-programmed reduction temperature programmed reduction temperature-responsive temperature responsive temperature-sensitive temperature sensitivity template assisted synthesis template assisted synthesis template effects template effect template functions template function template methods template method template molecules template molecule template skeletons template skeletons template surfaces template surface template synthesis template synthesis template-assisted synthesis template assisted synthesis templated templating templated self assemblies templated self assembly templated synthesis templated synthesis template-directed assembly template directed assembly template-free template free template-free electrodeposition template free electrodeposition template-guided methods template guided method templating agents templating agent templating effects templating effect temporal characteristics temporal characteristic temporal regimes temporal regime tensile and flexural properties tensile and flexural property tensile and impact properties tensile and impact property tensile behaviors tensile behavior tensile characteristics tensile characteristic tensile directions tensile direction tensile edge stress tensile edge stress tensile failures tensile failure tensile forces tensile force tensile fractures tensile fracture tensile loads tensile load tensile measurements tensile measurement tensile mechanical properties tensile mechanical property tensile modulus tensile moduli tensile process tensile process tensile properties tensile property tensile stress tensile stress tensile test tensile testing tensile testing machines tensile testing machine tensile tests tensile testing tensors tensors teos teos terabit-per-second (tbps) links terabit per second (tbps) link terahertz tera hertz terahertz (thz) tera hertz terahertz amplifiers terahertz amplifier terahertz antennas terahertz antenna terahertz applications terahertz application terahertz communication systems terahertz communication system terahertz detection terahertz detectors terahertz detectors terahertz detectors terahertz dynamics terahertz dynamic terahertz electronics terahertz electronic terahertz emissions terahertz emission terahertz emitters terahertz emitters terahertz fields terahertz field terahertz filters terahertz filter terahertz frequencies terahertz frequency terahertz lasers terahertz laser terahertz optoelectronics terahertz optoelectronic terahertz oscillators terahertz oscillators terahertz photonics terahertz photonics terahertz probes terahertz probe terahertz quantum-cascade lasers terahertz quantum cascade laser terahertz ranges terahertz range terahertz signals terahertz signal terahertz sources terahertz source terahertz surfaces terahertz surface terahertz time-domain spectroscopy terahertz time domain spectroscopy terahertz wave detectors terahertz wave detectors terahertz waveguides terahertz waveguide terahertz waves terahertz wave terahertz-wave generation terahertz wave generation teraherz tera hertz terbium alloys terbium alloy terephthalic acids terephthalic acid terminal amino groups terminal amino group terminal carbon atoms terminal carbon atom terminal groups terminal group terminal measurements terminal measurement ternary alloys ternary alloy ternary blends ternary blends ternary catalysts ternary catalyst ternary composites ternary composite ternary compounds ternary compound ternary mixtures ternary mixture ternary nanocomposites ternary nanocomposite ternary nanoparticles ternary nanoparticle ternary oxides ternary oxide ternary systems ternary system terpenes terpene terpolymer nanocomposites terpolymer nanocomposite terpolymers terpolymer terpyridines terpyridine terrorist attacks terrorist attacks ters ters tersoff-brenner potential tersoff brenner potential tersoff-brenner potentials tersoff brenner potential tert-butylhydroperoxide tert butylhydroperoxide tert-butylhydroquinone tert butylhydroquinone tert-butylhydroquinone (tbhq) tert butylhydroquinone terthiophenes terthiophene tertiary structures tertiary structure test materials test material test platforms test platform test results test result test samples test sample test structures test structure test temperatures test temperature testbeds testbeds tested devices tested device testing conditions testing condition testing frequencies testing frequency testing platforms testing platform tetra-butyl titanate tetra butyl titanate tetrabutylammonium hydroxides tetrabutylammonium hydroxide tetrabutylammonium salts tetrabutylammonium salt tetrachloromethanes tetrachloromethane tetracycline antibiotics tetracycline antibiotic tetracyclines tetracycline tetraethoxysilanes tetraethoxysilane tetraethyl orthosilicates tetraethyl orthosilicate tetraethylene glycols tetraethylene glycols tetraethylene pentamine tetraethylenepentamine tetra-ethyl-ortho-silicate tetra ethyl ortho silicate tetrafluoroborates tetrafluoroborate tetrafluoroethylene tetrafluoromethane tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane tetrafluoro tetracyanoquinodimethane tetrahedral structures tetrahedral structure tetra-hydrofuran tetra hydrofuran tetrahydrofuran solvents tetrahydrofuran solvent tetrahydrofurane tetrahydrofurans tetrahydrofurans tetrahydrofurans tetrakis tetrakis tetramers tetramers tetramethylammonium hydroxide tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide tetraphenyl porphyrins tetraphenyl porphyrins tetraphenylporphyrins tetraphenyl porphyrins tetraphenylporphyrins tetraphenyl porphyrins tetrathiafulvalenes tetrathiafulvalene texas texas texbrite ba-l texbrite ba l textil textile textile blends textile blends textile composites textile composite textile electrodes textile electrode textile fibers textile fiber textiles textile textronics textronics textural parameters textural parameter textural properties textural property textures texture tfet tfets tfets tfets tgf-?3 tgf ?3 th2 cells th2 cell the first-principles the first principle the scanning electron microscopes (sem) the scanning electron microscopy the tight-binding model the tight binding model theoretical aspects theoretical aspects theoretical basis theoretical basis theoretical calculations theoretical calculation theoretical foundations theoretical foundation theoretical investigations theoretical investigation theoretical limits theoretical limit theoretical methods theoretical method theoretical modelling theoretical modeling theoretical models theoretical model theoretical points theoretical point theoretical studies theoretical study theoretical treatments theoretical treatment theoretical values theoretical value theranostic theranostics theranostic agents theranostic agent theranostics theranostics therapeutic agents therapeutic agent therapeutic drugs therapeutic drug therapeutic effects therapeutic effect therapeutic functions therapeutic function therapeutic molecules therapeutic molecule therapeutic potentials therapeutic potential therapeutic tools therapeutic tools thermal activation energies thermal activation energy thermal analysis thermal analysis thermal and chemical stabilities thermal and chemical stability thermal and electrical properties thermal and electrical property thermal and mechanical analysis thermal and mechanical analysis thermal and mechanical properties thermal and mechanical property thermal and mechanical stabilities thermal and mechanical stability thermal and optical properties thermal and optical property thermal and rheological properties thermal and rheological property thermal and tensile properties thermal and tensile property thermal annealing process thermal annealing process thermal applications thermal application thermal behaviors thermal behavior thermal carriers thermal carriers thermal characteristics thermal characteristic thermal characterization thermal characterisation thermal coefficients thermal coefficient thermal conductive composites thermal conductive composite thermal conductivity measurements thermal conductivity measurement thermal conductivity of gases thermal conductivity of gase thermal conductivity of liquids thermal conductivity of liquid thermal conductivity of solids thermal conductivity of solid thermal conductivity reductions thermal conductivity reduction thermal conductors thermal conductors thermal convections thermal convection thermal decomposition kinetics thermal decomposition kinetic thermal decomposition methods thermal decomposition method thermal decomposition process thermal decomposition process thermal decompositions thermal decomposition thermal degradation kinetics thermal degradation kinetic thermal degradation temperatures thermal degradation temperature thermal degradations thermal degradation thermal devices thermal device thermal dynamics thermal dynamic thermal effects thermal effect thermal emissions thermal emission thermal evaluations thermal evaluation thermal expansion coefficients thermal expansion coefficient thermal expansion properties thermal expansion property thermal fluctuations thermal fluctuation thermal fluxes thermal flux thermal gradients thermal gradients thermal gravimetric analyses (tga) thermal gravimetric analysis thermal gravimetric analysis thermal gravimetric analysis thermal hysteresis thermal hysteresis thermal instabilities thermal instability thermal insulating materials thermal insulating material thermal insulators thermal insulator thermal interface materials thermal interface material thermal interface resistances thermal interface resistance thermal interfaces thermal interface thermal kinetics thermal kinetic thermal load thermal loadings thermal loadings thermal loadings thermal management applications thermal management application thermal materials thermal material thermal measurements thermal measurement thermal mechanical properties thermal mechanical property thermal methods thermal method thermal nonlinearities thermal nonlinearity thermal oxidation stability thermal oxidative stability thermal performance factors thermal performance factor thermal perturbations thermal perturbation thermal phonons thermal phonon thermal plasma jets thermal plasma jet thermal polymerizations thermal polymerization thermal process thermal process thermal properties thermal property thermal properties of materials thermal property of material thermal pyrolysis thermal pyrolysis thermal radiations thermal radiation thermal reactions thermal reaction thermal reductions thermal reduction thermal sensors thermal sensor thermal stabilities thermal stability thermal stability studies thermal stability study thermal stress thermal stress thermal synthesis thermal synthesis thermal time constants thermal time constant thermal transformations thermal transformation thermal transport properties thermal transport property thermal treatment process thermal treatment process thermal treatments thermal treatment thermal vias thermal vias thermal-annealing thermal annealing thermalization process thermalization process thermally activated process thermally activated process thermally conductive elastomers thermally conductive elastomers thermally reduced graphite oxide, trgo thermally reduced graphite oxide thermal-optical thermal optical thermal-oxidation stability thermal oxidative stability thermionic currents thermionic current thermistors thermistor thermo chemical process thermo chemical process thermo dynamic analysis thermo dynamic analysis thermo mechanical analysis thermo mechanical analysis thermoacoustic effects thermoacoustic effect thermo-acoustic model thermo acoustic model thermoacoustics thermoacoustic thermoanalysis thermoanalysis thermo-balance thermo balance thermocells thermocells thermochemical analysis thermochemical analysis thermochromic materials thermochromic material thermocouples thermocouple thermodynamic approaches thermodynamic approach thermodynamic calculations thermodynamic calculation thermodynamic conditions thermodynamic condition thermodynamic density of states thermodynamic density of state thermodynamic driving forces thermodynamic driving force thermodynamic functions thermodynamic function thermodynamic limits thermodynamic limit thermodynamic parameters thermodynamic parameter thermodynamic potentials thermodynamic potential thermodynamic properties thermodynamic property thermodynamic quantities thermodynamic quantity thermodynamic response functions thermodynamic response function thermodynamic studies thermodynamic study thermodynamical properties thermodynamical property thermodynamics thermodynamic thermodynamics and kinetics thermodynamic and kinetic thermoelectric currents thermoelectric current thermoelectric devices thermoelectric device thermoelectric effects thermoelectric effect thermoelectric generators thermoelectric generator thermoelectric materials thermoelectric material thermo-electric materials thermo electric material thermoelectric measurements thermoelectric measurement thermoelectric modules thermoelectric module thermoelectric power factors thermoelectric power factor thermoelectric properties thermoelectric property thermoelectric signals thermoelectric signal thermoelectric transport properties thermoelectric transport property thermoelectrics thermoelectric thermogalvanic cells thermogalvanic cells thermo-gravimetric thermo gravimetric thermogravimetric analysis thermogravimetric analysis thermogravimetric analysis (tga) thermogravimetric analysis thermogravimetric analyzers thermogravimetric analyzers thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis thermogravimetric studies thermogravimetric study thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis thermogravimetry analysis thermogravimetry analysis thermolysis thermolysis thermo-mechanical thermo mechanical thermo-mechanical analysis thermo mechanical analysis thermo-mechanical applications thermo mechanical application thermo-mechanical behaviors thermo mechanical behaviour thermomechanical properties thermomechanical property thermo-mechanical properties thermo mechanical property thermomechanical pulping process thermomechanical pulping process thermo-mechanical response thermo mechanical response thermo-mechanical vibration thermo mechanical vibration thermometers thermometers thermonuclear reactions thermonuclear reaction thermo-oxidation thermo oxidation thermo-oxidative aging thermo oxidative aging thermo-oxidative stability thermo oxidative stability thermophoresis thermophoresis thermophoretic samplings thermophoretic samplings thermophotovoltaic systems thermophotovoltaic system thermophotovoltaics thermophotovoltaics thermo-physical properties thermo physical property thermo-physical property thermo physical property thermoplastic elastomers thermoplastic elastomers thermoplastic films thermoplastic film thermoplastic matrices thermoplastic matrix thermoplastic nanocomposites thermoplastic nanocomposite thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposite thermoplastic polyurethanes thermoplastic polyurethane thermoplastics thermoplastics thermopower measurements thermopower measurement thermopowers thermopower thermo-responsive thermo responsive thermoresponsive polymer brushes thermoresponsive polymer brush thermo-sensitive hydrogel thermo sensitive hydrogel thermo-sensitive polymer thermo sensitive polymer thermo-sensitive properties thermo sensitive property thermosensitivities thermosensitivity thermoset polymers thermoset polymer thermosets thermosets thermosetting matrices thermosetting matrix thermosetting polymers thermosetting polymer thermosetting resins thermosetting resin thermostats thermostats thermosyphon thermosyphons thermosyphons thermosyphons thermotropic liquid crystals thermotropic liquid crystal thiadiazoles thiadiazole thiazoles thiazole thick active layers thick active layer thick coatings thick coating thick electrodes thick electrode thick films thick film thick layers thick layer thick materials thick material thick multilayers thick multilayer thick samples thick sample thick sheets thick sheet thick-film electrodes thick film electrode thickness thickness thickness analysis thickness analysis thickness distributions thickness distribution thickness properties thickness property thieno[3 ,4-b]thiophene thieno[3 ,4 b]thiophene thin barrier layers thin barrier layer thin barriers thin barrier thin carbon films thin carbon film thin composite films thin composite film thin copper films thin copper film thin diamond films thin diamond film thin fe films thin fe film thin film circuits thin film circuit thin film composite membranes thin film composite membrane thin film composites thin film composite thin film devices thin film device thin film electronics thin film electronic thin film field effect transistors thin film field effect transistor thin film lithium ion batteries thin film lithium ion battery thin film photovoltaics thin film photovoltaics thin film polymer composites thin film polymer composite thin film sensors thin film sensor thin film solar cell thin film solar cells thin film solar cells thin film solar cells thin film transistor (tfts) thin film transistor thin film transistors thin film transistor thin film transistors (tft) thin film transistor thin films thin film thin insulating barriers thin insulating barrier thin insulating layers thin insulating layer thin layers thin layer thin materials thin material thin metal films thin metal film thin metal layers thin metal layer thin metallic film thin metall film thin metallic films thin metall film thin metals thin metal thin multi walled carbon nanotubes thin multi walled carbon nanotubes thin multilayers thin multilayer thin multi-walled carbon nanotubes thin multi walled carbon nanotube thin polymer films thin polymer film thin polymers thin polymer thin sheets thin sheet thin shells thin shells thin surfaces thin surface thin tunnel barriers thin tunnel barrier thin walled structures thin walled structure thin walls thin walled thin walls thin walled thin water films thin water film thin wires thin wire thin-film coatings thin film coating thin-film composite membrane thin film composite membrane thin-film depositions thin film deposition thin-film electrode thin film electrode thin-film nanocomposites thin film nanocomposite thin-film processing thin film processing thin-film properties thin film property thin-film solar cells thin film solar cells thin-film structure thin film structure thin-film technology thin film technology thin-film transistor (tfts) thin film transistor thin-film transistors thin film transistor thin-films thin film thinning process thinning process thin-walled thin walled thio-?-cyclodextrin thio ? cyclodextrin thiocarbamates thiocarbamate thiol enes thiol ene thiol functional groups thiol functional group thiol groups thiol group thiolates thiolate thiol-ene click reactions thiol ene click reaction thiol-ene reactions thiol ene reaction thiol-enes thiol ene thiol-functionalization thiol functionalization thiols thiol thionyl chlorides thionyl chloride thiophenes thiophene thiosulfates thiosulfate thioureas thiourea thioureas thiourea thioxanthenones thioxanthenone third order elastic constants third order elastic constant third order nonlinear optical properties third order nonlinear optical property third-generation biosensors third generation biosensor third-generation sequencing third generation sequencing third-harmonic generation third harmonic generation third-harmonic microscopy third harmonic microscopy third-order third order third-order elastic constants third order elastic constant third-order intercept point third order intercept point third-order intermodulation third order intermodulation third-order nonlinear effect third order nonlinear effect third-order nonlinear optical third order nonlinear optical third-order nonlinear susceptibility third order nonlinear susceptibility third-order non-linearity third order non linearity third-order optical nonlinearities third order optical nonlinearity third-order susceptibility third order susceptibility thomas-fermi thomas fermi thomas-fermi approximation thomas fermi approximation thought experiments thought experiment threading dislocation densities threading dislocation density three categories three category three different techniques three different technique three dimension three dimensional (3d) three dimensional (3d) architectures three dimensional (3d) architecture three dimensional (3d) structures three dimensional (3d) structure three dimensional architecture three dimensional (3d) architecture three dimensional computer graphics three dimensional computer graphics three dimensional integrated circuits three dimensional integrated circuit three dimensional model three dimensional modeling three dimensional systems three dimensional system three dimensions three dimensional (3d) three electrode cells three electrode cells three electrode-system three electrode system three layers three layer three models three model three parameters three parameter three phasis three phasis three stages three stage three step process three step process three step synthesis three step synthesis three systems three system three-branch three branch three-component three component three-dimension three dimensional (3d) three-dimensional three dimensional (3d) threedimensional (3 d) three dimensional (3d) threedimensional (3-d) threedimensional (3d) three-dimensional (3d) three dimensional (3d) three-dimensional (3d) clusters three dimensional (3d) cluster three-dimensional (3d) electrodes three dimensional (3d) electrode three-dimensional (3d) nanostructures three dimensional (3d) nanostructure three-dimensional (3d) networks three dimensional (3d) network three-dimensional (3d) scaffolds three dimensional (3d) scaffold three-dimensional (3d) solids three dimensional (3d) solid three-dimensional architecture three dimensional (3d) architecture three-dimensional assembly three dimensional assembly three-dimensional deformations three dimensional deformation three-dimensional devices three dimensional device three-dimensional electrode three dimensional electrode three-dimensional electrodes three dimensional electrode three-dimensional finite element method three dimensional finite element method three-dimensional framework three dimensional framework three-dimensional frameworks three dimensional framework three-dimensional graphene three dimensional graphene three-dimensional graphene aerogel three dimensional graphene aerogel three-dimensional graphene foam three dimensional graphene foam three-dimensional graphene network three dimensional graphene network three-dimensional graphene networks three dimensional graphene network three-dimensional growth three dimensional growth three-dimensional islands three dimensional island three-dimensional microstructure three dimensional microstructure three-dimensional microstructures three dimensional microstructure three-dimensional model three dimensional modeling three-dimensional modeling three dimensional modeling three-dimensional nanostructures three dimensional nanostructure three-dimensional networks three dimensional network three-dimensional patterns three dimensional pattern three-dimensional printing three dimensional printing three-dimensional scaffolds three dimensional scaffold three-dimensional shape three dimensional shape three-dimensional solids three dimensional solid three-dimensional structure three dimensional structure three-dimensional structures three dimensional structure three-dimensional surface three dimensional surface three-fold symmetry three fold symmetry three-layer three layer three-layer structures three layer structure three-level three level three-membered rings three membered ring three-phase composites three phase composite three-phase contact line three phase contact line three-phonon scattering three phonon scattering three-point bending test three point bending test three-step process three step process three-step synthesis three step synthesis three-terminal devices three terminal device three-terminal junctions three terminal junction threshold concentrations threshold concentration threshold electric fields threshold electric field threshold fields threshold field threshold measurements threshold measurement threshold of laser energies threshold of laser energy threshold pressures threshold pressure threshold temperatures threshold temperature threshold voltage shifts threshold voltage shift thrombosis thrombosis thrombus thrombus through silicon via (tsv) through silicon vias through silicon vias through silicon vias through silicon vias (tsvs) through silicon vias through thickness through thickness through-plane thermal conductivities through plane thermal conductivity through-silicon vias (tsvs) through silicon vias through-space interaction through space interaction through-thickness through thickness thue-morse thue morse thue-morse sequence thue morse sequence thulium fiber lasers thulium fiber laser thulium-doped fiber thulium doped fiber thulium-doped fibers thulium doped fiber thz amplifiers thz amplifier thz bands thz band thz communications thz communication thz detectors thz detection thz detectors thz detection thz devices thz device thz fields thz field thz frequencies thz frequency thz lasers thz laser thz modulators thz modulator thz quantum cascade lasers thz quantum cascade laser thz sources thz source thz tds thz tds thz time-domain spectroscopy thz time domain spectroscopy thz waves thz wave thz-tds thz tds thz-time domain spectroscopy thz time domain spectroscopy ti atoms ti atom ti substrates ti substrate ti-al matrix composites ti al matrix composite tight bind tight binding tight binding methods tight binding method tight binding molecular dynamics tight binding molecular dynamic tight-bind tight binding tight-binding tight binding tight-binding approaches tight binding approach tight-binding approximation tight binding approximation tight-binding approximations tight binding approximation tight-binding calculations tight binding calculation tight-binding formalism tight binding formalism tight-binding hamiltonian tight binding hamiltonian tight-binding hamiltonians tight binding hamiltonian tight-binding method tight binding method tight-binding model tight binding model tight-binding models tight binding model tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations tight binding molecular dynamics simulation tilt boundaries tilt boundary tilted magnetic fields tilted magnetic field time and frequency domain analysis time and frequency domain analysis time and frequency domains time and frequency domains time- and frequency-domain analysis time and frequency domain analysis time characteristics time characteristic time constants time constant time dependent kohn shams time dependent kohn shams time dependent vectors time dependent vectors time domain analysis time domain analysis time evolutions time evolution time factors time factor time on streams time on streams time periods time periods time resolved studies time resolved study time reversal symmetries time reversal symmetry time stepping algorithms time stepping algorithm time switches time switch time temperature superposition principles time temperature superposition principle time variations time variation time varying systems time varying system time-averaged time averaged time-bandwidth products time bandwidth product time-consuming procedure time consuming procedure time-correlated single photon counting time correlated single photon counting time-dependent time dependent time-dependent density time dependent density time-dependent density functional theory time dependent density functional theory time-dependent dft time dependent dft time-dependent effects time dependent effect time-dependent evolutions time dependent evolution time-dependent hartree method time dependent hartree method time-dependent imaging time dependent imaging time-dependent perturbation theory time dependent perturbation theory time-dependent potentials time dependent potential time-dependent temperature time dependent temperature time-dependent transport time dependent transport time-domain time domain time-domain approach time domain approach time-domain simulations time domain simulation time-domain spectroscopy time domain spectroscopy time-domain terahertz spectroscopy time domain terahertz spectroscopy time-of-flight time of flight time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy time-periodic potential time periodic potential time-periods time period time-resolved time resolved time-resolved emission spectroscopy time resolved emission spectroscopy time-resolved fluorescence time resolved fluorescence time-resolved fluorescence measurements time resolved fluorescence measurement time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy time-resolved photoemissions time resolved photoemission time-resolved photoluminescence time resolved photoluminescence time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy time-resolved photoluminescence spectrum time resolved photoluminescence spectrum time-resolved pl measurement time resolved pl measurement time-resolved pl spectra time resolved pl spectra time-resolved spectroscopic studies time resolved spectroscopic study time-resolved spectroscopy time resolved spectroscopy time-reversal time reversal time-scale time scale time-scales time scale time-temperature history time temperature history time-temperature superposition principles time temperature superposition principle tin alloys tin alloy tin compounds tin compound tin dioxide nanoparticles tin dioxide nanoparticle tin disulfides tin disulfide tin gates tin gate tin nanoparticles tin nanoparticle tin oxide nanocrystals tin oxide nanocrystal tin oxide nanoparticles tin oxide nanoparticle tin oxides tin oxide tin-cobalt alloy tin cobalt alloy tio 2 tio2 tio 2 graphene tio2 graphene tio 2/graphene tio2 graphene tio 2 tio2 tio 2 nanotube tio2 nanotubes tio 2-graphene tio2 graphene tio 2-graphene nanocomposite tio 2 graphene nanocomposite tio(2) tio2 tio2 nanocrystals tio nanocrystal tio2 nanofibers tio nanofiber tio2 nanoparticles tio nanoparticle tio2 nanoparticles tio2 nanoparticle tio2 nanorods tio2 nanorod tio2 nanosheets tio2 nanosheet tio2 nanotube tio2 nanotubes tio2 nanotube arrays tio2 nanotube array tio2 nanotubes tio2 nanotubes tio2 nanowires tio2 nanowire tio2/graphene tio2 graphene tio2/graphene composites tio2/graphene composite tio2-graphene tio2 graphene tio2-graphene nanocomposite tio2 graphene nanocomposite tio2-rgo tio2 rgo tip enhanced raman spectroscopy (ters) tip enhanced raman spectroscopy tip radius tip radius tip-enhanced raman scattering tip enhanced raman scattering tip-enhanced raman scatterings tip enhanced raman scattering tip-enhanced raman spectroscopy tip enhanced raman spectroscopy tip-enhanced raman spectroscopy (ters) tip enhanced raman spectroscopy tip-induced tip induced tip-sample contact tip sample contact tip-sample distance tip sample distance tip-sample interaction tip sample interaction tips-pentacene tips pentacene tip-surface interaction tip surface interaction tissue culture plates tissue culture plate tissue engineering applications tissue engineering application tissue scaffolds tissue scaffold tissue-culture polystyrenes tissue culture polystyrene titanate coupling agents titanate coupling agent titanate nanotubes titanate nanotubes titanate/graphene oxide composites titanate/graphene oxide composite titania composites titania composite titania films titania film titania nano particle titania nanoparticle titania nanoparticles titania nanoparticle titania nano-particles titania nanoparticle titania nanostructures titania nanostructure titanium alloys titanium alloy titanium atoms titanium atom titanium castings titanium castings titanium compounds titanium compound titanium dioxide nanoparticles titanium dioxide nanoparticle titanium dioxide nanotubes titanium dioxide nanotubes titanium dioxide nanowires titanium dioxide nanowire titanium oxides titanium oxide titanium precursors titanium precursor titanium substrates titanium substrate titanium surfaces titanium surface titanium-decorated titanium decorated titanosilicates titanosilicate t-lymphocytes t lymphocyte tm modes tm mode t-matrix t matrix t-matrix method t matrix method tm-doped tm doped tm-doped fiber laser tm doped fiber laser tobacco mosaic virus tobacco mosaic virus tof sims tof sims tof-sims tof sims toll-like receptors toll like receptor toluene molecules toluene molecule toluene-water interface toluene water interface toluidines toluidine tomography, x-ray computed tomography, x ray computed tonsil derived mesenchymal stem cells tonsil derived mesenchymal stem cells tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells tonsil derived mesenchymal stem cell tools tools top down approaches top down approach top down process top down process top gates top gate top layers top layer top-down top down top-down approach top down approach top-down fabrication top down fabrication top-down methods top down method top-down process top down process top-gate top gate topographic features topographic feature topographic images topographic image topographical features topographical feature topography images topography image topological bands topological band topological changes topological change topological charges topological charge topological conditions topological condition topological defects topological defect topological effects topological effect topological features topological feature topological insulators topological insulator topological invariants topological invariants topological lines topological line topological materials topological material topological phasis topological phase topological phasis topological phase topological properties topological property topological states topological state topological transitions topological transition topological variations topological variation toroidal carbon nanotubes toroidal carbon nanotubes torsional deformations torsional deformation torsional springs torsional spring torsional stiffness torsional stiffness torsional stress torsional stress total emissions total emission total energies total energy total internal reflections total internal reflection total ionizing dose effects total ionizing dose effect total joint replacements total joint replacement total joint replacements total joint replacement total mass total mass total reflection x-ray fluorescence total reflection x ray fluorescence total scattering cross sections total scattering cross section total thermal conductivities total thermal conductivity total weight loss total weight loss total-energy calculations total energy calculation touch panel touch panels touch panels touch panels touch screen touch screens touch screen displays touch screen displays touch screens touch screens touch sensors touch sensor touching points touching point tough toughening toughening agents toughening agent toughening effects toughening effect toughening mechanisms toughening mechanism toughness toughness toxic chemicals toxic chemical toxic gas toxic gas toxic gas sensors toxic gas sensor toxic heavy metals toxic heavy metal toxic materials toxic material toxic organic compounds toxic organic compound toxic pollutants toxic pollutant toxic reagents toxic reagent toxic solvents toxic solvent toxicity analysis toxicity analysis toxicity assays toxicity assay toxicity mechanisms toxicity mechanism toxicity tests toxicity test toxicokinetics toxicokinetic toxicological effects toxicological effect toxin analysis toxin analysis toxins toxin toxins toxin toxoplasma gondii-specific igm toxoplasma gondii specific igm toy models toy model tpa cross sections tpa cross section trace amounts trace amounts trace analysis trace analysis trace concentrations trace concentration trace elements trace element trace heavy metals trace heavy metal trace levels trace level trace metal impurities trace metal impurity trace metal ions trace metal ion trace metals trace metal trace-level detection trace level detection track-etched membranes track etched membrane traction-separation relation traction separation relation trade shows trade shows traditional adsorbents traditional adsorbent traditional approaches traditional approach traditional materials traditional material traditional structures traditional structure traditional techniques traditional technique trajectories trajectory trametes tramete trans and cis isomers trans and cis isomers transceivers transceivers transcription factors transcription factor transducer elements transducer element transducer layers transducer layer transducers transducer transfer characteristics transfer characteristic transfer curves transfer curve transfer electrons transfer electron transfer functions transfer function transfer hydrogenations transfer hydrogenation transfer layers transfer layer transfer length methods transfer length method transfer lengths transfer length transfer matrix method (tmm) transfer matrix method transfer matrixes transfer matrix transfer mechanisms transfer mechanism transfer of charges transfer of charge transfer parameters transfer parameter transfer print transfer printing transfer process transfer process transfer properties transfer property transfer rates transfer rate transfer surfaces transfer surface transfer-doping transfer doping transfer-free transfer free transferred charges transferred charge transferrin receptors transferrin receptor transferrin receptors transferrin receptor transferring process transferring process transformation energies transformation energy transformation matrices transformation matrix transformation mechanisms transformation mechanism transformation optics transformation optic transformation process transformation process transformation-induced transformation induced transforming growth factors transforming growth factor transform-limited pulse transform limited pulse transient absorption measurements transient absorption measurement transient absorption spectroscopies transient absorption spectroscopy transient analysis transient analysis transient dynamics transient dynamic transient electric fields transient electric field transient electronics transient electronic transient photocurrents transient photocurrent transient plane source techniques transient plane source technique transient species transient specie transients transients transistor arrays transistor array transistor channels transistor channel transistor characteristics transistor characteristic transistor designs transistor design transistor parameters transistor parameter transistors transistor transit time devices transit time device transition dynamics transition dynamic transition elements transition element transition frequencies transition frequency transition layers transition layer transition matrix elements transition matrix element transition metal alloys transition metal alloy transition metal atoms transition metal atom transition metal catalysts transition metal catalyst transition metal cations transition metal cation transition metal chalcogenides transition metal chalcogenide transition metal clusters transition metal cluster transition metal compounds transition metal compound transition metal dichalcogenide (tmd) transition metal dichalcogenide transition metal dichalcogenides transition metal dichalcogenide transition metal elements transition metal element transition metal impurities transition metal impurity transition metal nitrides transition metal nitride transition metal oxide nanoparticles transition metal oxide nanoparticle transition metal oxides transition metal oxide transition metal phosphates transition metal phosphate transition metal sulfides transition metal sulfide transition metal surfaces transition metal surface transition metals transition metal transition moments transition moment transition probabilities transition probability transition process transition process transition regions transition region transition state theories transition state theory transition widths transition widths transition zones transition zone transitional metals transitional metal transition-edge sensors transition edge sensor transition-metal atoms transition metal atom transition-metal chalcogenides transition metal chalcogenide transition-metal clusters transition metal cluster transition-metal dichalcogenide transition metal dichalcogenide transition-metal dichalcogenides transition metal dichalcogenide transition-metal dimers transition metal dimer transition-metal oxides transition metal oxide transit-time transit time transit-time diodes transit time diode translational addition theorem translational addition theorems translational addition theorems translational addition theorems translational displacements translational displacement translational motions translational motion translocation process translocation process transmembrane receptors transmembrane receptors transmembranes transmembrane transmission channels transmission channel transmission characteristics transmission characteristic transmission coefficients transmission coefficient transmission distances transmission distance transmission electron microscope (tem) transmission electron microscopy transmission electron microscopes transmission electron microscopy transmission electron microscopy (tem) transmission electron microscopy transmission electron microscopy (tem) characterization transmission electron microscopy characterization transmission electron microscopy (tem) characterizations transmission electron microscopy characterization transmission electron microscopy images transmission electron microscopy image transmission electron microscopy tem transmission electron microscopy transmission electronic microscopies transmission electronic microscopy transmission electrons transmission electron transmission experiments transmission experiment transmission gaps transmission gap transmission line methods transmission line method transmission line model transmission line modeling transmission line models transmission line modeling transmission lines transmission line transmission loss transmission loss transmission measurements transmission measurement transmission peaks transmission peak transmission probabilities transmission probability transmission profiles transmission profile transmission rates transmission rate transmission spectra transmission spectrums transmission spectrum transmission spectrums transmission spectrums transmission spectrums transmission zones transmission zone transmissions transmission transmittance measurements transmittance measurement transmittance spectroscopies transmittance spectroscopy transmitted waves transmitted wave transmitters transmitters transparency properties transparency property transparent and conductive films transparent and flexible devices transparent and flexible device transparent anodes transparent anode transparent coatings transparent coating transparent conducting electrodes transparent conducting electrode transparent conducting films transparent conducting film transparent conducting materials transparent conducting material transparent conducting oxide electrodes transparent conducting oxide electrode transparent conductive coatings transparent conductive coating transparent conductive electrodes transparent conductive electrode transparent conductive film (tcf) transparent conductive film transparent conductive films transparent conductive film transparent conductive materials transparent conductive material transparent conductive oxides transparent conductive oxide transparent conductive thin films transparent conductive thin film transparent conductor transparent conductors transparent conductors transparent conductors transparent counter electrodes transparent counter electrode transparent devices transparent device transparent electrode materials transparent electrode material transparent electrodes transparent electrode transparent electronics transparent electronic transparent films transparent film transparent materials transparent material transparent metals transparent metal transparent nanocomposites transparent nanocomposite transparent optical networks transparent optical network transparent polyimides transparent polyimide transparent properties transparent property transparent sheets transparent sheet transparent surfaces transparent surface transparent thin films transparent thin film trans-polyacetylene trans polyacetylene transport analysis transport analysis transport and diffusions transport and diffusion transport behaviour transport behavior transport calculations transport calculation transport characteristics transport characteristic transport charges transport charge transport cross-section transport cross section transport currents transport current transport enhancements transport enhancements transport experiments transport experiment transport kinetics transport kinetic transport layers transport layer transport materials transport material transport measurements transport measurement transport mechanisms transport mechanism transport model transport modeling transport models transport modeling transport modes transport mode transport of carriers transport of carriers transport parameters transport parameter transport pathways transport pathways transport problems transport problem transport process transport process transport properties transport property transportation process transportation process transportation properties transportation property transporters transporters transversal directions transversal direction transverse acoustic modes transverse acoustic mode transverse acoustic phonons transverse acoustic phonon transverse currents transverse current transverse dimensions transverse dimension transverse directions transverse direction transverse displacements transverse displacement transverse electric modes transverse electric mode transverse electric waves transverse electric wave transverse electrics transverse electrics transverse magnetic modes transverse magnetic mode transverse optical modes transverse optical mode transverse optical phonons transverse optical phonon transverse resonances transverse resonance transverse shear effects transverse shear effect transverse shear strains transverse shear strains transverse vibrations transverse vibration transverse waves transverse wave trap levels trap level trap sites trap site trapped electrons trapped electron trapping centers trapping center trapping effects trapping effect trapping sites trapping site traps traps traveling wave antennas traveling wave antenna traveling wave tubes traveling wave tube treatment conditions treatment condition treatment methods treatment method treatment process treatment process treatment techniques treatment technique trees tree trends trends tri layers tri layer triacylglycerols triacylglycerol triangular holes triangular hole triangular shapes triangular shape triangular structures triangular structure triazine herbicides triazine herbicide triazines triazine triazole fungicides triazole fungicide triazoles triazole triblock copolymers triblock copolymer tribo-chemistry tribo chemistry tribo-electric generator tribo electric generator triboelectric nanogenerators triboelectric nanogenerator tribofilms tribofilm tribological applications tribological application tribological behaviors tribological behavior tribological behaviour tribological behavior tribological characteristics tribological characteristic tribological coatings tribological coating tribological investigations tribological investigation tribological properties tribological property tribological tests tribological test tribometers tribometers trichlorosilanes trichlorosilane tridiagonal matrices tridiagonal matrix tridodecylmethylammonium chlorides tridodecylmethylammonium chloride triethanolamines triethanolamine triethylamines triethylamine trihalomethanes trihalomethane trilayer heterostructures trilayer heterostructure trilayers trilayer trioctylphosphines trioctylphosphine triodes triode triphenyl amines triphenyl amine triphenyl phosphines triphenyl phosphine triphenylene derivatives triphenylene derivative triphenylenes triphenylene triple points triple point triple wavelengths triple wavelength triplet states triplet state tris(2,2' bipyridine)ruthenium ii tris(2,2' bipyridine)ruthenium tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium ii tris(2,2' bipyridine)ruthenium tris-hcl buffer solution tris hcl buffer solution trisodium citrates trisodium citrate triton x-100 triton x 100 trivalent lanthanides trivalent lanthanide truss elements truss element trusses trusse tryptamines tryptamine tryptophan enantiomers tryptophan enantiomers t-shaped t shaped t-shaped gate t shaped gate tube diameters tube diameter tube furnaces tube furnace tube structures tube structure tube walls tube walls tube-like tube like tuberculosis tuberculosis tubular steel structures tubular steel structure tubular structures tubular structure tumor tumors tumor angiogenesis tumor angiogeneis tumor biomarkers tumor biomarkers tumor cell tumor cells tumor cells tumor cells tumor markers tumor marker tumor necrosis factors tumor necrosis factor tumor tissues tumor tissue tumors tumors tunabilities tunability tunable band gaps tunable band gap tunable band-gap tunable band gap tunable band-pass filters tunable band pass filter tunable dielectric properties tunable dielectric property tunable electronic properties tunable electronic property tunable emissions tunable emission tunable energy gaps tunable energy gap tunable filters tunable filter tunable frequency selective surfaces tunable frequency selective surface tunable luminescences tunable luminescence tunable materials tunable material tunable metamaterials tunable metamaterial tunable microwave devices tunable microwave device tunable morphologies tunable morphology tunable optical filters tunable optical filter tunable optical properties tunable optical property tunable photodetectors tunable photodetectors tunable photonic devices tunable photonic device tunable polarities tunable polarity tunable properties tunable property tunable resonances tunable resonance tunable sensors tunable sensor tunable wave-guides tunable wave guide tunable wettabilities tunable wettability tuneable catalysis tuneable catalysis tuneable microwave devices tuneable microwave device tungsten (w) tungsten tungsten compounds tungsten compound tungsten oxide films tungsten oxide film tungsten oxide nanowires tungsten oxide nanowire tungsten oxides tungsten oxide tuning forks tuning forks tuning properties tuning property tuning ranges tuning range tunnel barrier materials tunnel barrier material tunnel contacts tunnel contact tunnel currents tunnel current tunnel diodes tunnel diode tunnel fet tunnel fets tunnel fets tunnel fets tunnel field effect transistor (tfet) tunnel field effect transistor tunnel field effect transistors (tfet) tunnel field effect transistor tunnel field-effect transistor (tfet) tunnel field effect transistor tunnel field-effect transistors tunnel field effect transistor tunnel field-effect transistors (tfet) tunnel field effect transistor tunnel junctions tunnel junction tunnel oxide thickness tunnel oxide thickness tunnel transistors tunnel transistor tunneling , tunneling tunneling barrier heights tunneling barrier height tunneling barriers tunneling barrier tunneling characteristics tunneling characteristic tunneling currents tunneling current tunneling dielectrics tunneling dielectric tunneling diodes tunneling diode tunneling effects tunneling effect tunneling electrons tunneling electron tunneling fets tunneling fet tunneling fets tunneling fet tunneling field-effect transistors tunneling field effect transistor tunneling gaps tunneling gap tunneling junctions tunneling junction tunneling microscopes tunneling microscopy tunneling mode tunneling model tunneling models tunneling model tunneling modes tunneling model tunneling probabilities tunneling probability tunneling process tunneling process tunneling properties tunneling property tunneling resonances tunneling resonance tunneling transistors tunneling transistor tunneling transports tunneling transport tunnels tunnels turbomachine blades turbomachine blade turn offs turn offs turning points turning point turn-on electric field turn on electric field turn-on field turn on field turn-on voltages turn on voltage twcnts twcnts tween-20 tween 20 twin boundaries twin boundary twin screw extruders twin screw extruders twist angles twist angle twisted bilayer grapheme twisted bilayer graphene twisted bilayers twisted bilayer two bands two band two beams two beam two component systems two component system two components two component two different wavelengths two different wavelength two dimensional (2d) two dimensional (2d) two dimensional analysis two dimensional analysis two dimensional channels two dimensional channel two dimensional electron gas two dimensional electron gas two dimensional electron gas (2deg) two dimensional electron gas two dimensional electronic system two dimensional electron system two dimensional electrons two dimensional electron two dimensional gas two dimensional gas two dimensional materials two dimensional material two dimensional model two dimensional modeling two dimensional nanosheets two dimensional nanosheet two dimensional spaces two dimensional space two dimensions (2d) two dimensional (2 d) two directions two direction two domains two domains two electrode cells two electrode cell two electrode cells two electrode cell two electrodes two electrode two electron process two electron process two electron transfer process two electron transfer process two gaps two gap two layers two layer two photon absorption (2pa) two photon absorption two photon processes two photon process two plates two plate two step hydrothermal process two step hydrothermal process two step process two step process two step synthesis two step synthesis two terminals two terminals two types two type two ways two ways two-band two band two-band model two band model two-beam laser interference two beam laser interference two-channel two channel two-color two color two-component two component two-dimension two dimension two-dimensional two dimensional two-dimensional (2d) two dimensional (2d) two-dimensional (2d) crystals two dimensional (2d) crystal two-dimensional (2d) materials two dimensional (2d) material two-dimensional analysis two dimensional analysis two-dimensional arrays two dimensional arrays two-dimensional assemblies two dimensional assembly two-dimensional atomic crystal two dimensional atomic crystal two-dimensional atomic crystals two dimensional atomic crystal two-dimensional conductivity two dimensional conductivity two-dimensional conductors two dimensional conductor two-dimensional crystal two dimensional crystal two-dimensional crystals two dimensional crystal two-dimensional domain two dimensional domain two-dimensional electron gas two dimensional electron gas two-dimensional electron gas (2deg) two dimensional electron gas two-dimensional electron system two dimensional electron system two-dimensional electron systems two dimensional electron system two-dimensional electronic systems two dimensional electron system two-dimensional electrons two dimensional electron two-dimensional features two dimensional feature two-dimensional flow two dimensional flow two-dimensional gas two dimensional gas two-dimensional geometry two dimensional geometry two-dimensional graphite two dimensional graphite two-dimensional growth two dimensional growth two-dimensional hydrogen atoms two dimensional hydrogen atom two-dimensional interfaces two dimensional interface two-dimensional lattices two dimensional lattice two-dimensional layered structures two dimensional layered structure two-dimensional map two dimensional map two-dimensional material two dimensional material two-dimensional materials two dimensional material two-dimensional membranes two dimensional membrane two-dimensional metals two dimensional metal two-dimensional modeling two dimensional modeling two-dimensional nanocomposites two dimensional nanocomposite two-dimensional nanomaterial two dimensional nanomaterial two-dimensional nanomaterials two dimensional nanomaterial two-dimensional nanosheets two dimensional nanosheet two-dimensional nanostructure two dimensional nanostructure two-dimensional nanostructures two dimensional nanostructure two-dimensional networks two dimensional network two-dimensional objects two dimensional object two-dimensional patterns two dimensional pattern two-dimensional periodic arrays two dimensional periodic array two-dimensional periodic structures two dimensional periodic structure two-dimensional photonic crystals two dimensional photonic crystal two-dimensional planes two dimensional plane two-dimensional plasma two dimensional plasma two-dimensional polymers two dimensional polymer two-dimensional semiconductors two dimensional semiconductor two-dimensional simulations two dimensional simulation two-dimensional structures two dimensional structure two-dimensional superlattices two dimensional superlattice two-dimensional surface two dimensional surface two-dimensional systems two dimensional system two-dimensional transport two dimensional transport two-electrode cell two electrode cell two-electrode systems two electrode system two-electron process two electron process two-electron redox two electron redox two-electron reduction two electron reduction two-electron transfer two electron transfer two-electron-transfer process two electron transfer process two-fluid two fluid two-layer two layer two-layer structures two layer structure two-level atom two level atom two-line two line two-materials two material two-phase two phase two-phase extraction two phase extraction two-photon absorption two photon absorption two-photon absorptions two photon absorption two-photon excitation two photon excitation two-photon excitations two photon excitation two-photon luminescence two photon luminescence two-photon photoemission two photon photoemission two-point two point two-regime two regime two-roll mill two roll mill two-sided coatings two sided coating two-state two state two-step annealing two step annealing two-step approach two step approach two-step electrodepositions two step electrodeposition two-step growth two step growth two-step heat treatment two step heat treatment two-step hydrothermal method two step hydrothermal method two-step hydrothermal process two step hydrothermal process two-step mechanisms two step mechanism two-step procedure two step procedure two-step process two step process two-step reactions two step reaction two-step reduction two step reduction two-step synthesis two step synthesis two-temperature two temperature two-temperature-zone two temperature zone two-terminal conductance two terminal conductance two-terminal devices two terminal device two-terminal nanoscale two terminal nanoscale two-terminal transport two terminal transport type 2 diabetes type 2 diabetes type ii band alignments type ii band alignment type structures type structure type-2 diabetes type 2 diabetes typical values typical value tyrosinase biosensors tyrosinase biosensor uhv chambers uhv chambers uhv-stm uhv stm ulsi circuits ulsi circuit ultimate stress ultimate stress ultra high stiffness ultra high stiffness ultra low temperatures ultra low temperature ultra sensitives ultra sensitive ultra violet-visible ultra violet visible ultra wideband (uwb) ultra wideband ultra-broadband ultra broadband ultra-broadband communications ultra broadband communication ultracapacitors ultracapacitor ultra-cold ultra cold ultracold atoms ultracold atom ultra-efficient ultra efficient ultra-fast ultra fast ultrafast carrier dynamics ultrafast carrier dynamic ultrafast carriers ultrafast carriers ultrafast dynamics ultrafast dynamic ultra-fast dynamics ultra fast dynamic ultrafast fiber lasers ultrafast fiber laser ultra-fast laser ultra fast laser ultrafast laser systems ultrafast laser system ultrafast lasers ultrafast laser ultrafast measurements ultrafast measurement ultrafast optics ultrafast optic ultrafast optoelectronics ultrafast optoelectronic ultra-fast photonics ultra fast photonic ultrafast process ultrafast process ultra-fast pulse generation ultra fast pulse generation ultrafast pulsed lasers ultrafast pulsed laser ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy ultrafast pump probe spectroscopy ultrafast relaxation dynamics ultrafast relaxation dynamic ultrafast relaxations ultrafast relaxation ultra-fast response time ultra fast response time ultra-fast spectroscopies ultra fast spectroscopy ultrafiltration membranes ultrafiltration membrane ultra-filtration membranes ultra filtration membrane ultrafine nanocrystals ultrafine nanocrystal ultra-fine nanoparticles ultra fine nanoparticle ultrafine particle sizes ultrafine particle size ultrafine-grained metals ultrafine grained metal ultra-high ultra high ultra-high electric fields ultra high electric field ultra-high energies ultra high energy ultra-high frequency ultra high frequency ultra-high magnetic fields ultra high magnetic field ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene ultra high molecular weight polyethylene ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene ultra-high performance ultra high performance ultra-high performance liquid chromatographies ultra high performance liquid chromatography ultra-high rate performance ultra high rate performance ultra-high stiffness ultra high stiffness ultra-high vacuum chamber ultra high vacuum chamber ultrahigh vacuum conditions ultrahigh vacuum condition ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopies ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy ultra-high-frequency ultra high frequency ultra-high-sensitivity ultra high sensitivity ultrahigh-thermal-conductivity ultrahigh thermal conductivity ultra-high-vacuum systems ultra high vacuum system ultra-light ultra light ultralight materials ultralight material ultra-low densities ultra low density ultralow density materials ultralow density material ultra-low friction ultra low friction ultra-low power ultra low power ultra-low-voltage ultra low voltage ultramicroelectrode arrays ultramicroelectrode array ultramicroelectrodes ultramicroelectrode ultra-nanocrystalline diamond ultra nanocrystalline diamond ultrananocrystalline diamonds ultrananocrystalline diamonds ultra-precision machining ultra precision machining ultra-pure water ultra pure water ultrasensitive sensors ultrasensitive sensor ultrashort pulses ultrashort pulse ultra-small ultra small ultrasoft pseudopotentials ultrasoft pseudopotential ultrasonic ultrasonics ultrasonic applications ultrasonic application ultrasonic effects ultrasonic effect ultrasonic frequencies ultrasonic frequency ultrasonic methods ultrasonic method ultrasonic oscillations ultrasonic oscillation ultrasonic process ultrasonic process ultrasonic spray pyrolysis ultrasonic spray pyrolysis ultrasonic synthesis ultrasonic synthesis ultrasonic transducers ultrasonic transducer ultrasonic treatments ultrasonic treatment ultrasonic waves ultrasonic wave ultra-sonication ultra sonication ultrasonics ultrasonics ultrasound transducers ultrasound transducer ultrasound treatments ultrasound treatment ultrastrong fields ultrastrong field ultra-thin ultra thin ultrathin dielectrics ultrathin dielectric ultrathin films ultrathin film ultrathin interlayers ultrathin interlayer ultrathin layers ultrathin layer ultra-thin membranes ultra thin membrane ultrathin nanosheets ultrathin nanosheet ultrathin nanowires ultrathin nanowire ultra-thin oxide films ultra thin oxide film ultra-thin oxide layers ultra thin oxide layer ultra-thin polymer films ultra thin polymer film ultrathin sheets ultrathin sheet ultra-thin structures ultra thin structure ultratraces ultratrace ultra-violet ultra violet ultraviolet detection ultraviolet detectors ultraviolet detectors ultraviolet detectors ultraviolet devices ultraviolet device ultraviolet irradiations ultraviolet irradiation ultraviolet lasers ultraviolet laser ultra-violet light ultra violet light ultraviolet light emitting diodes ultraviolet light emitting diode ultraviolet light-emitting diodes ultraviolet light emitting diode ultraviolet lights ultraviolet lights ultra-violet photodetectors ultra violet photodetector ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (ups) ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy ultraviolet protection factors ultraviolet protection factor ultraviolet pulsed lasers ultraviolet pulsed laser ultraviolet rays ultraviolet rays ultraviolet resistances ultraviolet resistance ultraviolet sensors ultraviolet sensor ultraviolet-ozone ultraviolet ozone ultraviolet-ozone treatment ultraviolet ozone treatment ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum ultraviolet-visible spectra ultraviolet visible spectra ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies ultraviolet visible spectroscopy ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy ultraviolet visible spectroscopy ultra-wide ultra wide ultra-wideband (uwb) ultra wideband ultra-wideband operation ultra wideband operation umklapp process umklapp process unburned carbons unburned carbon uncapped surfaces uncapped surface uncertainty analysis uncertainty analysis uncertainty principles uncertainty principle unconventional superconductors unconventional superconductors under pulsed excitations under pulsed excitation underlayers underlayer underlying layers underlying layer underlying principles underlying principle underwater acoustics underwater acoustic undesirable effects undesirable effect undoped layers undoped layer undoped systems undoped system unfilled polymers unfilled polymer unfolding process unfolding process uni axial strains uni axial strains uni-axial compression uni axial compression uni-axial loading uni axial loading uniaxial pressures uniaxial pressure uni-axial strains uni axial strain uniaxial stress uniaxial stress uni-axial stretch uni axial stretch uniaxial tensions uniaxial tension unidirectional composites unidirectional composite unidirectional fiber composites unidirectional fiber composite uniform dispersions uniform dispersion uniform electric fields uniform electric field uniform fields uniform field uniform films uniform film uniform loads uniform load uniform magnetic fields uniform magnetic field uniform mesopores uniform mesopore uniform mixtures uniform mixture uniform-sized uniform sized uninterruptible power systems uninterruptible power system unique features unique feature unique morphologies unique morphology unit cells unit cells unitary transformations unitary transformation unit-cell dimensions unit cell dimension unit-cell model unit cell model united atoms united atom united nations united nation united states united state universal behaviors universal behavior universal conductance fluctuations universal conductance fluctuation universal functions universal function universal properties universal property universal testing machines universal testing machine universality class universality class unpaired electrons unpaired electron unrestricted hartree-fock unrestricted hartree fock unsaturated alcohols unsaturated alcohol unsaturated compounds unsaturated compound unsaturated fatty acids unsaturated fatty acid unsaturated hydrocarbons unsaturated hydrocarbon unsolved problems unsolved problem unusual behaviors unusual behavior up-conversion up conversion up-conversion emission up conversion emission up-conversion luminescence up conversion luminescence upconversion nanocrystals upconversion nanocrystal upconversion nanoparticles upconversion nanoparticle upper critical and irreversibility fields upper critical and irreversibility field upper critical fields upper critical field upper limits upper limit ups ups uranium (vi) uranium(vi) uranium alloys uranium alloy uranium compounds uranium compound uranyl ions uranyl ion urchin-like urchin like urea biosensors urea biosensor urea electrodes urea electrode urea formaldehyde resins urea formaldehyde resin urea solutions urea solution uric acids uric acid urinalysis urinalysis urine analysis urine analysis useful properties useful property user interfaces user interface u-shaped u shaped uterine cervical neoplasms uterine cervical uv- and uv and uv detector uv detection uv emissions uv emission uv illuminations uv illumination uv lasers uv laser uv photodetector uv photodetectors uv photodetectors uv photodetectors uv vis uv vis uv vis absorbance uv visible absorbance uv vis absorption uv visible absorption uv vis absorption spectra uv visible absorption spectra uv vis absorption spectroscopy uv visible absorption spectroscopy uv vis and fluorescence spectra uv visible and fluorescence spectra uv vis diffuse reflectance uv visible diffuse reflectance uv vis diffuse reflectance spectra uv visible diffuse reflectance spectra uv vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy uv visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy uv vis diffuse reflectance spectrum uv visible diffuse reflectance spectrum uv vis drs uv visible drs uv vis drs uv visible drs uv vis light uv visible light uv vis nir uv visible nir uv vis nir absorption uv visible nir absorption uv vis nir spectroscopy uv visible nir spectroscopy uv vis spectra uv visible spectra uv vis spectrometer uv visible spectrometer uv vis spectrometry uv visible spectrometry uv vis spectrophotometry uv visible spectrophotometry uv vis spectroscopic technique uv visible spectroscopic technique uv vis spectroscopy uv visible spectroscopy uv vis spectrum uv visible spectrum uv/ vis spectroscopy uv visible spectroscopy uv/ozone uv ozone uv/ozone treatment uv ozone treatment uv/vis spectrophotometry uv visible spectrophotometry uv/vis spectroscopy uv visible spectroscopy uv/visible spectroscopy uv visible spectroscopy uv-curable uv curable uv-curing uv curing uv-light uv light uv-light illumination uv light illumination uv-light irradiation uv light irradiation uv-ozone treatment uv ozone treatment uv-raman spectroscopy uv raman spectroscopy uv-vis uv vis uv-vis absorbance uv visible absorbance uv-vis absorption uv visible absorption uv-vis absorption spectra uv visible absorption spectra uv-vis absorption spectroscopy uv visible absorption spectroscopy uv-vis absorptions uv visible absorption uv-vis and fluorescence spectra uv visible and fluorescence spectra uv-vis diffuse reflectance spectra uv visible diffuse reflectance spectra uv-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy uv visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy uv-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum uv visible diffuse reflectance spectrum uv-vis drs uv visible drs uv-vis light uv visible light uv-vis spectra uv visible spectra uv-vis spectrometer uv visible spectrometer uv-vis spectrometry uv visible spectrometry uv-vis spectrophotometers uv visible spectrophotometry uv-vis spectrophotometry uv visible spectrophotometry uv-vis spectroscopic techniques uv visible spectroscopic technique uv-vis spectroscopy uv visible spectroscopy uv-vis spectrum uv visible spectrum uv-vis-diffuse reflectance uv visible diffuse reflectance uv-vis-drs uv visible drs uv-visible uv visible uv-visible absorption uv visible absorption uv-visible absorption spectroscopy uv visible absorption spectroscopy uv-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy uv visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy uv-visible light irradiations uv visible light irradiation uv-visible spectra uv visible spectra uv-visible spectrometers uv visible spectrometer uv-visible spectrophotometer uv visible spectrophotometer uv-visible spectrophotometry uv visible spectrophotometry uv-visible spectroscopy uv visible spectroscopy uv-vis-nir uv visible nir uv-vis-nir absorption uv visible nir absorption uv-vis-nir spectroscopy uv visible nir spectroscopy v adatoms v adatom vacancies vacancy vacancy complexes vacancy complex vacancy defects vacancy defect vacancy formation energies vacancy formation energy vacancy islands vacancy islands vacancy sites vacancy site vacancy structures vacancy structure vacancy-like defects vacancy like defect vacancy-type defects vacancy type defect vacant sites vacant site vaccine vacuum vaccines vacuum vacuum applications vacuum application vacuum arc discharges vacuum arc discharge vacuum arcs vacuum arcs vacuum chambers vacuum chambers vacuum electronic devices vacuum electronic device vacuum electronics vacuum electronic vacuum fluctuations vacuum fluctuation vacuum furnaces vacuum furnace vacuum microelectronics vacuum microelectronic vacuum nanoelectronics vacuum nanoelectronic vacuum ovens vacuum ovens vacuum ultraviolets vacuum ultraviolets vacuum-annealing vacuum annealing valance band valence band valance bands valence band valence band edges valence band edge valence band offsets valence band offset valence bands valence band valence bonds valence bond valence electron structure valence electronic structure valence force fields valence force field valence orbitals valence orbital valence-band maximums valence band maximum valence-bond theory valence bond theory valence-force field model valence force field model valencies valency validation process validation process validation results validation result valleytronics valleytronics valuable chemicals valuable chemical value added products value added product value-added chemicals value added chemical van der pauw van der pauw method van der waal van der waals van der waals van der waals van der waals bonds van der waals bond van der waals crystals van der waals crystal van der waals energies van der waals energy van der waals forces van der waals force van der waals heterostructures van der waals heterostructure van der waals interactions van der waals interaction van der waals materials van der waals material van der waals potentials van der waals potential van der walls interactions van der walls interaction van hove singularities van hove singularity vanadates vanadate vanadium alloys vanadium alloy vanadium compounds vanadium compound vanadium nitrides vanadium nitride vanadium oxide nanowires vanadium oxide nanowire vanadium oxides vanadium oxide vanadium permeabilities vanadium permeability vanadium phosphates vanadium phosphate vanadium redox flow batteries vanadium redox flow battery vapor grown carbon nanofibers vapor grown carbon nanofiber vapor molecules vapor molecule vapor sensors vapor sensor vapor-deposition techniques vapor deposition technique vapor-liquid-solid growth vapor liquid solid growth vapor-liquid-solid mechanism vapor liquid solid mechanism vapor-liquid-solid methods vapor liquid solid method vapor-liquid-solid techniques vapor liquid solid technique vapor-phase polymerization vapor phase polymerization vapors vapor vapour-phase vapour phase varactor varactors varactors varactors variable frequency oscillators variable frequency oscillators variable optical attenuators variable optical attenuators variable resistors variable resistors variable temperatures variable temperature variable thickness variable thickness variable-range hopping variable range hopping variable-range hopping conduction variable range hopping conduction variational approaches variational approach variational principles variational principle variational techniques variational technique various boundary conditions various boundary condition various densities various density various illumination conditions various illumination condition various model parameters various model parameter various spectroscopic methods various spectroscopic method various substrates various substrate varistors varistors varying parameters varying parameter varying thickness varying thickness vascular endothelial growth factor a vascular endothelial growth factor vasculotropin a vasculotropin vector network analysis vector network analyzers vector network analysis vector network analyzers vector network analyzers vector network analyzers vector spaces vector space vectors vectors vegetable oils vegetable oils vegetable samples vegetable sample vegetables vegetable vehicle applications vehicle application vehicle structures vehicle structure vehicles vehicle velocity autocorrelation functions velocity autocorrelation function velocity fluctuations velocity fluctuation velocity profiles velocity profile velocity saturation regions velocity saturation region velocity-field characteristics velocity field characteristic verification process verification process verilog-a verilog a vero cells vero cells versatile methods versatile method versatile tools versatile tools vertical devices vertical device vertical displacements vertical displacement vertical electric fields vertical electric field vertical field effect transistors vertical field effect transistor vertical fields vertical field vertical graphene nanosheets vertical graphene nanosheet vertical light-emitting diodes vertical light emitting diode vertical nanowires vertical nanowire vertical positions vertical position vertical stacks vertical stack vertical structures vertical structure vertical transistors vertical transistor vertical transports vertical transport vertically aligned carbon nanofibers vertically aligned carbon nanofiber vertically aligned carbon nanotubes vertically aligned carbon nanotube vertically aligned cnt arrays vertically aligned cnt array vertically aligned nanowires vertically aligned nanowire very high energies very high energy very low energy electrons very low energy electron very low temperatures very low temperature very thin films very thin film very-large-scale integration very large scale integration vesicles vesicle vfas vfas viable solutions viable solution vibrating conveyors vibrating conveyors vibrating molecules vibrating molecule vibrating sample magnetometry vibrating sample magnetometer vibration analysis vibration analysis vibration and waves vibration and wave vibration characteristics vibration characteristic vibration modes vibration mode vibration properties vibration property vibration sample magnetometers vibration sample magnetometers vibrational analysis vibrational analysis vibrational bands vibrational band vibrational density of states vibrational density of state vibrational dynamics vibrational dynamic vibrational eigenmodes vibrational eigenmode vibrational energies vibrational energy vibrational features vibrational feature vibrational frequencies vibrational frequency vibrational frequency analysis vibrational frequency analysis vibrational modes vibrational mode vibrational motions vibrational motion vibrational properties vibrational property vibrational sum-frequency generations vibrational sum frequency generation vibration-based energy harvesting vibration based energy harvesting vibrations vibration vibrio alginolyticus vibrio alginolyticus vibrio parahaemolyticus vibrio parahaemolyticus vicinal diols vicinal diols vickers hardness vickers hardness vienna ab-initio simulation packages vienna ab initio simulation package vinyl acetates vinyl acetate vinyl chlorides vinyl chloride vinyl esters vinyl ester vinyl monomers vinyl monomer vinyl resins vinyl resin vinyl-benzyl chlorides vinyl benzyl chloride viologen viologens viologens viologens viral proteins viral protein virtual experiments virtual experiment virtual particles virtual particle virtual sources virtual source virtual substrates virtual substrate virus virus viruses virus visceral leishmaniasis visceral leishmaniasis viscoelastic behaviors viscoelastic behavior visco-elastic behaviors visco elastic behaviour visco-elastic mediums visco elastic medium visco-elastic parameters visco elastic parameter viscoelastic properties viscoelastic property viscometers viscometry viscometers viscometry visco-pasternak foundation visco pasternak foundation visco-pasternak medium visco pasternak medium viscosity and viscoelasticities viscosity and viscoelasticity visible frequencies visible frequency visible light active photocatalysts visible light active photocatalyst visible light driven photocatalysts visible light driven photocatalyst visible light photocatalysis visible light photocatalysis visible light photocatalytic visible light photocatalyst visible light responsive visible light response visible light transmittances visible light transmittance visible ranges visible range visible spectra visible spectrum visible spectral regions visible spectral region visible spectrometers visible spectrometers visible wavelengths visible wavelength visible-infrared region visible infrared region visible-light visible light visible-light absorbance visible light absorbance visible-light activity visible light activity visible-light irradiation visible light irradiation visible-light photocatalysis visible light photocatalysis visible-light photocatalysts visible light photocatalyst visible-light photocatalytic activities visible light photocatalytic activity visible-light photocatalytic activity visible light photocatalytic activity visible-light response visible light response visible-light responsive photocatalysts visible light responsive photocatalyst visible-light-active photocatalyst visible light active photocatalyst visible-light-driven visible light driven visible-light-driven photocatalyst visible light driven photocatalyst visible-light-driven photocatalysts visible light driven photocatalyst visible-light-responsive visible light response visible-near infrared spectroscopy visible near infrared spectroscopy visible-photocatalytic activities visible photocatalytic activity visible-wavelength range visible wavelength range visual analysis visual analysis vitamin-e vitamin e vitamins vitamins vlsi circuits vlsi circuit vlsi interconnects vlsi interconnects void defects void defect volatile aromatic compounds volatile aromatic compound volatile components volatile component volatile degradation products volatile degradation product volatile fatty acids volatile fatty acid volatile organic compound (voc) volatile organic compound volatile organic compounds volatile organic compound volatile organic solvents volatile organic solvent volatile products volatile product volatile solvents volatile solvent volcano plots volcano plot volcano plots volcano plot volcanoes volcano volmer-weber growth mode volmer weber growth mode voltage amplifiers voltage amplifier voltage bias voltage bias voltage biasing voltage bias voltage characteristics voltage characteristic voltage dividers voltage dividers voltage generations voltage generation voltage hysteresis voltage hysteresis voltage levels voltage level voltage probes voltage probe voltage ranges voltage range voltage regulators voltage regulators voltage swings voltage swings voltage-controlled voltage controlled voltage-dependent conductance voltage dependent conductance voltage-tunable voltage tunable voltammetric analysis voltammetric analysis voltammetric behaviors voltammetric behavior voltammetric currents voltammetric current voltammetric experiments voltammetric experiment voltammetric measurements voltammetric measurement voltammetric methods voltammetric method voltammetric profiles voltammetric profile voltammetric sensors voltammetric sensor voltammetric signals voltammetric signal voltammetric studies voltammetric study voltammetric techniques voltammetric technique voltammetry measurements voltammetry measurement voltammograms voltammograms volume bragg grating (vbg) volume bragg grating volume bragg gratings volume bragg grating volume bragggrating volume bragg grating volume fluctuations volume fluctuation volume loadings volume loadings volume reductions volume reduction volumetric analysis volumetric analysis volumetric changes volumetric change volumetric energy densities volumetric energy density volumetric methods volumetric method von karman equations von karman equation von mises stress von mises stress vortex configurations vortex configuration vpr gene products, human immunodeficiency virus vpr gene product, human immunodeficiency virus v-shape v shape v-shaped notch v shaped notch vulcan carbons vulcan carbon vulcanizates vulcanizate vulcanization agents vulcanization agent vulcanization kinetics vulcanization kinetic vulcanization process vulcanization process vulgaris vulgaris wafer sizes wafer size wafer-scale wafer scale wafer-scale integration wafer scale integration wafer-scale processing wafer scale processing wakes wake walking devices walking device wall surfaces wall surface wall temperatures wall temperature wall thickness wall thickness wannier functions wannier function wannier-stark ladder wannier stark ladder ward identities ward identity warfare agents warfare agent warping effects warping effect wart virus wart virus washing procedures washing procedure washing process washing process washing steps washing step waste waters waste water wastes waste wastewater waste water wastewater treatment process wastewater treatment process water adsorptions water adsorption water analysis water analysis water and soil samples water and soil sample water and wastewater treatment wastewater treatment water and wastewater treatments wastewater treatment water barrier properties water barrier property water baths water baths water channels water channel water concentrations water concentration water contact angle (wca) water contact angle water contaminants water contaminants water disinfections water disinfection water droplets water droplets water electrolysis water electrolysis water environments water environment water ethanol mixtures water ethanol mixture water filters water filter water flows water flow water hardness water hardness water in oil emulsions water in oil emulsion water interactions water interaction water layers water layer water meniscus water meniscus water models water model water nanodroplets water nanodroplets water oxidation catalysts water oxidation catalyst water penetration depths water penetration depths water pollutants water pollutant water resources water resource water retention properties water retention property water sample water sampling water samples water sampling water slabs water slabs water solubilities water solubility water solutions water solution water splitting reactions water splitting reaction water suspensions water suspension water temperatures water temperature water treatment plants water treatment plants water treatment process water treatment process water treatment systems water treatment system water treatment technologies water treatment technology water vapor barriers water vapor barrier water/methanol mixture water methanol mixture water/oil interface water oil interface water/oil interfaces water oil interface water-air interface water air interface water-alcohol mixtures water alcohol mixture water-based lubricants water based lubricant water-based methods water based method water-based solutions water based solution water-borne water borne waterborne epoxy coatings waterborne epoxy coating water-borne pathogens water borne pathogen water-borne polyurethane water borne polyurethane waterborne polyurethanes waterborne polyurethane water-carbon interactions water carbon interaction water-dispersed water dispersed water-dispersible water dispersible water-ethanol water ethanol water-in-oil water in oil water-methanol mixtures water methanol mixture water-resistances water resistance water-soluble water soluble water-soluble conjugated polymer water soluble conjugated polymer water-soluble conjugated polymers water soluble conjugated polymer water-soluble dye water soluble dye watersoluble polymers wateroluble polymer water-splitting water splitting water-water interactions water water interaction waterworks waterwork wave absorbing materials wave absorbing material wave characteristics wave characteristic wave equations wave equation wave filters wave filter wave forms wave form wave functions wave function wave guiding waveguide wave numbers wave number wave packets wave packets wave plasma interactions wave plasma interaction wave propagation characteristics wave propagation characteristic wave propagation models wave propagation model wave resonances wave resonance wave superconductors wave superconductors wave vectors wave vector wave vectors wave vector wave-absorbing property wave absorbing property wavefronts wavefronts waveguide applications waveguide application waveguide components waveguide component waveguide filters waveguide filter waveguide junctions waveguide junction waveguide lasers waveguide laser waveguide loss waveguide loss waveguide models waveguide model waveguide resonators waveguide resonators waveguide sensors waveguide sensor waveguide systems waveguide system waveguides waveguide wave-guiding waveguide waveguiding properties waveguiding property wavelength ranges wavelength range wavelength regimes wavelength regime wavelength regions wavelength region wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescences wavelength dispersive x ray fluorescence wavelength-selective wavelength selective wavelength-tuning range wavelength tuning range wavelet transforms wavelet transform wave-packet dynamics wave packet dynamic waves wave wave-vector dispersion wave vector dispersion wavy structures wavy structure weak bondings weak bonding weak bondings weak bonding weak couplings weak coupling weak interactions weak interaction weak interlayers weak interlayer weak localisation weak localization weak localization effects weak localization effect weak localizations weak localization weak magnetic fields weak magnetic field weak measurements weak measurement weak signals weak signal weak-coupling limits weak coupling limit weak-coupling regime weak coupling regime weak-localization weak localization wear characteristics wear characteristic wear debris wear debris wear mechanisms wear mechanism wear of materials wear of material wear rates wear rate wear tracks wear tracks wearable antennas wearable antenna wearable devices wearable device wearable electronics wearable electronic wearable sensors wearable sensor weight constraints weight constraints weight fractions weight fraction weight loss weight loss weight loss temperatures weight loss temperature weight percentages weight percentage weight ratios weight ratio weighted averages weighted average welding electrodes welding electrode well-aligned well aligned well-aligned carbon nanotube well aligned carbon nanotube well-defined morphologies well defined morphology well-defined structures well defined structure well-dispersed well dispersed well-established techniques well established technique well-ordered domains well ordered domain wells wells well-spread well spread western blot analysis western blot analysis western-blot analysis western blot analysis wet chemical process wet chemical process wet chemical reactions wet chemical reaction wet chemical synthesis wet chemical synthesis wet chemicals wet chemical wet conditions wet condition wet process wet processing wet process wet processing wet-chemical approach wet chemical approach wet-chemical method wet chemical method wet-chemical procedure wet chemical procedure wet-chemistry wet chemistry wet-chemistry techniques wet chemistry technique wet-etching wet etching wetlands wetlands wet-phase inversion wet phase inversion wet-processing wet processing wet-spinning wet spinning wet-spinning method wet spinning method wettability tests wettability test wetting characteristics wetting characteristic wetting dynamics wetting dynamic wetting transitions wetting transition wheels wheels whispering gallery modes whispering gallery mode white light emitting diodes white light emitting diode white light sources white light source white-light illumination white light illumination whole process whole process whole systems whole system wide angle x-ray diffractometry wide angle x ray diffractometry wide angle x-ray scattering wide angle x ray scattering wide band frequencies wide band frequency wide band-gap material wide band gap material wide bandgap semiconductor wide band gap semiconductor wide bandgap semiconductors wide band gap semiconductor wide memories wide memory wide temperature ranges wide temperature range wide-angle x-ray diffraction wide angle x ray diffraction wide-angle x-ray scattering wide angle x ray scattering wide-band wide band wide-band-gap semiconductor wide band gap semiconductor wide-field wide field wide-gap semiconductor wide gap semiconductor wide-linear range wide linear range wide-range wide range wide-ranging applications wide ranging application width effects width effect wiedemann-franz law wiedemann franz law wigner crystals wigner crystal wind tunnels wind tunnels wind turbine blades wind turbine blade wind turbines wind turbine window materials window material windows windows winkler foundations winkler foundation wire antennas wire antenna wireless wireless wireless communications wireless communication wireless measurements wireless measurement wireless networks wireless network wireless sensor networks wireless sensor network wireless telecommunication systems wireless telecommunication system wkb approximations wkb approximation wo 3 wo3 wo 3 wo3 wood products wood product work focus work focus work function engineerings work function engineering work function measurements work function measurement work functions work function work in progress work in progress work-function difference work function difference work-function engineering work function engineering working conditions working condition working distances working distance working mechanisms working mechanism working pressures working pressure working principles working principle working temperatures working temperature work-related work related wound dressing materials wound dressing material woven fabrics woven fabrics wrapping mechanisms wrapping mechanism wrinkles wrinkle wrinkling wrinkle wrinkling patterns wrinkling pattern write-once read-many-times write once read many time write-once-read-many write once read many ws 2 ws2 ws 2 ws2 ws 2 ws2 wse 2 ws2 wse 2 ws2 wse2 ws2 wsi circuits wsi circuit wurtzites wurtzite wurtz-type reductive coupling wurtz type reductive coupling x bands x band x ray absorption fine structures x ray absorption fine structure x ray analysis x ray analysis x ray apparatus x ray apparatus x- ray diffraction x ray diffraction x ray diffraction (xrd) x ray diffraction x ray diffraction analyses (xrd) x ray diffraction analyses x ray diffraction analysis x ray diffraction analysis x- ray diffractions x ray diffraction x ray diffractometers x ray diffractometers x ray diffractometry x ray diffractometers x ray measurements x ray measurement x ray methods x ray method x ray microscopes x ray microscopy x ray photo emission spectroscopy (xps) x ray photo emission spectroscopy x ray photo-electron diffraction x ray photo electron diffraction x ray photoelectron spectrometer x ray photoelectron spectrometry x ray photoelectron spectroscope x ray photoelectron spectroscopy x ray photoelectron spectroscopies (xps) x ray photoelectron spectroscopy x ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps) x ray photoelectron spectroscopy x ray photoemission spectroscopy (xps) x ray photoemission spectroscopy x ray spectrometers x ray spectrometry x ray tubes x ray tube x rays x rays xanes xane xanthenes xanthene xanthurenates xanthurenate xanthurenic acids xanthurenic acid xas xas xenograft model antitumor assays xenograft model antitumor assay xenon lamps xenon lamps xerogel xerogels xerogels xerogels xps xps xps analysis xps analysis xps measurements xps measurement x-ray x ray x-ray absorption x ray absorption x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy x ray absorption near edge spectroscopy x-ray absorption near-edge structure x ray absorption near edge structure x-ray absorption spectroscopy x ray absorption spectroscopy x-ray absorption spectrum x ray absorption spectrum x-ray adsorption x ray adsorption x-ray adsorption spectroscopies x ray adsorption spectroscopy x-ray computed tomography x ray computed tomography x-ray diffraction x ray diffraction x-ray diffraction (xrd) x ray diffraction x-ray diffraction analyses (xrd) x ray diffraction analyses x-ray diffraction data x ray diffraction data x-ray diffraction measurements x ray diffraction measurement x-ray diffraction method x ray diffraction method x-ray diffraction spectroscopy x ray diffraction spectroscopy x-ray diffraction spectrum x ray diffraction spectrum x-ray diffraction studies x ray diffraction study x-ray diffraction techniques x ray diffraction technique x-ray diffractions x ray diffraction x-ray diffractometry x ray diffractometers x-ray emission spectroscopy x ray emission spectroscopy x-ray energy dispersive spectrometers x ray energy dispersive spectrometer x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy x ray energy dispersive spectroscopy x-ray excited optical luminescence x ray excited optical luminescence x-ray fluorescence x ray fluorescence x-ray flux x ray flux x-ray magnetic circular dichroism x ray magnetic circular dichroism x-ray microscopy x ray microscopy x-ray photo x ray photo x-ray photo electron spectroscopy x ray photo electron spectroscopy xray photo emission spectroscopy (xps) x ray photoemission spectroscopy x-ray photoelectron emission microscopies x ray photoelectron emission microscopy x-ray photoelectron microscopy x ray photoelectron microscopy x-ray photoelectron spectra x ray photoelectron spectra x-ray photoelectron spectrometers x ray photoelectron spectrometry x-ray photoelectron spectrometries x ray photoelectron spectrometry x-ray photoelectron spectroscope x ray photoelectron spectroscopy x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies x ray photoelectron spectroscopy x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy x ray photoelectron spectroscopy x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps) x ray photoelectron spectroscopy x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra x ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies x ray photoelectron spectroscopy study x-ray photoelectrons x ray photoelectron x-ray photoemission spectra x ray photoemission spectra x-ray photoemission spectroscopy x ray photoemission spectroscopy x-ray photo-emission spectroscopy x ray photo emission spectroscopy xray photo-emission spectroscopy (xps) xray photo emission spectroscopy x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (xps) x ray photoemission spectroscopy x-ray photo-emission spectroscopy (xps) x ray photo emission spectroscopy x-ray photoemissions x ray photoemission x-ray powder x ray powder x-ray powder diffractometers x ray powder diffractometer x-ray power x ray power x-ray reflectivities x ray reflectivity x-ray reflectivity x ray reflectivity x-ray scattering x ray scattering x-ray sources x ray source x-ray spectroscopy x ray spectroscopy x-ray standing wave techniques x ray standing wave technique x-ray techniques x ray technique x-ray tomography x ray tomography xrd xrd (x ray diffraction) xrd , tem xrd (x ray diffraction) xrd analysis xrd analysis xrd measurements xrd measurement xrd patterns xrd pattern xrd peaks xrd peak xrd studies xrd study yarn supercapacitors yarn supercapacitor yb-doped double-clad fiber laser yb doped double clad fiber laser yb-doped fiber laser yb doped fiber laser yb-doped fiber lasers yb doped fiber laser yeasts yeast yellow emissions yellow emission yield rates yield rate yield stress yield stress yield stress fluids yield stress fluid yielding mechanisms yielding mechanism yields of products yields of product y-junctions y junction ylf lasers ylf laser ylides ylide yolk-shell yolk shell yolk-shell structures yolk shell structure young modulus young's modulus youngs modulus young's modulus youngs modulus young's modulus young's modulus young's modulus ytterbium compounds ytterbium compound ytterbium doped fibers ytterbium doped fiber ytterbium-doped ytterbium doped ytterbium-doped fiber laser ytterbium doped fiber laser ytterbium-doped fiber lasers ytterbium doped fiber laser yttria stabilized zirconias yttria stabilized zirconia yttria stabilized zirconias yttria stabilized zirconia yttria-stabilized zirconias (ysz) yttria stabilized zirconia yttrium alloys yttrium alloy yttrium compounds yttrium compound yttrium iron garnets yttrium iron garnets z-contrast imaging z contrast imaging z-directions z direction zea mays zea mays zebra fish zebrafish zebrafish embryos zebrafish embryos zeeman energies zeeman energy zeeman fields zeeman field zeeman interactions zeeman interaction zeeman splittings zeeman splittings zeolites zeolite zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 zeolitic imidazolate framework zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 zeolitic imidazolate framework zeolitic imidazolate frameworks zeolitic imidazolate framework zero bias zero bias zero bias conductance peaks zero bias conductance peak zero conductances zero conductance zero energies zero energy zero energy modes zero energy mode zero fields zero field zero magnetic fields zero magnetic field zero temperatures zero temperature zero values zero value zero-bias zero bias zero-bias conductance zero bias conductance zero-bias voltage zero bias voltage zero-dimensional zero dimensional zero-dispersion wavelength zero dispersion wavelength zero-field-cooled zero field cooled zero-momentum zero momentum zero-point zero point zero-point energies zero point energy zero-point energy correction zero point energy correction zeta potential analysis zeta potential analysis zeta potential analyzers zeta potential analyzers zeta potential measurements zeta potential measurement ziegler-natta ziegler natta ziegler-natta catalysts ziegler natta catalyst zig zag nanotubes zig zag nanotubes zig zags zig zag zig zags zig zag zigzag zig zag zig-zag zig zag zigzag carbon nanotubes zigzag carbon nanotubes zigzag chains zigzag chain zigzag edges zigzag edge zigzag graphene nanoribbon zigzag graphene nanoribbons zigzag graphene nanoribbons zigzag graphene nanoribbons zigzag graphene ribbons zigzag graphene ribbons zigzag lines zigzag line zig-zag nanotubes zig zag nanotube zigzag ribbons zigzag ribbons zig-zag structures zig zag structure zigzag tubes zigzag tube zigzag-edge trigonal graphene zigzag edge trigonal graphene zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbons zigzag edged graphene nanoribbon zinc alloys zinc alloy zinc coatings zinc coating zinc compounds zinc compound zinc ferrite spinels zinc ferrite spinels zinc hydroxide carbonates zinc hydroxide carbonate zinc nitrates zinc nitrate zinc oxide (zno) zno (zinc oxide) zinc oxide nanoparticles zinc oxide nanoparticle zinc oxide nanorods zinc oxide nanorod zinc oxide nanostructures zinc oxide nanostructure zinc oxide nanowires zinc oxide nanowire zinc oxide quantum dots zinc oxide quantum dots zinc oxide thin films zinc oxide thin film zinc phthalocyanines zinc phthalocyanine zinc porphyrin zinc porphyrins zinc sulfide nanoparticles zinc sulfide nanoparticle zinc-air battery zinc air battery zinc-blende structures zinc blende structure zinc-porphyrin zinc porphyrins zirconia nanoparticles zirconia nanoparticle zirconium alloys zirconium alloy zirconium compounds zirconium compound zn atoms zn atom zn-al layered double hydroxides zn al layered double hydroxide znfe 2 o 4 znfe2o 4 znfe2o4-graphene quantum dots composites znfe2o4 graphene quantum dots composite zno and sno zinc oxide and sno zno electrodeposition zinc oxide electrodeposition zno film zinc oxide film zno films zinc oxide film zno nanocrystal zinc oxide nanocrystal zno nanocrystals zinc oxide nanocrystal zno nanoparticle zinc oxide nanoparticle zno nanoparticles zinc oxide nanoparticle zno nanorod zinc oxide nanorod zno nanorod array zinc oxide nanorod array zno nanorod arrays zinc oxide nanorod array zno nanorods zinc oxide nanorod zno nanorods arrays zinc oxide nanorod array zno nanosheet zinc oxide nanosheet zno nanosheets zinc oxide nanosheet zno nanostructure zinc oxide nanostructure zno nanostructures zinc oxide nanostructure zno nanotube zinc oxide nanotube zno nanowire zinc oxide nanowire zno nanowire array zinc oxide nanowire array zno nanowire arrays zinc oxide nanowire array zno nanowires zinc oxide nanowire zno nanowires (nws) zinc oxide nanowire zno nws zinc oxide nws zno nws zinc oxide nanowire zno particle zinc oxide particle zno particles zinc oxide particle zno quantum dots zinc oxide quantum dots zno quantum dots zinc oxide quantum dots zno surface zinc oxide surface zno thin film zinc oxide thin film zno thin films zinc oxide thin film zno/graphene zinc oxide/graphene zno/graphene composite zinc oxide graphene composite zno/graphene composites zinc oxide graphene composite zno/tio zinc oxide/tio zns zns zns nanoparticles zns nanoparticle zns quantum dots zns quantum dots znse nanoparticles znse nanoparticle zone boundaries zone boundary zone of inhibitions zone of inhibition zrb 2 zrb2 zro 2 zro2 zro2 nanoparticles zro2 nanoparticle z-scan z scan z-scan experiment z scan experiment z-scan measurement z scan measurement z-scan method z scan method z-scan technique z scan technique z-scheme z scheme zwitterionic polymers zwitterionic polymer oxidation pits ammonia oxidation transparent and conductive film freestanding electrode graphene fullerene hybrid electrical energy storage device activated carbon and graphene electrode 585 divacancies defect emergent gravity metal hybrids planar qued relativistic dirac equation interfacial nanobubble wavelength tunable operation poly(amido amine) h2o2 sensor electromechanical dumbell like mono-(6-amino-6-deoxy)-ß-cyclodextrin sulphuric acid planar qed electronic and optical properties of graphene superlattice charge and spin transport activated carbon and graphene impedance characteristic divacancy defect graphene on silicon energy gap control lithium hexafluorophosphate slurry technique organic inorganic hybrid composite chitosan graphene sheet bovine interleukin carbonaceous impurity perfectly conducting channel erbium doped laser alternative anode material vasp sts graphene (theory) degenerate limit chemical sputtering ionic liquid functionalized reduced graphene oxide hydrodynamical model buffer storage timing noise power scaling twist manganese sulfide mn3o4 nanoparticle electrochemical cycle stability graphene nano ribbons graphene nanoribbons